PassiveVoice被動語態(tài)永豐學(xué)校王金繼(一)語態(tài)分類

英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動)

漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。一.何時使用被動語態(tài)

1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要

Paperismadefromwood.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時

Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn'tbetakenaway.Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.3.為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉褂帽粍诱Z態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使用被動語態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。

Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines.什么時候用主動語態(tài)或被動語態(tài)？主語是動作的執(zhí)行者就用主動語態(tài)主語是動作的承受者就用被動語態(tài)WestudyEnglishatschool.Englishisstudiedbyusatschool.我們用木頭做家具。那只老鼠被貓抓住了

相機是用來照相的。Discusion1:theactivevoice主動語態(tài)&thepassivevoice被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)bymanystudents.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法1.Manystudentsstudy

English.Englishisstudied2.Theymake

shoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法bytheteacher.3.Theteacheroftenasks

himquestions.Heisaskedquestions1.主動語態(tài)中的賓語轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)中的主語2.主動語態(tài)中的動詞改為被動形式，即be+過去分詞3.

主動語態(tài)中的主語如果需要放在by后面4.其他成分保持不變

主動變被動解題步驟ThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulbin1897.主語謂語賓語狀語ThelightbulbwasinventedbyThomasEdisonin1897主語謂語by+動作實施者狀語1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主語+及物動詞+賓語Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時：S(主語）+am/is/are+過去分詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過去時：S+was/were+過去分詞3．Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.情態(tài)動詞：S+can/may/must/should+be+過去分詞4.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來時：S+will+be+過去分詞1.Theyplaybasketballintheirschool.(改為被動語態(tài))

Basketball_____________intheirschoolbythem.isplayed2.Thenaughtyboybrokethewindow.Thewindow_____________bythenaughtyboy.3.PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.English_____________bypeopleallovertheworld.Exercise：wasbrokenisspokenExercise：translatethefollowingsentences這些照片是上星期拍的。這本書是魯迅寫的。史密斯一家被邀請參加了派對。長江也叫揚子江。Thesephotos

weretaken

lastweek.Thisbook

waswritten

byLuXun.TheSmiths

wereinvited

totheparty.TheChangjiangRiver

is

also

called

theYangtezeRiver.被動語態(tài):我們知道,被動語態(tài)是由be+done(動詞的過去分詞)構(gòu)成的

被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成比較一般現(xiàn)在時主+am/is/are+done一般過去時主+was/were+done含情態(tài)動詞主+情態(tài)動詞

+bedone一般將來時主+willbe+done現(xiàn)在完成時主+have/hasbeen+done過去完成時主+hadbeen+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時主+am/is/arebeing+done過去進(jìn)行時主+was/werebeing+done過去將來時主+wouldbe+done說明(1)done表示動詞的過去分詞(2)下劃線的詞為助動詞1.有些動詞用主動形式表被動含義.

Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan'topen.

2.有些詞如want,need,require和beworth后面

v-ing形式為主動，意義為被動。Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.

Thebookisworthreading.

3.主動語態(tài)中的賓語是從句，變成被動時使用形式替代詞it.WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.It'sknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.4.主動形式表被動①感官動詞：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主語是物時；

②一些vi主動形式表被動含義open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.③不定式toblame,tolet（出租）作表語時，主動形式表被動含義Youaretob