GrammarTheRestrictiveandNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause

Shehastwobrotherswhoareworkinginthecity.她有兩個(gè)在這個(gè)城市工作的弟弟。(Shehasmorethantwobrothers.)b)Shehastwobrothers,whoareworkinginthecity.她有兩個(gè)弟弟,他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市工作。(Shehasonlytwobrothers.)品味一“翻”下面兩個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)逗號(hào)之差,意義大相徑庭。Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不會(huì)穿一些使他顯得與眾不同的衣服。b)Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不穿衣服,這會(huì)使他顯得與眾不同。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成：+,+關(guān)系詞先行詞Shehastwobrothers,(whoareworkinginthecity).+其他部分非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的指代關(guān)系指人指物在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用WhoWhomWhichwhose√√主語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)√√√賓語(yǔ)指代整個(gè)主句關(guān)系副詞(where,when)的指代關(guān)系指地點(diǎn)指時(shí)間在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用WhereWhen√√時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)that,why不能在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中使用。tip介詞+which限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ),如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞?？墒÷浴Ｈ?Torontoisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.多倫多是我常想去參觀的一個(gè)城市。2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對(duì)先行詞作些附加的說(shuō)明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),不用that引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系詞不可省略。如：Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.意大利的首都羅馬歷史非常悠久。b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.昨天我遇見(jiàn)金教授,他從倫敦大學(xué)來(lái)的。3.大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ),而有時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句,此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常由which引導(dǎo)。eg.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一個(gè)中年女子殺害了其丈夫,這事令我十分恐懼。eg.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一個(gè)五歲的男孩會(huì)講兩門外語(yǔ),令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到非常驚訝。

Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldier

alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué).(意含:她還有其他哥哥)比較下列句子:2.Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的,他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。(意含:她只有一個(gè)哥哥)當(dāng)我們做非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的練習(xí)時(shí),確定先行詞,分析先行詞在從句中的作用,對(duì)關(guān)系詞加以選擇。整理一番品讀規(guī)律Tomfoundtheancientbook,whichwasbroken.Asissaidinthenewspaper,twofarmerssawtheUFOinthefield.Ilikethehouse,whosewindowsfacethesea.先行詞指物,在從句中做主或賓語(yǔ),用關(guān)系詞which,不能用thatAs引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,可放在主句之前，也可放在主句后面。先行詞在從句做定語(yǔ),用關(guān)系詞whoseAllthatglittersisnotgold,aseveryoneknows.介詞+關(guān)系代詞,介詞的選用,要根據(jù)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成。PeoplewillrememberAugust8th,2008,when29thOlympicGameswasheldinBeijing.先行詞在從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),用when或介詞+which。Cindyisalovelygirl,with

whommanypeopleliketomakefriends.

As

在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，可指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，并有“正如、像……一樣”的含義，其位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面。而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后，且無(wú)“正如”之意。Asweallknow,heisafamousscientist.Asiswellknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.常與as連用的詞有know,see,expect,pointout

等。試比較下面兩個(gè)句子。

Hewentabroad,__________wasexpected.Hewentabroad,__________wasunexpected.aswhich當(dāng)從句是否定句或表示否定意義時(shí)，只能用which引導(dǎo)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從句與先行詞的關(guān)系從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果省去，主句的意思就會(huì)不完整或不明確。從句只是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整標(biāo)

志從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)從句和主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)關(guān)系代詞指人who(that)whom指物which(that)人和物的whose關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省去指人who（作主語(yǔ)）whom（做賓語(yǔ)）指物which人和物的whose關(guān)系代詞一般不可省修飾從句只修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞可以修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞也可修飾整個(gè)主句翻譯定語(yǔ)從句譯在被修飾詞的前面定語(yǔ)從句通常被譯成另一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子小試牛刀篇non-restrictiveattributiveclausecompetition

Hangzhouisabeautifulcity,_____________peoplevisitthefamousWestLake.2.Beijing,_________isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,________isapopstar.ExerciseswhichAswhowhere/inwhich5.Ishouldthankmyteacher,with______help,Isolvedtheproblem.6.HeonceworkedontheBird’sNest,___________hissonisproud.whoseofwhich習(xí)慣篇開(kāi)心十分篇non-restrictiveattributiveclauseShewasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,_____madetheothersunhappy.whichB.whoC.thisD.what2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.whichB.whenC.thatD.whereA

D

練一練3.Thegentleman______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom4.Pleasetakeanyseat____isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.thatB

D

5.Theoldmanhastwosons,_______isasoldier.A.oneofwhomB.bothofthemC.allofwhomD.noneofthem6.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-scrapers(摩天大樓),_____hasmorethan100storeys.A.thehigherofthemB.thehighestofwhichC.thehighestofthemD.someofwhichA

B

7.Theboy______compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which8.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itB

B9.Idon'tliketheway_____youspeaktoher.A./B.thatC.inwhichD.AllA,B,andC10._____isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30year’stime.A.WhatB.ThatC.AsD.ItD

C

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