第四章非謂語動詞

一、不定式1．不定式作主語不定式可直接放在句首作主語。有時也用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式放在后面，以避免頭重腳輕，保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡?！纠?】________Englishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome.A．Study B．BeingstudiedC．Studied D．Tostudy答案D【例2】Itismyhonor________heretospendsometimewithyou.A．tobeinvited B．invitingC．beinginvited D．toinvite答案A2．不定式作表語不定式作表語，通常說明或解釋主語的內(nèi)容，也可表示將來的動作?！纠?】Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier，________itmoredifficult.A．notmaking B．notmakeC．nottomake D．tonotmake答案C【例4】Todaymyjobis________alltheflowersinthegarden.A．water B．havingwateredC．towater D．watered答案C3．不定式作賓語英語中有些動詞常跟不定式作賓語。這類動詞有：want，wish，hope，expect，agree，decide，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，refuse，beg，demand，manage，offer，prepare，claim，struggle等。【例5】Weagreed________here，butsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.A．havingmet B．meetingC．tomeet D．tohavemet答案C【例6】Whenhisfathercameback，theboypretended________hishomework.A．doingB．todoC．doneD．tobedoing答案D【例7】ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________.A．tobeheard B．tohearC．beingheard D．hearing答案A4．不定式作賓補(bǔ)(1)有些動詞(短語)后面常接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。這類動詞有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，want，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，callon，counton，relyon，dependon，longfor，waitfor，wouldlike等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等動詞后不能接sb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)?！纠?】Wecan'tcountonamanlikeJim________usthenecessaryhelp.A．togive B．givingC．tobegiven D．given答案A(2)有些動詞，主要是感官動詞和使役動詞，它們的后面可接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被動語態(tài)的句子中，就要用帶to的不定式作主補(bǔ)?！纠?】Myparentshavealwaysmademe________aboutmyself，evenwhenIwastwelve.A．feelingwell B．feelinggoodC．feelwell D．feelgood答案D5．不定式作定語(1)不定式用在thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly等短語后面作定語?！纠?0】Johnwasthelastman________dinnerinourfamily.A．tobeinvitedfor B．tobeinvitedtoC．invitedfor D．invitingto答案B(2)不定式作定語，與被修飾的中心詞之間常表現(xiàn)為主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.(主謂關(guān)系)Itwasagametoberemembered.(動賓關(guān)系)【例11】Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine________theoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.(2010·上海)A．reducing B．toreduceC．reduced D．reduce答案B6．不定式作狀語(1)作原因狀語。不定式常可跟在某些形容詞或動詞后面作原因狀語。【例12】Wewereastonished________thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition. (2010·遼寧)A．finding B．tofindC．find D．tobefind答案B(2)作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語既可放在句首也可放在句尾。但為了加強(qiáng)語氣，也可用“soastodo”或“inordertodo”結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語。inorderto既可放在句首也可放在句尾，soasto一般不置于句首?！纠?3】WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner，Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________presentsformydad.

(2010·全國Ⅰ)A．buy B．tobuyC．buying D．tohavebought答案B【例14】________losehisjob，Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident.A．Inordertonot B．InordernottoC．Tonot D．Soasnotto答案B(3)作結(jié)果狀語。具體形式是：too＋adj./adv.＋todo意為“太……而不能”；adj./adv.＋enough＋todo意為“足以……”；only/justtodo表示出乎意料的結(jié)果?！纠?5】Doyouthinkyouarebraveenough________bungeejumping?A．trying B．intryingC．totry D．a(chǎn)ndtry答案C【例16】Hehurriedtothestation，only________thetrainhadleft.A．findingB．foundC．tofindD．find答案C(4)用于“主語＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞有：easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，fit，convenient，pleasant等，不定式與句子的主語是動賓關(guān)系，不定式常用主動形式，且不定式必須是及物動詞。

【例17】Thearmchairisverycomfortable________.A．tosit B．tositinC．sittingin D．forsittingdown答案B【例18】Wefoundtheexercisedifficult________withoutthehelpoftheEnglishteacher.A．tobedone B．todoC．todoit D．ofdoing答案B7．“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)此結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于名詞的功能，即作主語、賓語、表語等成分。不定式一般只用主動式不用被動式。疑問詞須作不定式的相應(yīng)成分?！纠?9】—It'snousehavingideasonly.—Don'tworry.Petercanshowyou________toturnanideaintoanact. (2010·遼寧)A．howB．whoC．whatD．where答案A【例20】Thepoliceofficerwantstoknowwhatmeasures________tofindthemurdererassoonaspossible.A．totake B．tobetakenC．taken D．beingtaken答案A【例21】IwasmadetowritealetterinEnglish，butIdon'tknow________.A．whattowriteabout B．howtobeginwithC．howtowriteabout D．whattobegin答案A8．不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式的時態(tài)變化往往是相對于謂語動詞而言的，如果不定式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后或與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，用不定式的一般式；如果不定式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，用不定式的完成式。不定式的語態(tài)變化往往針對其邏輯主語而言，如果不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者，用不定式的被動式?！纠?2】ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang，whowasreported________theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace. (2007·遼寧)A．breaking B．havingbrokenC．tohavebroken D．tobreak答案C【例23】Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing，buttheone________firstisthelibrary. (2010·重慶)A．repaired B．beingrepairedC．repairing D．toberepaired答案D二、動名詞動名詞主要起名詞的作用，在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語，一般不作狀語，有各種形式的變化。1．動名詞作主語動名詞可直接放在句首作主語。有時也用it作形式主語，把真正的主語——動名詞放在后面。注意：nouse，nogood作表語時，真正的主語常用動名詞，一般不用不定式?！纠?4】Inmymind，________thatfamousuniversitywillbetheonlywaytobecomeaworld-classwriter.A．a(chǎn)ttending B．a(chǎn)ttendedC．a(chǎn)ttend D．havingattended答案A【例25】Itisnouse________withhimatthistime.A．talk B．totalkC．talking D．talked答案C2．動名詞作賓語(1)有些動詞(短語)后面要求跟動名詞作賓語。常見的后跟動名詞作賓語的動詞有：mind，finish，enjoy，excuse，imagine，keep，practice，suggest，miss，consider，prevent，appreciate，advise，avoid，allow，admit，delay，escape，permit，forbid，can'thelp(情不自禁)，feellike，keepon，giveup，lookforwardto，devote...to，getusedto，payattentionto，befondof，beworth等?！纠?6】Hedidn'tfeellike________，soshesuggested________anEnglishletterrightaway.A．reading；practisingwritingB．reading；practisingtowriteC．reading；topractisewritingD．toread；practisingtowrite答案A【例27】—Tomenjoys________basketballonSundayafternoons，doesn'the?—Yes，hedoes.Butwhathissisterenjoys________.A．toplay；dancing B．playing；todanceC．toplay；todance D．playing；istodance答案D【例28】Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed________.A．catchingB．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatch答案C(2)在havedifficulty(trouble，aproblem，ahardtime，fun，agoodtime)(in)＋動名詞；bebusy(in)＋動名詞；wastetime(in)＋動名詞；thereisnopoint(in)＋動名詞等結(jié)構(gòu)中，動名詞作介詞in的賓語，in?？墒??！纠?9】Ihadgreatdifficulty________thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant. (2010·上海)A．findB．foundC．tofindD．finding答案D【例30】—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A．totake B．takingC．nottotake D．nottaking答案D三、分詞分詞在句中可用作表語、定語、補(bǔ)語、狀語等。1．分詞作表語分詞作表語具有形容詞的功能，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語與分詞之間存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，意為“令人……的”，主語通常是物；過去分詞表示主語與分詞之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，意為“感到……的”，主語通常是人?！纠?1】Thiscomputergamewas________andthechildrenwere________init.A．interesting；interesting B．interested；interestedC．interesting；interested D．interested；interesting答案C【例32】Shetookadeepbreathtocalmherself，buthervoicestillsounded________.A．excitement B．excitedC．exciting D．excitedly答案B2．分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語既可放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語，也可放在所修飾的詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。過去分詞作定語時，一般置于所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句?！纠?3】I'mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition________inyesterday'sChinaDaily. (2010·北京)A．a(chǎn)dvertised B．tobeadvertisedC．a(chǎn)dvertising D．havingadvertised答案A【例34】Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat. (2010·浙江)A．beingweighed B．toweighC．weighed D．weighing答案D3．分詞作賓補(bǔ)常跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，notice，observe，watch等?！纠?5】Alexandertriedtogethiswork________inthemedicalcircles. (2010·遼寧)A．torecognize B．recognizingC．recognize D．recognized答案D4．分詞作狀語分詞可作時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語、結(jié)果狀語等?！纠?6】Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock，________suppliestoYushu，QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.(2010·福建)A．sending B．tosendC．havingsent D．tohavesent答案A四、難點速通難點1：不定式to后的內(nèi)容省略的問題為了避免重復(fù)，like，love，try，want，hope，hate，wish，beglad/happy等后面必須有to，但to后面的動詞常省略。但如果to后是be或have時不省?！纠?7】—Howaboutgoingonapicnicwithustomorrow?—________verymuch.A．I'llliketo B．I'dliketoC．I'dlike D．I'lllikeit答案B【例38】—Didtheytellyouthefinaldecisionofthecommittee?—No，theydidn't，butIthinkIoughtto________.A．/B．beC．haveD．havebeen答案D難點2：with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with＋賓語＋非謂語動詞”是一種特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以在句中作定語或狀語?！纠?9】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy，withadiningtablealready________foramealtobecooked.(2010·山東)A．laid B．layingC．tolay D．beinglaid答案A難點3：remember，forget，regret后接動名詞和不定式的區(qū)別后接動名詞表示先于謂語動詞的動作；后接不定式表示后于謂語動詞的動作?！纠?0】—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh，Iforgot________.A．turningitoff B．turnitoffC．toturnitoff D．havingturneditoff答案C【例41】Haveyouforgotten________arulerfromMike?Pleaseremember________ittohimtomorrow.A．borrowing；toreturn B．borrowing；returningC．toborrow；toreturn D．toborrow；returning答案A【例42】—Youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—Yes，Iregret________withhim.A．quarrelling B．quarreledC．toquarrel D．havequarreled答案A難點4：want，need，require和deserve后接動名詞和不定式的用法當(dāng)它們后面所接的動詞與句子的主語是動賓關(guān)系時，用動名詞的主動式或不定式的被動式。【例43】Ineed________therebybike，butsomethingiswrongwithmybike.Itneeds________.A．going；beingrepaired B．togo；repairingC．togo；torepair D．go；toberepaired答案B【例44】Hedeserves________.A．promoted B．promoteC．tobepromoted D．topromote答案C難點5：在try，stop，mean，goon，can'thelp后，用動名詞和不定式所表達(dá)的含義不同(1)trydoingsth.試著做某事；trytodosth.努力做某事(2)stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下來做某事(3)meandoingsth.意味著做某事；meantodosth.打算做某事(4)goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事(即：再做原來做著的那件事)；goontodosth.接著做另一件事(即：做與原來不同的一件事)(5)can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事；can'thelp(to)dosth.不能幫助做某事【例45】Try________atthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.A．knock B．toknockC．knocking D．tobeknocking答案C【例46】Shereachedthetopofthe