Unit1Backtoschool(3)Grammarandusageexploretherulesofsentenceelementsandsentencestructures.applytherulesbydoingsomeexercises.

Intoday’sclass,weshall:Lead-inMissYan,to,was,excitedto,theopportunity,give,begiven,really,aspeech.MissYanwasreallyexcitedtobegiventheopportunitytogiveaspeech.連詞成句AExploringtherules主語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)句子成分Doyouknowwhatsentenceelementsare?1.主語(yǔ)（S）表示句子表述的是“誰(shuí)”或“什么”，通常由名詞、代詞或與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges.

(名詞)Youmustmakeeffortstoimproveyourcommunicationskills.(代詞)LearningEnglishopensthedoortoacolourfulworld.

(動(dòng)詞-ing形式)Whatwechoosedecideswhatweare.(名詞性從句)2.謂語(yǔ)（V）說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或特征和狀態(tài)，由動(dòng)詞組成。由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的是簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)，由兩個(gè)或更多部分構(gòu)成的是復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。如：Amyhasagiftformusic.(簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ))TheclasssizeissmallintheUK.

(簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ))Youwillfindyourselfgrowingintoawell-roundedindividual.

(復(fù)合謂語(yǔ))Someanimalscanunderstandhumanfeelings.

(復(fù)合謂語(yǔ))句子成分3.

賓語(yǔ)（O）表示動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，或在介詞后面與介詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。

賓語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞或與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：

MymumteachesEnglishinamiddleschool.

(名詞)

Weallrespecthim.

(代詞)

Iwillsupportwhateverchoiceyoumake.

(名詞性從句)

有時(shí)動(dòng)詞后面會(huì)接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，表示人的賓語(yǔ)通常被稱為間接賓語(yǔ)（indirectobject）,而表示物的賓語(yǔ)則被稱為直接賓語(yǔ)（directobject).如：

Ican’twaittodescribetoyouwhatseniorhighschoollifeislike.4.

表語(yǔ)（P）說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、身份、狀態(tài)等，位于系動(dòng)詞（be,look,go,turn,become等）后，通常由名詞、代詞、形容詞或與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：

Todayisthestartofanewterm.

(名詞)

TheonlypersonIcareaboutisyou.

(代詞)

Thepossibilitiesareendless.

(形容詞)

Youarewhatyoueat.

(名詞性從句)5.

定語(yǔ)（Attr.）修飾名詞或代詞，表示其性質(zhì)和特征，通常由形容詞或

與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：Weheardanimpressivespeechlastweek.

(形容詞)Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.

(動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示用途)Don’twakeupthesleepingchild.

(動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示狀態(tài))

定語(yǔ)有時(shí)還會(huì)置于名詞或代詞之后。如：Youwillhavetheopportunity

toacquiregreatknowledge.

(動(dòng)詞不定式)Potentialisyournaturalabilitythatcanbedevelopedwhenyoutryhardenough.

(定語(yǔ)從句)6.

狀語(yǔ)（A）修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，表示方式、程度、語(yǔ)氣等，通常由副詞或與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：Carefullyplanyourstudy.

(副詞表方式)Sheisverycarefulaboutwhatshesays.

(副詞表程度)Hedidquitewellintheproject.

(副詞表程度)Honestly,

Idon’tmindifyouwanttoleavenow.

(副詞表語(yǔ)氣)GuidedbymyEnglishteacher,

Ienteredawonderland.

(分詞作狀語(yǔ)表方式)Makehaywhilethesunshines.

(狀語(yǔ)從句表時(shí)間)7.

補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（C）用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的特征或狀態(tài)，由名詞、動(dòng)詞、形

容詞等充當(dāng)。如：TheNewYorkCityiscalledtheBigApple.

(名詞作主補(bǔ))Mr.Xuencouragesustorealizeourpotential.

(動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ))Wepaintedthewallgreen.

(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))8.

同位語(yǔ)（apposition）對(duì)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋，通常由名詞、代

詞、數(shù)詞或與其相當(dāng)?shù)慕Y(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。如：Youtwowaithere.

(與主語(yǔ)同位)Wewereshockedbythenewsthathediedintheaccident.

(與賓語(yǔ)同位)Ms.Xuisourprincipal,averypopularteacher.

(與表語(yǔ)同位)SentenceElements

Pointoutthesentenceelementsoftheunderlinedpart(s)ofthefollowingsentences.1.Hedoesn’thaveanythingtodoatthemoment.2.Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxed.3.Clearly,talkingtohimisamistake.4.Weshoulddevelopgoodstudyhabits.5.IfelthappybecauseIwaspraisedbytheteacher.6.Manystudentsjoinschoolclubs.7.ThesubjectIlikebestisEnglish.SentenceElementsandSentenceStructures1.Hedoesn’thaveanythingtodoatthemoment.

2.Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxed.3.Clearly,talkingtohimisamistake.4.Weshoulddevelopgoodstudyhabits.Attributive(定語(yǔ)）Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))Adverbial(狀語(yǔ))Object(賓語(yǔ))SentenceElementsandSentenceStructures5.IfelthappybecauseIwaspraisedbytheteacher.6.Manystudentsjoinschoolclubs.7.ThesubjectIlikebestisEnglish.Predicative(表語(yǔ))Verb(謂語(yǔ))Subject(主語(yǔ))SentenceElements

A.Exploringtherules.HavestudentsreadtheshortspeechonPage6andanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatisagoal?Agoalisadreamthatneedsaction.What’sthesignificanceofsettinggoals?Settinggoalsgivesafocusinlife.Settinggoalshelpsdevelopgoodhabits.Settinggoalsmakesonemoreconfident.SubjectVerbIagree.SubjectVerbPredictiveSubject

VerbObjectSubjectVerbIndirectobjectDirectobjectSubjectVerbObjectObjectcomplement

A.ExploringtherulesThesehabitswillbehelpful.Youwillliveahappylife.Settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.Settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.HavestudentsfinishthetableofPartAonPage6.WorkingouttheRulesSubject+Verb(SV)Subject+Verb+Predicative(SVP)Subject+Verb+Object(SVO)Subject+Verb+Indirectobject+Directobject(SVOO)Subject+Verb+Object+Objectcomplement(SVOC)Rule1

Thesubjectandthe__________arenecessarypartsofasentence.verbFindthesubjectsandtheverbsofthefollowingsentences.1.Yourtimeandeffortatseniorhighschoolwillopen

thedoortoyourpotential.

2.Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges.3.Potentialcanbedevelopedwhenyoutryhardenough.WorkingouttheRulesSujectVerbSubjectVerbSubjectVerb1.You

willdiscover

yourpotential

whileyoudevelopasastudentandasaperson.2.Youwillfindyourselfgrowingintoawell-roundedindividual.Rule2:Atransitiveverbisalwaysfollowedbya(n)_________.Objectsareusually_______or________.WorkingouttheRulesobjectnounspronounssubjectverbobjectRule3:Someverbscanhavetwoobjects.

Theindirectobjectusuallyreferstoapersonandthedirectobjectathing.S+V+IO+DOSettinggoalsgivesyou

afocusinlife.MyEnglishteacherBengaveme

apresentformyhardwork.WorkingouttheRulesPractice1.Brainstorm.Whatverbshavewelearnedthatcantaketwoobjects? ?sb.sth.2.MakesentencesusingS+V+IO+DOstructure.e.g.Swimmingintheseainthesummergivesmeafeelingofrelaxation.

give,offer,teach,bring,buy,cost,fetch,lend,pass,hand,return,pay,tell,sell,write,send,show…S+V+O+OCDoyourbestandmakeusproud.Rule4:Theobjectcomplementaddsmoreinformationabouttheobject.objectcomplementWorkingouttheRulesCompletethefollowingsentenceswithproperobjectcomplements.

1.Shefeltsomething_______onherskin.2.Justinenamedhisgrandson________.3.Myclassmatespaintedthebackwall_______.4.Mydaughterimaginedherself_________inamountainvillage.5.Ourparentsencouragedus_____________atschool.climbingMaxwhitelivingtostudyhardPracticeWeuseanadverbialtoshow

when

(adverbialoftime),where(adverbialofplace)orhow(adverbialofmanner)anactionisdone.Eg.We(carefully)watchedourchemistryteacherdoanexperiment[withtubes][inthelab][lastweek].AdverbialshowhowwherewhenFindouttheadverbials.1.Putsimply,potentialisyournaturalability.2.Torealizeyourgoal,youneedtohaveagoodplan,manageyourtimewellandpayattentiontodetails.3.Whenyouachieveagoal,youseetheresultofyourhardwork.Practice

FiveBasicSentenceStructuresSubject+Verb(SV)Subject+Verb+Predicative(SVP)Subject+Verb+Object(SVO)Subject+Verb+Indirectobject+Directobject(SVOO)Subject+Verb+Object+Objectcomplement(SVOC)

ApplyingtheRulesB1Markthedifferentelementsofeachsentencewithdifferentsymbols.

B.ApplyingtheRules

1.You

willfind

(seniorhigh)school

differentfrom(juniorhigh)school.2.(Your)schoolwork

willbe

morechallenging.3.We

willgive

you

(more)independence.4.You

shouldlisten

[morecarefully].5.You

canjoin

aclub.6.(Your)teachers

willhelp

you

[in(many)ways].7.You

willsucceed.B1.Markthedifferentelementsofeachsentencewithdifferentsymbols.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.

B2.Belowaresometipsaboutsettinggoals.Matchtheunderlinedsentenceswiththecorrectstructures.Writethelettersintheboxes.cbdgeaf

Beginning

Settinggoalsisthefirststepinachievingthem.

MainBody

Setgoalsthatcanbeachieved. Breakbiggoalsdownintosmallones. Writeyourgoalsonpaper.

Conclusion

Afteryousetagoal,you…

PassageStructure:1________(be)amemberofmynewschool’sbasketballteam2______mygoalnow,becausebasketballismyfavoritesport.Besides3__________(exercise)mybody,Iwillmakenewacquaintancesthroughthisactivity.More4__________(important),exercisingshouldgohandinhandwithstudying,sointhenewterm,Ihope5_________(have)fasterandbetter6________(grow)inbothmybody7_____mymind.Practice

Fillintheblankswithonewordorproperformofthewordgiven.BeingisexercisingimportantlytohavegrowthandB3

Whatisyourgoalforthenewterm?Howareyougoingtoachieveyourgoal?Writeaboutitusingdifferentsentencestructures.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.