必修二

U4Historyandtraditions歷史與傳統(tǒng)

ReadingandThinking閱讀課

課文詳解課件課文第一段語(yǔ)法和短語(yǔ)講解

Thefirstparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England-manypeopleareconfusedby被困惑于whatthesedifferentnamesmean意味著.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany如果有的話?動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)willhelpyousolvethispuzzle解決這個(gè)謎題.

Inthe16thcentury,在16世紀(jì)thenearby附近的countryofWaleswasjoinedto被加入到theKingdom王國(guó)ofEngland.Later,inthe18thcentury,thecountryScotland蘇格蘭wasjoinedto被加入到create創(chuàng)造theKingdomofGreatBritain大不列顛王國(guó).Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomoflreland愛(ài)爾蘭

wasadded被添加tocreate創(chuàng)造theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandlreland.大不列顛和愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartoflrelandbrokeawayfrom脫離theUK,whichresultedin導(dǎo)致thefullname全稱wehave（定語(yǔ)從句）today:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

大不列顛和北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname簡(jiǎn)稱（過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)）:"theUnitedKingdom"or"theUK".PeoplefromtheUKarecalled"British"whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredto指的是asBritainorGreatBritain.課文第二段：語(yǔ)法和短語(yǔ)講解Thesecondparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

Thefourcountriesthatbelongto從屬于theUnitedKingdomworktogether

緊密合作insomeareas地區(qū)，領(lǐng)域.Theyusethesameflag旗幟,knownastheUnionJack過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),aswellas

也；和

share分享thesamecurrency貨幣andmilitarydefence軍事防御.However,theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystems教育制度andLegalsystems.法律制度

Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions傳統(tǒng),like像theirownnationaldays國(guó)慶日andnationaldishes本國(guó)菜肴.Andtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitions比賽liketheWorldCup世界杯!課文第三段：語(yǔ)法和短語(yǔ)講解Thethirdparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)的和有趣

的歷史等你去探索which非限制性定語(yǔ)從句canhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions傳統(tǒng).AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbe

surroundedby被包圍著

evidence

證據(jù)offourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookover

占領(lǐng)；接管atdifferenttimes

在不同時(shí)期throughouthistory.貫穿整個(gè)歷史Thefirstgroup,theRomans,cameinthefirstcentury.在一世紀(jì)

Someoftheirgreatachievements成就included包括buildingtownsandroads,Next,theAnglo-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.

在五世紀(jì)Theyintroduced引進(jìn)

thebeginningsoftheEnqlishlanauage,英語(yǔ)的雛形andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.定語(yǔ)從句課文第四段：語(yǔ)法和短語(yǔ)講解

Thefourthparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

第四段：Thefourthparagraph：TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury,在八世紀(jì)leftbehind

留下lotsofnewvocabulary詞匯,andalsothenamesofmanylocations

地方acrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.諾曼人Theyconquered征服Englandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastings

著名的黑斯廷斯戰(zhàn)役inthe11thcentury.Theyhadcastlesbuilt

使城堡被建allaroundEngland遍及英國(guó),andmadechangestothelegalsystem,改革了法律制度

TheNormanswereFrench,somanyFrenchwordsslowlyentered進(jìn)入intotheEnglishlanquage.課文第五段：語(yǔ)法和短語(yǔ)講解Thefifthparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

Thereissomuchmoretolearnabout了解theinterestinghistoryandculture文化oftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountry

動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)willmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable更愉快.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,asitisanancientportcity古老的港口城市thathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes一直追溯到羅馬時(shí)期.Therearecountlesshistoricsites不計(jì)其數(shù)的歷史遺址toexplore,andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelics古代遺址fromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinating

迷人的mix混合物ofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,留心；留意youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent現(xiàn)在.拓展閱讀講解：Theexplainationoftheexpendingreadingmaterials.Viking,DanishInvasionsandtheNormanConquest維京、丹麥人的入侵和諾曼征服

TheNorwegians挪威人andtheDanes丹麥人attacked攻擊various各種各樣的，不同的partsofEnglandfromtheendofthe8thcentury.Theybecameaseriousproblem成為一個(gè)而嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題inthe9thcentury,especiallybetween835and878.Theyevenmanagedto設(shè)法

capture占領(lǐng)York約克郡,animportantcenterofChristianity

基督教in867.Bythemiddleof9thcentury,theViking維京人andtheDanes丹麥人wereposingathreat威脅totheSaxon薩克森kingdomofWessex.威薩克斯王國(guó)CurrentNewsReadingTextofXi'ssignedarticleonSaudimedia習(xí)近平在沙特阿拉伯媒體發(fā)表署名文章CarryingForwardOurMillennia-oldFriendshipandJointlyCreatingaBetterFuture

傳承千年友好，共創(chuàng)美好未來(lái)

中華人民共和國(guó)主席習(xí)近平

XiJinping

PresidentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

IamcomingbacktoRiyadh,bringingwithmeprofoundfriendshipfromtheChinesepeople.IamheretojoinmyArabfriendsforthefirstChina-ArabStatesSummitandthefirstChina-GulfCooperationCouncil(GCC)SummitandtopayastatevisittoSaudiArabia.帶著中國(guó)人民的深情厚誼，我再次來(lái)到利雅得，同阿拉伯朋友一道召開(kāi)首屆中國(guó)－阿拉伯國(guó)家峰會(huì)、Designedasatripofbuildingonthepastandmoreimportantly,ofopeningupabetterfuture,thevisitwillcarryforwardourtraditionalfriendship,andusherinanewerainChina'srelationswiththeArabworld,withArabstatesoftheGulf,andwithSaudiArabia.這是一次傳承之旅，更是一次開(kāi)創(chuàng)之旅，目的是發(fā)揚(yáng)光大中阿、中海、中沙傳統(tǒng)友好，開(kāi)啟中國(guó)同阿拉伯世界、海灣阿拉伯國(guó)家、沙特阿拉伯關(guān)系新時(shí)代。

First,atime-honoredfriendshipthatgoesbackthousandsofyears一、千年友誼，源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)

TheexchangesbetweenChinaandArabstatesdatebackmorethan2,000years.中國(guó)和阿拉伯國(guó)家的交往可以追溯到2000多年前。TheconstantstreamsofcaravansalongthelandSilkRoadandthebillowingsailsalongthemaritimeSpiceRoadhavebornewitnesstohowtheChineseandArabcivilizationsinteractedwithandinspiredeachotheracrosstheAsiancontinent.從那時(shí)起，陸上絲綢之路商旅絡(luò)繹，海上香料之路云帆高張，中阿文明在亞洲大陸兩端相映生輝。ItwasthroughtheseexchangesthatChineseporcelainandpaper-makingandprintingtechniqueswereintroducedtotheWestwhileArabastronomy,calendarandmedicinewentallthewaytotheEast.Wehavetradedgoods,sparkedinnovation,sharedideas,andspreadthefruitsofculturalexchangestotherestoftheworld,leavingasplendidchapterinEast-Westengagementandmutuallearning.中國(guó)的瓷器、造紙術(shù)、印刷術(shù)一路西行，阿拉伯的天文、歷法、醫(yī)藥萬(wàn)里東來(lái)。我們互通有無(wú)，啟迪創(chuàng)新，碰撞思想，把文明交流的成果傳播四海，書(shū)寫(xiě)了東西交融、互學(xué)互鑒的歷史佳話。

ThecontactsbetweenChinaandArabstatesoftheGulfarewelldocumented.中國(guó)和海灣阿拉伯國(guó)家的交往經(jīng)由史籍流傳至今。DuringtheEasternHanDynasty,GanYing,aChineseemissary,reachedthe"westernseas,"namelytheGulf,onhismissiontotheRomanEmpire.中國(guó)東漢時(shí)期，甘英奉命出使，“臨西海以望大秦”，ThisisthefirstofficialrecordofChineseenvoysreachingArabstatesoftheGulf.留下中國(guó)使者到達(dá)海灣阿拉伯國(guó)家的最早官方記載。Morethan1,200yearsago,anArabnavigator,AbuObeida,sailedfromSoharPorttotheChinesecityofGuangzhouonalegendaryjourneythatwaslateradaptedtotheexcitingandwell-knownadventuresofSindbad.1200多年前，阿拉伯航海家?jiàn)W貝德從蘇哈爾港出發(fā)到達(dá)中國(guó)廣州，這段傳奇經(jīng)歷被演繹成精彩的辛巴達(dá)歷險(xiǎn)故事，膾炙人口。Inthe1980s,areplicashipnamedtheSoharretracedtherouteopenedbyancientArabnavigators,connectingthepastandpresentfriendlyinteractionsbetweenthetwosides.上世紀(jì)80年代，仿古制造的“蘇哈爾”號(hào)重走古代阿拉伯航海家開(kāi)辟的航路，連通雙方友好交往的歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)。

ChinaandSaudiArabiahaveadmiredeachotherandconductedfriendlyexchangessinceancienttimes.自古以來(lái)，中國(guó)和沙特相互欣賞、友好往來(lái)。TheprophetMuhammadsaid,"SeekknowledgeevenifyouhavetogoasfarasChina."先知穆罕默德曾說(shuō)：“知識(shí)，雖遠(yuǎn)在中國(guó)，亦當(dāng)求之”。Sevenhundredyearsago,WangDayuan,aChinesetraveleroftheYuanDynasty,arrivedatMeccawhichhedescribedasaplacewithbeautifulsceneries,mildweather,fertilericefields,andahappypeopleinhisbookABriefAccountofIslands.ItwasanimportantbookfromwhichtheChineselearnedaboutSaudiArabiaatthattime.700年前，中國(guó)元代汪大淵曾到達(dá)麥加，描繪麥加“風(fēng)景融合，四時(shí)之春，田沃稻饒，居民樂(lè)業(yè)”，他的《島夷志略》成為中國(guó)了解古代沙特的重要文獻(xiàn)。Sixhundredyearsago,ZhengHe,aChinesenavigatoroftheMingDynasty,reachedJeddahandMedinaonhisoceangoingvoyages,leavingbehindhimmanystoriesoffriendshipandexchangesthatarestillwidelytoldtoday.600年前，中國(guó)明代航海家鄭和多次遠(yuǎn)航到達(dá)吉達(dá)、麥地那等地，傳播友好、增進(jìn)交流，至今為人們樂(lè)道。ThejointChinese-SaudiarchaeologicalexcavationoftheruinsofthealSerrianportconductedinrecentyearshasunearthedmanyporcelainwaresofChina'sSongandYuandynasties.Theystandastestamentstoallthosefriendlyinteractions.過(guò)去幾年，中沙聯(lián)合開(kāi)展塞林港遺址考古，出土的大量中國(guó)宋代、元代瓷器訴說(shuō)著兩國(guó)友好的過(guò)往。Second,solidarityandcooperationforaChina-Arabcommunitywithasharedfutureinthenewera二、團(tuán)結(jié)合作，構(gòu)建面向新時(shí)代的中阿命運(yùn)共同體TheArabworldisanimportantmemberofthedevelopingworldandakeyforceforupholdinginternationalfairnessandjustice.阿拉伯世界是發(fā)展中國(guó)家重要成員，是維護(hù)國(guó)際公平正義的重要力量。TheArabpeoplevalueindependence,opposeexternalinterference,standuptopowerpoliticsandhigh-handedness,andalwaysseektomakeprogress.阿拉伯人民崇尚獨(dú)立自主，反對(duì)外部干涉，不畏強(qiáng)權(quán)霸道，是追求進(jìn)步的人民。Arabstatesareendowedwithdiverseresources,andhavebuiltindustrieswithdistinctivefeatures,scoredremarkableachievementsindevelopment,anddemonstratedenormouspotentials.阿拉伯國(guó)家資源稟賦多元，產(chǎn)業(yè)特色鮮明，建設(shè)成就斐然，是極具潛力的國(guó)家。TheArabcivilizationadvocatesthemiddlewayandmoderation,encouragesinclusivenessandmutuallearning,opposesclashofcivilizations,andisdeeplyrootedinitsrichcultureandhistory.阿拉伯文明倡導(dǎo)中道平和，鼓勵(lì)包容互鑒，反對(duì)文明沖突，是底蘊(yùn)深厚的文明。Beitontheworldpolitical,economicorculturalmap,Arabstatesalwaysclaimanimportantplace.在世界政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文明版圖中，阿拉伯國(guó)家占據(jù)重要地位。Sincethe1950s,ChinahasestablisheddiplomaticrelationswithallArabstates.Theirinteractionsfeaturemutualunderstanding,mutualrespect,mutualassistanceandsolidarity.Theyhavebecomegoodfriendstreatingeachotherasequals,goodpartnerspursuingmutualbenefit,andgoodbrotherssharingwealandwoe.上世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái)，中國(guó)同阿拉伯國(guó)家陸續(xù)建交，雙方相互理解、相互尊重、守望相助、風(fēng)雨同舟，成為平等相待的好朋友、互惠互利的好伙伴、同甘共苦的好兄弟。

Inthe21stcentury,China-Arabrelationshavecontinuedtomoveaheadagainstafluidinternationallandscape,andachievedhistoricleapfroggrowthinpoliticaltrust,mutuallybeneficialeconomiccooperation,andculturalmutuallearninginbothbreadthanddepth.進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，中阿關(guān)系在國(guó)際風(fēng)云變幻中砥礪前進(jìn)，政治互信、經(jīng)濟(jì)互利、文明互鑒的廣度和深度實(shí)現(xiàn)歷史性跨越。Inthepastdecade,China-Arabrelationsenteredaneweraandregisteredaseriesoflandmarkandgroundbreakingachievementsinvariousareas.過(guò)去10年，中阿關(guān)系進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，各領(lǐng)域取得一系列標(biāo)志性、突破性成就。Collectively,Chinahasestablishedafuture-orientedstrategicpartnershipofcomprehensivecooperationandcommondevelopmentwithallArabstates.中國(guó)同阿拉伯國(guó)家集體建立全面合作、共同發(fā)展、面向未來(lái)的戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，Individually,Chinahasestablishedcomprehensivestrategicpartnershiporstrategicpartnershipwith12Arabstates,同12個(gè)阿拉伯國(guó)家建立全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系或戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，andsigneddocumentsonBeltandRoadcooperationwith20Arabstates.同20個(gè)阿拉伯國(guó)家簽署共建“一帶一路”合作文件。AmongArabcountries,17haveexpressedsupportfortheGlobalDevelopmentInitiative(GDI),17個(gè)阿拉伯國(guó)家支持全球發(fā)展倡議，15havebecomemembersoftheAsianInfrastructureInvestmentBank,15個(gè)阿拉伯國(guó)家成為亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行成員國(guó)，and14