PassiveVoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)永豐學(xué)校王金繼(一)語(yǔ)態(tài)分類

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主動(dòng))Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被動(dòng))

漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。一.何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1.不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒(méi)有必要

Paperismadefromwood.Hewaswoundedinthefight.2.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)

Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustn'tbetakenaway.Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest.3.為了使語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ蕉褂帽粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，或由于修飾的需要，使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，使句子得以更好的安排。

Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.Electricityisusedtorunmachines.什么時(shí)候用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者就用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)WestudyEnglishatschool.Englishisstudiedbyusatschool.我們用木頭做家具。那只老鼠被貓抓住了

相機(jī)是用來(lái)照相的。Discusion1:theactivevoice主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)&thepassivevoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)bymanystudents.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法1.Manystudentsstudy

English.Englishisstudied2.Theymake

shoesinthatfactory.Shoesaremadebytheminthatfactory.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法bytheteacher.3.Theteacheroftenasks

himquestions.Heisaskedquestions1.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)2.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)形式，即be+過(guò)去分詞3.

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)如果需要放在by后面4.其他成分保持不變

主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)解題步驟ThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulbin1897.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)ThelightbulbwasinventedbyThomasEdisonin1897主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)by+動(dòng)作實(shí)施者狀語(yǔ)1.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：S(主語(yǔ)）+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：S+was/were+過(guò)去分詞3．Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：S+can/may/must/should+be+過(guò)去分詞4.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：S+will+be+過(guò)去分詞1.Theyplaybasketballintheirschool.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

Basketball_____________intheirschoolbythem.isplayed2.Thenaughtyboybrokethewindow.Thewindow_____________bythenaughtyboy.3.PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.English_____________bypeopleallovertheworld.Exercise：wasbrokenisspokenExercise：translatethefollowingsentences這些照片是上星期拍的。這本書是魯迅寫的。史密斯一家被邀請(qǐng)參加了派對(duì)。長(zhǎng)江也叫揚(yáng)子江。Thesephotos

weretaken

lastweek.Thisbook

waswritten

byLuXun.TheSmiths

wereinvited

totheparty.TheChangjiangRiver

is

also

called

theYangtezeRiver.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):我們知道,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由be+done(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)構(gòu)成的

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成比較一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主+am/is/are+done一般過(guò)去時(shí)主+was/were+done含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

+bedone一般將來(lái)時(shí)主+willbe+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主+have/hasbeen+done過(guò)去完成時(shí)主+hadbeen+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主+am/is/arebeing+done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主+was/werebeing+done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主+wouldbe+done說(shuō)明(1)done表示動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(2)下劃線的詞為助動(dòng)詞1.有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義.

Thegoodssellswell.Thedoorcan'topen.

2.有些詞如want,need,require和beworth后面

v-ing形式為主動(dòng)，意義為被動(dòng)。Theroomneeds/wants/requirescleaning.

Thebookisworthreading.

3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)是從句，變成被動(dòng)時(shí)使用形式替代詞it.WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.It'sknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.4.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)①感官動(dòng)詞：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)；

②一些vi主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義open,close,shut,read,write,translate,wash,clean,lock,sell,wear,cut,cook,eat,weigh,drink,pay,draw,etc.③不定式toblame,tolet（出租）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義Youaretob