中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解長(zhǎng)難句分析策略及練習(xí)一、長(zhǎng)難句類型：1.句中出現(xiàn)多個(gè)連詞，句法關(guān)系復(fù)雜；2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式較多；3.含有多個(gè)同位語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)從句，而且較長(zhǎng)；4.從句較多，句中套句；5.主干中穿插多個(gè)插入語(yǔ)或從句；6.句中有省略倒裝強(qiáng)調(diào)等二、分析策略：首先要搞清楚句子的整體結(jié)構(gòu)到底是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句。方法一：較復(fù)雜簡(jiǎn)單句——找主干成分，即找主謂賓1.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistopractiseiteveryday.2.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturingofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.3.Theactiongrouphasalsofoundacceptablepapermadefrommaterialsotherthanwood,suchasagriculturalwaste.方法二：并列句——找并列連詞，分成兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句處理1.MissGermaine’smotherlookedanxiousthroughtheweddingandMr.Cordell’sparentsarereportedtobelessthandelighted.方法三：主從復(fù)合句——找從屬連詞，先理解主句1.Awoman’sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，whileitwasn’tunusualtohearamansaythathedidn’tknowhisfriend’smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.2.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.方法四：并列和主從復(fù)合句并存——先找并列連詞，判斷并列成分，再分析主從復(fù)合句1.Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse,butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot,changewasunavoidable.2.Sodon’tbesurprisedifyouneverencountersomeoftheexpressionsthatstillappearinschooltextbooks,andnexttimeyouhearsomebodyusingastrangewordyouhaven’theardbefore,youcancomfortyourselfthattheremaywellbeanativespeakersomewherewhodoesn’tknowiteither.方法總結(jié)：看標(biāo)點(diǎn)，找連詞，審謂動(dòng)，定主干三、案例分析：Lonelinesshasbeenlinkedtodepression（抑郁）andotherhealthproblems.Now,astudysaysitcanalsospread.Afriendofalonelypersonwasfifty-twopercentmorelikelytodevelopfeelingsofloneliness.Andafriendofthatfriendwastwenty-fivepercentmorelikelytodothesame.Earlierfindingsshowedthathappiness,obesity(肥胖)andtheabilitytostopsmokingcanalsospreadlikeinfectionswithinsocialgroups.ThefindingsallcomefromamajorhealthstudyintheAmericantownofFramingham,Massachusetts.Thestudybeganin1948toinvestigatethecausesofheartdisease.Sincethen,moretestshavebeenadded,includingmeasuresoflonelinessanddepression.ThenewfindingsinvolvedmorethanfivethousandpeopleinthesecondgenerationoftheFraminghamHeartStudy.Theresearchersexaminedfriendshiphistoriesandreportsofloneliness.Theresultsestablishedapatternthatspreadaspeoplereportedfewerclosefriends.Forexample,lonelinesscanaffectrelationshipsbetweennext-doorneighbors.Thelonelinessspreadsasneighborswhowereclosefriendsnowspendlesstimetogether.Thestudyalsofoundthatlonelinessspreadsmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmen.Theaveragepersonissaidtoexperiencefeelingsoflonelinessaboutforty-eightdaysayear.Thestudyfoundthathavingalonelyfriendcanaddaboutseventeendays.Buteveryadditionalfriendcandecreaselonelinessbytwoandahalfdays.Lonelypeoplebecomelessandlesstrustingofothers.Thismakesitmoreandmoredifficultforthemtomakefriends—andmorelikelythatsocietywillreject（排斥）them.JohnCacioppoattheUniversityofChicagoledthestudy.Hesaysitisimportanttorecognizeanddealwithloneliness.Hesayspeoplewhohavebeenpushedtotheedgesofsocietyshouldreceivehelptorepairtheirsocialnetworks.1.Asanaverageperson,ifyoumake2morefriends,howmanydaysayearmightyousufferfromloneliness?A.48days.B.43days.C.65days.D.17days.2.Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthepassageaboutlonelypeople?A.Theycanovercomelonelinessthemselves.B.Theywilldecreaselonelinessdaybyday.C.Theyneedhelptogetbacktonormalsociallife.D.Theycanhelpotherstorepairtheirsocialnetworks.3.What’sthebestwaytohelplonelypeopleaccordingtothispassage?A.Bringthemtogether.B.Makefriendswiththem.C.Helpthemstopsmoking.D.Helpthemlooseweight.4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.LonelinessAndSocialNetWorkB.SocialNetworksAndFriendshipC.LonelinessAndDietD.HelpALonelyPerson四、練習(xí)Somepeoplelikethefreedomofdrivingtheirowncar.Butothersfinddrivingtobeinconvenientorevendangerous.Luckily,thedriverlesscarswe’veseeninmoviesandTVshowsareonthewayhere.ThefirstdriverlesscartohitthescreenwasHerbie.Herbiecoulddrivebyhimselfandeventalktohishumanfriends.KITTwasanotherdriverlesscarthatappearedonthe1980sTVshowKnightRider.KITTcoulddriveitselfandhelpitsriderMichaelKnightcatchcriminals.

Whilethedriverlesscarsoftodaycan’ttalktous,theydohavemanysimilaritiestotheoneswe’veseenonscreen.Nearlyeverylargecarcompanyisworkingontheirownautonomousvehicle(AV).Tesla,forexample,hasdevelopedadriver-assistancesystemforitscarscalledTeslaAutopilot.

TeslaAutopilotcancompletemanyofthetasksthathumandriversusuallydo.Itcanmakesurethatyourcariscenteredinthecorrectlane(車道),aswellasparkitselfandstopifitthinksthatanaccidentmighthappen.Google’ssistercompanyWaymoseemstobeleadingthewayintheAVarea.Itsself-drivingcarsarealreadybeingusedfortaxiservicesintheUScityofPhoenix.Itusescommoncamerastodeterminedistance,whichallowsthecarstogetaroundwithoutriskofcrashing(撞車).AlthoughcompaniesaremakinggreatprogressindevelopingAV,thereisstillalotofworktobedone.Yearafteryear,companieslikeTesla,GeneralMotors,andToyotapromisethatfullyself-drivingcarswillbecomewidelyavailable.Butnearlyallofthesepromiseshavefallenthrough.Oneoftheproblemsisthatdesigningaself-drivingcarthatissafeandeasytouseismuchharderthanpeoplerealize.Self-drivingcarshavetoanalyze(分析)millionsofdatapointsinordertopreventaccidents.Humansareusedtodoingthis—butdesigninganAIthatcanworklikehumanmindtomakeadecisionquicklyisverydifficult.

However,newtechnologieslike5Gandfastercomputerprocessorswillmaketheprocessfaster.Asthesetechnologiesdevelop,fullyself-drivingcarswillcomeclosertoreality.1．WhatcanTeslaAutopilotdo?A．Itcantalktohumans.B．Itcanchasecriminals.C．Itcanstopatanytime.D．Itcanfinishmanytasks.2.WhatdoweknowaboutWaymo’sdriverlesscars?A．TheyareusedastaxisinPhoenix,US. B．Theyrequirehumanbackupdrivers.C．Theyusecamerastodiscoverothercars. D．Theycrashintoothercarsfromtimetotime.3．Whatisthestorymainlyfocusedon?A．Reasonsforinventingdriverlesscars. B．Thedevelopmentofdriverlesscars.C．DriverlesstechnologyinTVandmovies. D．TVshowsthatfeatureadvancedtechnology.4．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A．Thereisstillalongwaytogoindevelopingautonomousvehicle.B．Thefirstdriverlesscarcoulddrivehimselfbutcouldn’ttalktohumans.C．Waymo’sself-drivingcarsarealreadybeingusedfortaxiservicesintheUS.D．Almosteverymajorcarcompanyisworkingontheirownautonomousvehicle.5．Itcanbeinferred(推斷)fromthepassagethat_________.A．fullyself-drivingcarswillbeputintouseinthefutureB．self-drivingcarshavebeenwidelyusedinourdailylifeC．self-drivingcarswillbesoldatmuchhigherpricesthannowD．fullyself-drivingcarsthataresafeandeasytouseareavailablenowArerobotsgoingtotakeovertheworld?Thiswasoneofthebiggestfearspeoplehadaboutthedevelopmentoftechnology.Butsincethen,thosefearshavebeenlargelyreplacedbyCOVID-19.Now,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtoregardrobotsasausefulwayforsocialdistancingproblems.Robotshavebeenusedforyears,eventhoughyoumightnotconnectthesetaskswithrobotsATMsinbanksarecommonexamplesofeverydayrobots.Therearemanycompaniesusingrobotsevenbeforethepandemic(疫情).Robotshavealsobeenusedfortasksconsidereddangerous.AmongCOVID-19conditionsnewrobotsarebeingtestedinmanyfields.AtMcDonald'sandotherfast-foodrestaurants,robotsarebeingtiedaswaitersandevencooks.Restaurantsareusingrobotstosendtheirfoodsafelytohomesofoldpeoplebecausethey'reathighriskfromCOVID-19.Disinfection(消毒)robotshavebeendevelopedtofightagainstCOVID-19inQingdao,ShandongProvince.Theycanreplacehumanbeingsincarryingontheresponsibilityofdisinfection.Thesenewlydevelopeddisinfectionrobotshavebeenputintooperationsinthequarantinewards(隔離病房)ofsomehospitals.Theargumentsagainstrobotsincludethelossofhumanjobsandtheideathatmachinescouldcontrolo