WutheringHeights

------natureversuscivilizationContent1.Ecologicalesthetics2.Natureversuscivilization3.SomeaspirationsEcologicalaesthetics生態(tài)美學(xué)Insomeclassicalliterature,thenatureisabsent,oristhebackgroundtoserveasafoilofthemaincharactersortheobjectforthemantoovercome,whichisinanegativecondition.Ecological

criticism(生態(tài)批評(píng))istocriticizethepeople’sblindtonatureandwantondestructionsoastoarousetheirawarenesstounderstandandrespectthenature.Theythinkthenatureisanindependentexistence,andispeople’sspiritualsanctuaryandhearthabitat,vital,majesticandvarious.EcologicalaestheticsEcologicalestheticsemergesinthetransitionfromindustrialcivilizationtoecologicalcivilization.Coreidea:thecoordinationof“Human-Nature-Society”,opposetheideathatthenatureisofnovalue.ThenaturedescriptionintheWutheringHeights

細(xì)讀《呼嘯山莊》，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，自然在這部小說(shuō)中并不缺席，而且無(wú)處不在。艾米莉筆下的大自然既溫柔又狂野，既友善又冷峻，既多情又冷酷。春季，我們可以看到那競(jìng)相開放的金黃色的報(bào)春花，嗅到那“溫馨宜人的果樹中飄來(lái)的一股股紫羅蘭和桂竹香的芬芳”,聽到百靈鳥那婉轉(zhuǎn)美妙的歌聲，看到遠(yuǎn)方蔚藍(lán)色的天空和身旁漲滿水的小溪，感覺(jué)到溫暖怡人的陽(yáng)光；冬季，我們可以聽到那怒吼的狂風(fēng)，感覺(jué)到刺骨的寒氣，看到沸沸揚(yáng)揚(yáng)的鵝毛大雪。Natureversuscivilization

(自然與文明)

自然：可以理解為一種人類原始人性的美好狀態(tài)，一如亙古存在的真正的大自然，人類生活順應(yīng)自然和自己的本性，人性與自然有著純粹的共鳴。文明：可以狹義地理解為自從第一次工業(yè)革命以后的人類進(jìn)程的狀態(tài)，也可以廣義地理解為國(guó)家的誕生，即人類社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了階級(jí)分化。這時(shí)候的人類社會(huì)以及人類本身，受到了外在環(huán)境太多的影響，很多時(shí)候迷失了自己的本性，變得異化。而自然不會(huì)隨著文明的出現(xiàn)和進(jìn)步消失，自然會(huì)一直存在。所以兩者就有了不斷的沖突和妥協(xié)、對(duì)抗和緩和。這種矛盾的狀態(tài)是因?yàn)槿祟愡M(jìn)步的本質(zhì)決定的，但是在一次次妥協(xié)和緩和背后，更多的是人類犧牲本質(zhì)利益換取眼前利益的表象。CharacteranalysisInordertounderstandtheconflictbetweennatureandcivilizationinWutheringHeights,wemustfirstanalyzethemaincharacters,representingintheirownwaythenatureandthecivilizedworld.TheEarnshawfamilycomestogetherwithnaturewhentheLintonsareasymbolfortheculture.CatherineSheisbeautifulandcharming,butsheisneverascivilizedasshepretendstobe.InherheartsheisalwaysawildgirlplayingonthemoorswithHeathcliff.Sheregardsitasherrighttobelovedbyall,andhasanunrulytemper.HeathcliffHeisthemosttypicalnatureperson(representthewildandnaturalforces)whoisalienatedbycivilization.BetreatedunfairlybeisolatedHurtbycathyandyearningforuppersociallifeImplementhisrevengeplanstepbystepHishumannaturehasbeensuppressedbyvengeancetemporarilyEdgarLinton

IncontrasttoHeathcliff,isagentlybred,arefinedman,apatienthusbandandalovingfatherEdgar'sinabilitytocounterHeathcliff'svengeance,andhisna?vebeliefonhisdeathbedinhisdaughter'ssafetyandhappiness,makehimaweak,ifsympathetic,character.

“Whydidyoubetrayyourheart,Cathy?”Attractionoftheuppersociallife(drivenbyhersocialambitions)Theinfluencesecularsocieties(Moneythestatushaveenormouspower)ShehopestoimproveandsublimatehernatureBreakingthenatureandharmoniousstateofnatureTheenvironmentanalysis

Theenvironmentthecharactersliveinisanotherwaytounderstandtheconflictbetweenthenatureandthecivilizationinthewriting.First,wemustnotethatWutheringHeightsisaplaceofwildness,passionandlifewhiletheThrushcrossGrangeisaplaceofconventionandcultureandstandsupforarefinedwayoflife.symbolismTheconstantemphasisonlandscapewithinthetextofWutheringHeightsendowsthesettingwithsymbolicimportance.Thislandscapeiscomprisedprimarilyofmoors:wide,wildexpanses,high,andthusinfertile.Moorlandcannotbecultivated,anditsuniformitymakesnavigationdifficult.Itfeaturesparticularlywaterloggedpatchesinwhichpeoplecouldpotentiallydrown.Thus,themoorsserveverywellassymbolsofthewildthreatposedbynature.TheirchildrenTheyeliminatemisunderstandingandthegulfofculture(消除了文化，環(huán)境的隔膜，和諧相愛(ài))哈里頓·恩蕭HaretonEarnshaw凱瑟琳·林敦——CatherineLinton埃德加與凱瑟琳之女Realizetheunitycivilizationandnature.(愛(ài)克服了一切，實(shí)現(xiàn)了野蠻標(biāo)記的呼嘯山莊和文明象征的畫眉山莊的統(tǒng)一)自然（nature）——異化（dissimilation

）——回歸（regress）Ilingeredroundthem,underthatbenignsky:watchedthemothsflutteringamongtheheathandhare-bells;listenedtothesoftwindbreathingthroughthegrass;andwonderedhowanyonecouldeverimagineunquietslumbersforthesleepersinthatquietearth(我在那溫和的天空下面，在這三塊墓碑前留連！望著飛蛾在石楠叢和蘭鈴花中撲飛，聽著柔風(fēng)在草間吹動(dòng)，我納悶有誰(shuí)能想象得出在那平靜的土地下面的長(zhǎng)眠者竟會(huì)有并不平靜的睡眠)

Comment:Allthemissinghasgoneby,thepeoplewhoareburiedundertheearthhavegotthefreedom,theylaydownthegrievanceinthephotinia(石楠花)andgettheeternalpeaceintheirhearts.Thedescriptiongiveusendlesshope,thatisourhumanityisgloriousandnatural.Shouldwegetridofthelossanddeviationthatthemoderncivilizationbringsus,ourheartsandmindsremainspeaceful.Someaspirations1.Minglingrelationshipbetweencivilizationandnature2.Returntonature.3.BerationaltowardshumancivilizationSomereferences:1.自然的呼喚——生態(tài)視野下的《呼嘯山莊》

臨沂師范學(xué)院外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院王海艷