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ReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:WhenKathieGifford’sfacewassplashedacrossthenewspapersin1996afterherlucrativelineofWalmartclothingwasexposedastheworkofunderpaidlaborersinNewYorkCity’sChinat(yī)own,theDepartmentofLaborandtheWhiteHouseteameduptocondemnsuchpractices.Withmuchfanfare,PresidentClinton’sadministrationlaunchedthe“NoSweat”campaign,whichpressuredretailersandmanufacturerstosubmittoperiodicindependentinspectionoftheirworkplaceconditions.;ThiscampaignurgedmanufacturerstosigntheWorkplaceCodeofConduct,apromisetoselfregulatethathassincebeenadoptedbyahandfulofretailersandmanyofthenation’slargestmanufacturers,includingNikeandL.L.Bean.However,theDepartmentofDefense,whichhasa$1billiongarmentbusinessthatwouldmakeitthecountry’s14thlargestretailappareloutlet,hasnotsignedtheCodeofConduct.Inaddition,ithasnotagreedtodemandthatitscontractorssubmittoperiodicinspections.;BecausetheDepartmentofDefensehasnotagreedtoadheretothecode,thejobofstoppingpublicsectorsweatshopsfallstotheDepartmentofLabor.Federalcontractorsthatpersistinviolatingwagelawsorsafetyandhealthcodescanlosetheirlucrativetaxpayerfinancedcontracts.ButSuzanneSeiden,adeputyadministratorattheDepartmentofLabor,saysthattoherknowledge,thedepartmenthasneverappliedthatruletogovernmentapparelmanufacturers.“Ijustassumethat(yī)theyareadheringtosafetyandhealthrequirements,”shesays.AccordingtorecordsobtainedbyMotherJones,throughaFreedomofInformat(yī)ionActrequest,theOccupat(yī)ionalSafetyandHealthAdministrationhascitedLion32timesforsafetyandhealthviolationsinthepast12years.21.Whatisthispassgagemainlyconcernedwith?A)ThefunctionsoftheDepartmentofLaborinAmerica.B)AseriousproblemthreateningAmericaneconomy.C)ThesuccessfulattemptofregulatingsweatshopsinA(yù)merica.D)Theseriousnessoftheproblemofsweat(yī)shopsinAmerica.22.Accordingtothepassage,KathieGifford__(dá)__.A)wasoneoftheunderpaidlaborersinNewYorkCity’sChinatownB)wasoneofthewellpaidlaborersinNewYorkCity’sChinatownC)mademuchmoneyfromcheaplaborersinNewYorkCity’sChinatownD)wroteanewspaperarticleexposingthepracticeofemployingcheaplaborers23.Theunderlinedphrase“tosubmitto”isclosestinmeaningto____.A)toacceptunwillinglyB)torefusecoldlyC)towelcomewarmheartedlyD)toblamestrongly24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheDepartmentofDefenseistrue?A)Itwillbecomethecountry’s14thlargestretailapparelmanufacturer.B)Ithasn’tactedaccordingtotheWorkplaceCodeofConduct.C)IthasdemandeditscontractorstosigntheWorkplaceCodeofConduct.D)IthasteamedupwiththeDepartmentofLabortolaunchacampaign.25.WhatwasthepurposeofPresidentClinton’sadministrationlaunchingthe“NoSweat”campaign?A)TourgemanufacturerstoobeytheWorkplaceCodeofConduct.B)ToremindthemanufacturersoftheWorkplaceCodeofConduct.C)TourgetheDepartmentofLabortotakeitsresponsibility.D)TourgetheDepartmentofDefensetoinspectmanufacturers.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Theterminvestmentportfolioconjuresupvisionsofthetrulyrich-theRockefellers,theWalMartWaltons,BillGates.Buttoday,everyone-fromthePhiladelphiafirefighter,hisparttimereceptionistwifeandtheirthreechildren,tothesingleLosAngeleslawyerstartingoutonhisown-needsaportfolio.;Aportfolioissimplyacollectionoffinancialassets.Itmayincluderealestate,rarestampsandcoins,preciousmetalsandevenartworks.Butthoseareforpeoplewithexpertise.Whatmostofusneedtoknowaboutarestocks,bondsandcash(includingsuchcashequivalentsasmoneymarketfunds).;Howdoyoudecidewhat(yī)partofyourportfolioshouldgotoeachofthebigthree?Beginbyunderstandingthatstockspayhigherreturnsbutaremorerisky;bondsandcashpaylowerreturnsbutarelessrisky.;ResearchbyIbbotsonAssociates,forexample,showsthatlargecompanystocks,onaverage,havereturned11.2percentannuallysince1926.Overthesameperiod,bycomparison,bondshavereturnedanannualaverageof5.3percentandcash,3.8percent.;Butshorttermriskisanothermat(yī)ter.In1974,aoneyear$1000investmentinthestockmarketwouldhavedeclinedto$735.;Withbonds,therearetwokindsofrisk:thattheborrowerwon’tpayyoubackandthat(yī)themoneyyou’llgetwon’tbeworthverymuch.TheU.S.governmentstandsbehindtreasurybonds,sothecreditriskisalmostnil.Buttheinflationriskremains.Sayyoubuya$1000bondmaturingintenyears.Ifinflationaveragesaboutsevenpercentoverthat(yī)time,thenthe$1000youreceiveatmaturitycanonlybuy$500worthoftoday’sgoods.;Withcash,theinflationriskislower,sinceoveralongperiodyoucankeeprollingoveryourCDseveryyear(ormoreoften).Ifinflationrises,interestratesrisetocompensate.;Asaresult,thesinglemostimortantruleinbuildingaportfolioisthis:Ifyoudon’tneedthemoneyforalongtime,thenputitintostocks.Ifyouneeditsoon,putitintobondsandcash.26.Thispassageisintendedtogiveadviceon____.A)howtoavoidinflationrisksB)what(yī)kindsofbondstobuyC)howtogetrichbyinvestinginstockmarketD)howtobecomericherbyspreadingtherisk27.TheauthormentionssuchmillionairesastheRockefellersandBillGat(yī)estoshowthat____.A)theyareexamplesforusonourroadtowealthB)aportfolioisessentialtofinancialsuccessC)theyarereallyrichpeopleD)theystartedoutontheirown28.Whichofthefollowingstat(yī)ementswilltheauthorsupport?A)Everybodycangetrichwithsomefinancialassets.B)Thecreditriskfortreasurybondsisextremelyhigh.C)It’snousetryingtoknowtheadvantagesofstocks,bondsandcash.D)Everybodyshouldrealizetheimportanceofdistributionoftheirfinancialassets.29.Theword“returns”inparagraphthreecanbebestreplacedby“___(dá)_.”A)returningjourneysB)profitsC)savingsD)investments30.Theauthorofthepassagepointsoutthat__(dá)__(dá).A)keepingcashistheonlywaytoavoidrisksB)thelongeryouownastock,themoreyoulostC)thehighrateofprofitandhighrateofriskcoexistinstocksD)thebestwaytoaccumulatewealthisbyinvestinginstocksPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstat(yī)isticscomefromthesameLatinroot,stat(yī)us)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmat(yī)hematicstoincreasehisskillat(yī)playingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,stat(yī)istics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefat(yī)hercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.;Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedat(yī)amanyrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreducingtocomprehensiblyformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.;Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstat(yī)istics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficiencytoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccurat(yī)elyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?A)Developmentandapplicationofstat(yī)istics.B)Originofdescriptivestatistics.C)Limitationsofinferentialstat(yī)istics.D)Importanceofstatistics.32.Describingandtabulat(yī)ingareassociatedwith____.A)inferentialstatisticsB)descriptivestat(yī)isticsC)theoriesofprobabilityD)inefficiencyofcounting33.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutdescriptivestatistics?A)Itcombinesquantitativevariablesandqualitat(yī)ivevariables.B)Itcanbeusedtodealwithonlyquantitativevariables.C)Ithelpstosummarizepropertiesofagroupofdata.D)Ithelpstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.34.Theword“unwieldy”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto____.A)difficulttocollectB)difficulttotackleC)incomprehensiveD)uncontrollable35.Asampleofapopulationisoftenexaminedforthefollowingpurposesexcept____.A)tomakeamoreaccuratepredictionoftrendB)toimproveefficiencyandavoidunnecessaryworkC)tosavethetroubleofapproachingeverymembersD)topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulationPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:TheJapanesearefascinatedbyautomataandnewinventions.Japanesechildrenareusedtofriendlyrobotsintheircomics,intoys,andinTVanimatedcartoons.Whenasadultstheyjointheworkforce,robotsmeanthatthereisnoneedtoimportcheapforeignlabor,ashappensinmanyotherpartsoftheworld.Thereisnoneedforhumanstoputupwithdirty,minddeadeningmechanicalworktherobotdoesitallwithoutcomplaint,aroundtheclock.Robotsdon’tgoonstrikeoverteabreakstheydon’thavetea,oranyotherkindofbreaks:theywork,dayandnight,withouthavingtobepaidovertime,withoutmakingmistakes.Humantasksaresubjecttohumanerror:roboterrorseldomorneveroccursexceptasaresultofhumanerror??;InJapan,robotsarealmostrespectedfortheirvirtues.Whenanewrobotisintroducedtoasmallsuburbanfactory,aShintopriestisinvitedtoinaugurateit.Heinaugurat(yī)estherobotwithwordsalongthelinesof“Welcometoourcoworker,wehopeyou’llhelphimsettlein.”Noonelaughs.;FANUCdemonstratestheJapanesetendencytoconformparticularlystrikingly.ThefounderofFANUC,Dr.Inaba,hascreatedanarmythat(yī)makesnodistinctionbetweenbluecollar,whitecollarandsteelcollarworker:everyone,includingthewarlordhimself,isdressedinyellowclothingissuedfreebythecompany.Perhapstomakeupfortheboringnatureofthework,thereareanumberofothercompanyperks.Companybenefits,includingpay,aremuchhigherthaninsimilarcompaniesinJapan.Traveltoandfromworkisprovidedfreeinthecompany’syellowbuses.However,workersareexpectedtoputindemandingunpaid“overtime.”Thereisaclockintheproductdevelopmentlaborat(yī)orysettorunattentimesthenormalspeed,theremindeveryonethatthecompanyisonawarfooting.;AswewatchedDr.Inaba’syellowhelicoptersoarawaytoNaritaairport,wecouldn’thelpthinkingthathisdreamofworlddominationinroboticsandalliedapplicat(yī)ionsmightbemoreelegantlyachievedifhehadalsothoughttoprogramhisrobotstowhistlewhiletheywork.36.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisnottruetotheJapanese?A)Robotsmeanthereisnoneedtoimportcheapforeignlabor.B)Robotsmeanthathumansneedn’tdodirtyandnoisywork.C)Robotsmeantherearenostrikesnorovertimes.D)Robotsmeanthereisnomistakeinanyform.37.Whatcanbeinferredformthewords“Heinauguratestherobotwithwordsalongthelinesof‘Welcometoourcoworker,wehopeyou’llhelphimsettlein.’Noonelaughs.”?A)TheJapanesehasnosenseofhumorwhileatwork.B)TheJapanesedoesnotunderstandthewordsoftheShintopriest.C)TheJapaneseshowsatruerespectforrobots.D)TheJapanesegoestoofarintheirrespectforrobots.38.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutFANUC?A)Wo(hù)rkersreceivehigherpayforworkingovertime.B)Workersenjoyfretoandfromwork.C)Workersaredoingboring,sometimesdemandingwork.D)Workersareremindedofbeingonawarfooting.39.Whatisnotimpliedinthefollowingworks“wecouldn’thelpthinkingthathisdreamofworlddominationinroboticsandalliedapplicationsmightbemoreelegantlyachievedifhehadalsothoughttoprogramhisrobotstowhistlewhiletheywork.”?A)OurtechnologyisnotyetuptotheneedsofDr.Inaba’sdream.B)Dr.Inaba’sdreamofworlddominationinroboticslackshumanity.C)Dr.Inaba’sdreamofalliedapplicationsistoopractical.D)TheauthorisinfavorofDr.Inaba’sdream.40.Whatdoes“ourcoworker”refertointhesentence“Welcometoourcoworker,wehopeyou’llhelphimsettlein?”A)Japaneseworkerswhoattendtheinauguration.B)Troducedrobot.C)Thepeoplewhohaveinventedtherobot.D)Japaneseworkersingeneral.PartⅤWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:HowtoCopewithPersonalCrisis.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsapositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:HowtoDealwithPersonalCrisis1.導(dǎo)致個人危機的起因。2.應(yīng)對個人危機的方法。答案與詳解PartⅡPassageOne內(nèi)容概要:本文講述了美國“工作場合操作規(guī)范”誕生的背景和實行情況。1996年,美國一些地方和部門的低收入工人抗議血汗工廠,隨后克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運動,規(guī)定零售商和制造商簽署《工作場合操作規(guī)范》。可是國防部拒絕執(zhí)行;美國勞工部作為政府部門,卻稱重要規(guī)定制造商們遵守安全和衛(wèi)生規(guī)定。21.【答案】D。【譯文】這篇文章重要講述什么?【試題分析】歸納概括題(Summingupandsummarizing),這種試題規(guī)定學(xué)生能把握文章的總體,并真正理解主題和中心大意?!揪唧w解答】文章從開始就講述眾多的低收入工人集體抗議工作條件,導(dǎo)致KathieGifford的服裝廠被曝光;于是克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運動,可是國防部拒絕簽署《工作場合操作規(guī)范》,勞工部卻稱該部門重要規(guī)定制造商們遵守安全和衛(wèi)生規(guī)定??梢娒绹块T對于血汗工廠的問題存有分歧,也難以解決。所以文章的中心大意是美國血汗工廠的問題目前最嚴(yán)重的地方是美國政府對此的態(tài)度不夠統(tǒng)一和堅決。A)太偏,不是講美國勞工部的職能;B)太泛,沒有指明哪個問題,也不一定威脅到美國的經(jīng)濟;C)與文章意思相反,美國規(guī)范血汗工廠的努力并沒有成功。D)最符合文章主題。22.【答案】C。【譯文】根據(jù)本文,KathieGifford___(dá)_?【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題(Understandingdetails)。這類題一般只針對文章中某一個特定的細(xì)節(jié),也可以涉及若干個細(xì)節(jié),或者針對文章的重要事實而設(shè)問?!揪唧w解答】見文章第一句話“WhenKathieGifford...condemnsuchpractices.”,KathieGifford的高利潤的服裝廠曝光了,之后她于1996年在報紙上被廣泛報道。所以C)為對的答案。A)和B)與本句意思不符,她不是一名工人;D)說她寫文章報道此事,也不對。23.【答案】A。【譯文】與劃線短語“tosubmitto”意思最接近的是下列哪一項?【試題分析】猜測詞義題(Guessingatwordmeaning)。即運用一些猜測生詞詞義的方法,猜測生詞的含義,以提高閱讀速度和理解能力?!揪唧w解答】可以對上下文已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯的推理。前面講到克林頓發(fā)起的“無血汗”運動勒令零售商和制造商對車間環(huán)境進(jìn)行定期檢查,他們肯定是不情愿的,但這是總統(tǒng)的命令,所以他們就“不情愿地接受”。B)“冷冷地拒絕”;C)“熱烈地歡迎”;D)“強烈地譴責(zé)”均與上下文意思不符。24.【答案】B。【譯文】下列關(guān)于國防部的陳述哪一項是對的的?【試題分析】分析判斷題(Makingananalysisandajudgment)。即根據(jù)文章中提供的事實,通過度析、思考做出這樣或那樣的判斷選擇?!揪唧w解答】這類題需要事先通讀全文,理解全文主旨,特別是關(guān)于國防部的內(nèi)容;然后再將四個選項進(jìn)行比較,用排除法。A)國防部是美國第14大零售服裝制造商,這與文章中retailappareloutlet(零售服裝批發(fā)商店)不符;B)它沒有按照《工作場合操作規(guī)范》行事,這與文章中hasnotsignedthecodeofconduct正好相符;C)它規(guī)定承包商簽署《工作場合操作規(guī)范》,這與文章中ithasnotagreedtodemandthatitscontractorssubmittoperiodicinspections.相反;D)它規(guī)定勞工部發(fā)起一場運動,文章中沒有提及。所以,對比分析可得知B為對的答案。25.【答案】A?!咀g文】克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運動的目的是什么?【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解中的詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題。這種題經(jīng)常是原文有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換,而不能在原文中直接找到。它規(guī)定考生能理解原文中某個短語或句子的含義,從而找到與答案意思相同的詞語和句子?!揪唧w解答】文章第一段最后一句話“withmuchfanfare,...,theirworkplaceconditions.”是說,克林頓政府借此小題大做,以勒令制造商們對車間環(huán)境進(jìn)行定期檢查。關(guān)鍵詞有pressure(強制,壓迫,勒令),tosubmitto(屈服,服從)。第二段第一句話“thiscampaignurgedmanufacturerstosigntheConduct.”更加直接說明了這場運動的目的,即讓他們簽署并執(zhí)行這一規(guī)范。故A)為對的答案。PassageTwo內(nèi)容概要:本文介紹了大眾化投資的三種渠道,并分析了每種渠道的基本特性和合用對象。第一種是股票投資,回報豐厚,但風(fēng)險較大;第二種是債券投資,回報稍少,但風(fēng)險也較小,重要風(fēng)險是借債人不還和通貨膨脹;第三種是投資鈔票,回報較少,通貨膨脹影響也較小?;驹瓌t是:假如你長期不需要用錢,就投資股票;假如你短期內(nèi)要用錢,就投資債券和鈔票。26.【答案】D。【譯文】文章的目的是給____(dá)提供建議?【試題分析】歸納概括題。需要考生總結(jié)歸納短文(段落)的主題(subject),中心思想(mainidea),標(biāo)題(title)或作者的寫作目的(purpose)。【具體解答】通讀全文后可知,本文重要介紹了投資的三種渠道,并分析了每種渠道的利弊(即風(fēng)險限度),如何減少風(fēng)險來投資致富,即D所指“如何減少風(fēng)險來致富”。A)“如何避免通貨膨脹風(fēng)險”,過于片面;B)“買入哪種債券”,不是文章的主題;C)“如何通過投資股票市場致富”,也過于片面。所以D)為對的答案,可以概括文章中心思想。27.【答案】D?!咀g文】作者提及洛克菲勒、比爾蓋茨這樣的百萬富翁是想說明____?【試題分析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章某一部分內(nèi)容推理出作者的言外之意。需要找準(zhǔn)、讀懂這部分內(nèi)容,并分析與文章其它部分之間的聯(lián)系和作用?!揪唧w解答】第一段最后一句話,“Buttoday,...,startingoutonhisownneedsaportfolio.”這是講的今天每個人都可以根據(jù)自己的需要進(jìn)行證券投資;推到前面一句,那么前面提及的百萬富翁也都是根據(jù)自己的需要開始證券投資而致富的。A)“他們是我們邁向致富之路的楷?!?不具體,沒有說明如何致富;B)“證券投資對于經(jīng)濟成功很關(guān)鍵”,這句話自身是對的的,但與第一段表達(dá)的意思不一致;C)“他們的確很富?!?,也不是第一段所想要表達(dá)的意思。D)“他們是從自己開始做起的”,這正是第一段所要表達(dá)的意思,即這些百萬富翁是從自己做起開始致富的,而現(xiàn)在每個人都可以這樣做,緊接著引入下面的投資指南。28.【答案】D?!咀g文】作者贊同下列哪一項陳述?【試題分析】分析判斷題??忌M量考慮文中的所有信息或事實,在通盤理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上去分析每個選項的正誤?!揪唧w解答】這類題應(yīng)在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上,著重比較四個選項,采用排除法。A)“只要有一些財產(chǎn),每個人都可以致富”,憑常識判斷這句話自身就不對,更與作者想要介紹投資渠道的必要性和方法相悖;B)“購買國債的信譽風(fēng)險極高”,這句話與“TheU.S.governmentstandsbehindTreasurybonds,sothecreditriskisalmostnil.”意思完全相反;C)“了解股票、債券和鈔票的優(yōu)勢并無用處”,這與作者的觀點相反;D)“每個人都應(yīng)當(dāng)意識到金融財產(chǎn)重新分派的重要性?!边@正是第一段作者所說的“每個人都可以根據(jù)自己的需要采用不同的投資方式致富”的前提。故選D)。29.【答案】B?!咀g文】第三段中的“returns”可以由以下哪個詞替代?【試題分析】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)上下文來猜測生詞的含義?!揪唧w解答】該詞自身的意思是“回來,回報”,再看句子“stockspayhigherreturnsbutaremorerisky.”是說股票有更高的回報,但風(fēng)險更大;我們憑常識判斷,股票的回報就是“賺錢,利潤”。比較四個選項,B)profits(利潤)對的。30.【答案】C?!咀g文】文章的作者指出____【試題分析】分析判斷題。比較四個選項,看哪一個符合作者的意思?!揪唧w解答】“作者指出”可以是文章中直接提到的,也可以是作者的言外之意,要結(jié)合文章判斷四個選項自身是否對的。A)“保存鈔票是避免風(fēng)險的唯一方式”,作者鼓勵合理投資,顯然這不是作者意思;B)“你持有股票越久,你損失越大?!边@句話自身有誤,文章中也沒有提及;C)“高利潤和高風(fēng)險在股票市場中同時存在”,這正是第三段中“stockspayhigherreturnsbutaremorerisky.”意思,所以對的;D)“積累財富最佳的方式是投資股票”,作者在文章最后明確指出“假如你長期不需要用錢,就投資股票;假如你短期要用,就投資債券和鈔票?!彼栽擁椧膊粚Φ摹assageThree內(nèi)容概要:本文介紹了兩種基本記錄方法的發(fā)展及它們的應(yīng)用。第一種是描述性記錄方法,涉及計算、測量、列表、排序、描述以及調(diào)查,既可記錄數(shù)量也可記錄質(zhì)量;第二種是推理記錄方法,重要是抽樣分析,然后推而廣之,得出結(jié)論。31.【答案】A?!咀g文】本文重要講述什么?【試題分析】典型的歸納概括題,規(guī)定考生歸納總結(jié)文章的中心思想?!揪唧w解答】一方面細(xì)想一下全文的內(nèi)容概要,再看四個選項。A)“記錄學(xué)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用”,正是文章所講的重要內(nèi)容;B)“描述性記錄”的起源,只說了文章中很小的一個方面;C)“推理記錄方法的局限性”,文章中沒有提及;D)“記錄的重要性”,不是本文的重點。綜合比較,A)對的。32.【答案】B?!咀g文】描述和列表與____相關(guān)?【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。找到文章中相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,理解其含義,然后做答?!揪唧w解答】從文章的第二段可以得知,描述和列表是描述性記錄方法的兩種形式。再看四個選項。A)“推理性記錄”,沒有任何關(guān)系;B)“描述性記錄”,正好相關(guān);C)“也許性理論”,從第一段末可知,該理論是用于推理性記錄的;D)“計算的無效”,與文章內(nèi)容不符。故選B)。33.【答案】C。【譯文】關(guān)于描述性記錄下列哪一個陳述是對的的?【試題分析】分析判斷題。對比分析,存真去偽?!揪唧w解答】仔細(xì)比較四個選項。A)“它將數(shù)量變量和質(zhì)量變量結(jié)合起來了”,這誤解了第二段中第二句話“either...or...”句型,要么是數(shù)量變量,要么是質(zhì)量變量;B)“它只能用來解決數(shù)量變量”,也與上面句型含義相悖;C)“它有助于總結(jié)一組數(shù)據(jù)的特性”,這正是第二段最后一句話“Largemassesofdata...thepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.”的含義;D)“它有助于使用觀測抽樣進(jìn)行預(yù)測”,這是推理性記錄。所以選C)。34.【答案】B?!咀g文】與第二段中“unwieldy”單詞意思最接近的是__(dá)__【試題分析】猜測詞義題。通過上下文的含義猜測生詞的詞義,將四個選項分別放到原句子中去比較也不失為一種好辦法?!揪唧w解答】第二段最后一句話“Largemassesofdata...thepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.”的意思是說,大量的數(shù)據(jù)群必須要有一個總結(jié)或減收的過程,以從也許是亂七八糟的數(shù)據(jù)群中找出其特性,關(guān)鍵詞是otherwise,表達(dá)前后有個對比。可見后面提及的unwieldymassofdata是難以解決的數(shù)據(jù)。再看四個選項:A)“難以收集”,文章沒有提收集;B)“難以解決”,與上下文正好相符;C)“不可理解的”,前面說將它們整理成容易理解的形式,可見它們還是“可以理解的”;D)“不可控制的”,與句意不符。故選B)。35.【答案】A?!咀g文】人口抽樣經(jīng)常用于下列目的,哪一項除外?【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。找到文章中關(guān)于人口抽樣的內(nèi)容,再進(jìn)行比較選擇。但要注意選的是除外的那一項?!揪唧w解答】文章最后一段講到抽樣100個小孩來進(jìn)行分析預(yù)測。A)“進(jìn)行更加準(zhǔn)確的趨勢預(yù)測”,抽樣自身就不也許是為了更加“準(zhǔn)確”,所以A錯,應(yīng)當(dāng)選A。B)“提高效率,避免不必要工作”,這正是抽樣的作用;C)“省去找每個成員的麻煩”,這也正是人口抽樣的優(yōu)勢;D)“預(yù)測全體人群的特性”,正是人口抽樣的目的。所以選A)。PassageFour內(nèi)容概要:本文介紹了機器人在日本的迅速發(fā)展和廣泛應(yīng)用。機器人在實際工作崗位上可以替代工人完畢大量的工作,并表現(xiàn)出諸多的優(yōu)勢。正由于機器人的優(yōu)點,日本人通常要舉行隆重的典禮歡迎機器人投入工廠作業(yè)。日本著名的機器人專家伊納巴博士發(fā)明了大量機器人,正夢想著統(tǒng)治全世界的機器人行業(yè)。36.【答案】B。【譯文】根據(jù)作者的觀點,下列哪一項對于日本人來講是不對的的?【試題分析】分析判斷題。通讀全文,并仔細(xì)比較四個選項;但要注意選擇不對的的那一項。【具體解答】在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上,比較四個選項。A)是第一段第三句話的原話,所以對的;B)“機器人意味著人們不必從事骯臟和吵鬧的工作”,與第一段第四句話含義有所區(qū)別,原文是說,有了機器人人們就沒有必要“忍受(putupwith)骯臟、吵鬧的工作,所以B與原文意思不完全一致;C)和D)也是文章中所提及的。相比較,A)、C)和D)都是文章中的原話,只有B)不符原意。故選B。37.【答案】C?!咀g文】“他在為機器人舉行典禮典禮時,說這樣的話‘歡迎光顧我們的這位同事,我們希望你能幫助他安頓下來?!瘺]有一個人笑”,從這句話可以推斷出什么?【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。理解這句話的含義,然后推理出其中的深層含義,可進(jìn)行比較選擇。【具體解答】這句話是對上帝說的。在場的人都很肅穆,沒有一個人笑,說明日本人在這種場合表現(xiàn)出虔誠,這是對機器人的一種尊敬。四個選項中,C)最符合原意。日本人不笑并不能說明他們沒有風(fēng)趣感,也不是沒有聽懂牧師的話,他們的尊敬也沒有過頭,所以A)、B)、D)均不符題意。38.【答案】A?!咀g文】下列關(guān)于FANUC的陳述哪一個不對的?【試題分析】分析判斷題?!揪唧w解答】文章倒數(shù)第二段中提到FANUC,這是日本一家專門研制機器人的公司。A)“工人們在加班時會有更高的回報”,可是文章中有一句話:“However,workersareexpectedtoputindemandingunpaidovertime.”這種overtime是unpaid(沒有報酬的),所A不對的。B)、C)、D)選項均為文章中的原話。故選A)。39.【答案】A?!咀g文】“我們禁不住這樣認(rèn)為,假如他也想到將他的機器人設(shè)計為邊工作邊吹口哨,那么他統(tǒng)治全世界機器人行業(yè)和相關(guān)應(yīng)用的夢想就會更加嫻雅地實現(xiàn)。”下列哪句話不是由這段文字推斷出來的?【試題分析】分析判斷題?!揪唧w解答】這段文字中think的賓語從句中使用的是虛擬語氣,表達(dá)不也許的假設(shè),同時對Inada沒有想到這樣做表達(dá)一種遺憾和惋惜。A)是表達(dá)我們的技術(shù)還局限性以讓Inada實現(xiàn)夢想,原文中是說他的夢想會更加嫻雅地實現(xiàn),意即他的夢想已經(jīng)實現(xiàn),所以A錯;B)和C)均是說他的夢想太現(xiàn)實,缺少人性,他設(shè)計的機器人并沒有邊工作邊吹口哨(這代表一種休閑的工作方式),而作者認(rèn)為這樣,所以B和C均對;D)是說作者贊同Inada博士的夢想,從文字的語氣中可以得知作者是希望他實現(xiàn)夢想的,并且還提出了更好地實現(xiàn)夢想的建議,所以D也對。根據(jù)題意的規(guī)定,選A。40.【答案】B?!咀g文】“歡迎光顧我們的這位同事,我們希望你能幫助他安頓下來?!边@句話中的“co-worker”指什么?【試題分析】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)上下文猜測文中的指代名詞,這需要分析這個指代名詞的真正所指?!揪唧w解答】這句話中,這位同事(co-worker)顯然與后半句中的“他”是同指,“他”安頓下來,那么“他”指什么呢?結(jié)合這是機器人投入使用的典禮典禮,是誰安頓下來呢?顯然就是即將投入使用的機器人。所以“這位同事”(co-worker)是指即將投入使用的機器人,即B。PartⅤ寫作指導(dǎo):這是一篇限制性提綱作文。由于已經(jīng)給出了寫作主題和段落模式,所以必須緊扣標(biāo)題,嚴(yán)格遵守提綱,達(dá)成規(guī)定字?jǐn)?shù)。構(gòu)思時結(jié)構(gòu)一定要清楚,建議使用四段式,第一段綜述,第二、三段分述,第四段做總結(jié),二、三段是重點。可將提綱中的兩點作為第二段和第三段的主題句,但不要逐字翻譯,然后再找2~3個與主題相關(guān)的素材展開說明。此外還需注意:①寫好第一句話。這樣容易給閱卷者留下一個好印象,最佳能用上一個美麗的復(fù)合句,里面再用上2~3個難的單詞或詞組,但不能犯錯。②在寫作時盡量多用長句,少用短句,適當(dāng)加入幾個結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的句子。可多用連接性的詞組或單詞,如first,second,moreover,foronething...foranother,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand等等??梢园阉鼈冎糜诙问谆蛭闹斜容^顯著的位置,這樣會使文章更具條理性。③注意結(jié)尾的時候要點題,把自己的觀點明確說出來。文章不要寫得太長,這樣容易引起閱卷者的反感,達(dá)成字?jǐn)?shù)就可以了。④如有也許,適當(dāng)加上一兩句名言或是諺語,以顯示你的水平。最后要注意沒有語法錯誤,并保持卷面干凈整潔。本文可以這樣寫:一方面第一段介紹在生活和工作節(jié)奏不斷加快的今天,人們會碰到各種各樣的個人危機,如:工作事業(yè)上的,婚戀家庭上的,人際關(guān)系上的等等;第二段則按照提綱中的第一點重點分析導(dǎo)致個人危機的起因,重要有自身解決事物能力局限性,外部環(huán)境較為不利,以及運氣不佳等等;第三段則根據(jù)提綱中第二點提出應(yīng)對個人危機的方法,要根據(jù)第二段中的起因來提應(yīng)對方法,可以寫需要個人有堅強的意志毅力和不懈的努力奮斗,積極改善外部環(huán)境,善于抓住機遇;第四段可以適應(yīng)發(fā)揮,進(jìn)一步闡明自己的觀點,并提出希望。當(dāng)然,也可以按照提綱就寫兩段,只要說清問題即可。參考范文:HowtoDealwithPersonalCrisisSincedifferentpersoneacrossdifferentcrisis,itisdifficulttoanswerwhypersonalcrisiswillhappenandwhatleadstothesituat(yī)ion.Itdepends.Butthemainoriginsandcausescanbeconcludedinthefollowingthreeaspects:lackofstrongmindandpersonalincompetencetoovercomedifficulty,disadvantageoussurroundings,andbadluck.Onlywhenonepersondoeswellinallthesethreeaspects,canheorsheavoidpersonalcrisis.Butanyway,Allisnotlostthatisindanger.Everycloudhasasilverlining.Onewillsurelycomeoutfromthecrisisifhemasterstherightmethods.Atfirst,heshouldenvisagethecrisiswiththerighteye.Andthen,heshouldbestrongly-mindedandbeperseverantallthetime.Thirdly,heshouldtryhisbesttoimproverelationwithhisboss,colleagues,partners,friends,andhisfamilymembersinordertogetabettersurrounding.Atlast,heshouldtrytograspeverychancetomakeprogress.Inthisway,thecrisiscanbetransferredtosuccess.本套試卷測試語言重點10個重點單詞:simultaneous:同時發(fā)生的〓deteriorate:(使)惡化migrate:(使)移居,移往eligible:符合條件的,合格的alternat(yī)e:交替,輪流,改變cook:廚師self-conscious:有自知之明的minimum:最低限度的,最小量distribute:分發(fā),分派,分布competent:可以勝任的,有能力的4個重點詞組:startout:出發(fā),動身,起家settlein:安頓,遷入coincidewith:與……一致,與……同時發(fā)生onthecourseof:在……的過程中中國名校六級密卷(2)北京師范大學(xué)外文學(xué)院范民PartⅡReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearningtotalkdoesnotlearnbybeingcorrectedallthetime.Ifcorrectedtoomuch,hewillstoptalking.Henoticesat(yī)housandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenthelanguageheusesandthelanguagethosearoundhimuse.Bitbybit,hemakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguagelikewhatotherpeoplesay.Inthesameway,whenchildrenlearntodoalltheotherthingstheylearntodowithoutbeingtaught—towork,run,climb,whistle,orrideabicycle.Theycomparethoseperformanceswiththoseofmoreskilledpeople,andslowlymaketheneededchanges.Butinschoolwenevergiveachildachancetofindouthisownmistakesforhimself,letalonecorrectthem.Wedoitallforhim.Weactasifwethoughtthathewouldnevernoticeamistakeunlessitwaspointedouttohim,orcorrectitunlesshewasmadeto.soonhebecomesdependentontheteacher.Lethimdoithimself.Lethimworkout,withthehelpofotherchildrenifhewantsit,what(yī)thiswordsays,whatansweristothatproblem,whetherthisisagoodwayofsayingordoingthisornot.Ifitisamat(yī)terofrightanswers,asitmaybeinmathematicsorscience,givehimtheanswerbook.Lethimcorrecthisownpapers.Whyshouldweteacherswastetimeonsuchroutinework?Ourjobshouldbetohelpthechildwhenhetellsusthathecan’tfindawaytogettherightanswer.Let’sendthisnonsenseofgrades,examsandmarks.Letusthrowthemallout,andletthechildrenlearnwhatalleducat(yī)edpersonsmustsomedaylearn,that(yī)is,howtomeasuretheirownunderstandingandhowtoknowwhattheyknowordonotknow.Letthemgetonwiththisjobinthewaythatseemsmostsensibletothem,withourhelpasschoolteachersiftheyaskforit.Theideathatthereisabodyofknowledgetobelearntat(yī)schoolandusedfortherestofone’slifeisnonsenseinaworldascomplicatedandrapidlychangingasours.Anxiousparentsandteacherssay,“Butsupposetheyfailtolearnsomethingessential,somethingtheywillneedtogetintheworld?Don’tworry!ifitisessential,theywillgooutintotheworldandlearnit.”21.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestwayforchildrentolearnthings?A)Bymakingmistakesandhavingthempointedoutbyothers.B)Byhavingtheirmistakescorrected.C)Bynoticingtheirproblemsandmakingchanges.D)Bylisteningtoexplanationsfromskilledpeople.22.Accordingtothepassage,ateacher’sdutyisto____.A)providingstudentswithhelpwhennecessaryB)findingoutstudents’mistakesandcorrectingthemC)teachingstudentstheessentialknowledgethat(yī)theywillneedintheirfuturelifeD)tellingstudentsthecorrectanswers23.Thepassagesuggeststhatlearningtospeakandlearningtorideabicycleare____(dá).A)notreallyimportantskillsB)moreimportantthanotherskillsC)basicallythesameinthatwelearnbypractisingandmakingchangesD)quitedifferentintermsofthewayoflearning24.Exams,grades,andmarksshouldbeabolishedbecausechildren’sprogressshouldonlybeassessedby____.A)educat(yī)edpersonsB)thechildrenthemselvesC)teachersD)parents25.Theauthorfearsthat(yī)ifadultsalwayscorrectmistakesforchildren,childrenwillgrowuptobe__(dá)__.A)fearfulofmakingmistakes
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