2009年考研英語二真題SectionIIClose(10%)Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1withapencil.(10points)In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008,ithad(21)the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge(22)fromthedramaticgrowthoftheeconomiesofchinaandIndiatowidespread(23)inoil-producingregions,includingIraqandNigeria'sdeltaregion.Triple-digitoilpriceshave(24)theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld,(25)someoldnotionsofpower.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities,(26)majorimporters—includingchinaandIndia,hometoathirdoftheworld'spopulation--(27)risingeconomicandsocialcosts.Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral(28)ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto(29)scarcesupplies,andarewillingtodealwithanygovernment,(30)howunpleasant,todoit.Inmanypoornationswithoil,theprofitsarebeing,losttocorruption,(31)thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments,(32)someinthewestseeasanewthreat.CountrieslikeRussia,VenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil33,achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits,(34)costs,fromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.(35)itimportsvirtuallyallitsoil,ithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia(36)128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates,asalreadyhighgaspricesrose(37)higherinthespringof2008,theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaign,withSenatorsMcCainandObama(38)forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto(39),assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems(40)thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.21.A.comeB.goneC.crossedC.arrangedC.insecurityC.retainedD.arrivedD.ranged22.A.covered23.A.intensity24.A.drawnB.discoveredB.infinityB.redrawnD.instabilityD.reviewedpriceshave(24)theeconomicandpoliticalmapoftheworld,(25)someoldnotionsof

power.Oil-richnationsareenjoyinghistoricgainsandopportunities,(26)majorimporters—includingchinaandIndia,hometoathirdoftheworld'spopulation--(27)risingeconomicandsocialcosts.Managingthisneworderisfastbecomingacentral(28)ofglobalpolitics.Countriesthatneedoilareclawingateachotherto(29)scarcesupplies,andarewillingtodealwithanygovernment,(30)howunpleasant,todoit.Inmanypoornationswithoil,theprofitsarebeing,losttocorruption,(31)thesecountriesoftheirbesthopefordevelopment.Andoilisfuelingenormousinvestmentfundsrunbyforeigngovernments,(32)someinthewestseeasanewthreat.CountrieslikeRussia,VenezuelaandIranarewellsuppliedwithrisingoil33,achangereflectedinnewlyaggressiveforeignpolicies.Butsomeunexpectedcountriesarereapingbenefits,(34)costs,fromhigherprices.ConsiderGermany.(35)itimportsvirtuallyallitsoil,ithasprosperedfromextensivetradewithaboomingRussiaandtheMiddleEast.GermanexportstoRussia(36)128percentfrom2001to2006.IntheUnitedStates,asalreadyhighgaspricesrose(37)higherinthespringof2008,theissuecroppedupinthepresidentialcampaign,withSenatorsMcCainandObama(38)forafederalgastaxholidayduringthepeaksummerdrivingmonths.Anddrivinghabitsbeganto(39),assalesofsmallcarsjumpedandmasstransportsystems(40)thecountryreportedasharpincreaseinriders.21.A.comeB.goneC.crossedC.arrangedC.insecurityC.retainedC.challengingC.thusD.arrivedD.ranged22.A.covered23.A.intensity24.A.drawn25.A.fighting26.A.andB.discoveredB.infinityB.redrawnB.strugglingB.whileD.instabilityD.reviewedD.threateninD.though27.A.confine28.A.problem29.A.lookfor30.A.nomatter31.A.abolishing32.A.whatB.conflictB.questionB.lockupB.whatifB.deprivingB.thatC.conformC.matterD.confrontD.eventC.sendoutC.onlyifD.keepoffD.inspiteofD.eliminatingD.whomC.destroyingC.which

33.A.interests34.A.asmanyas35.A.Although36.A.advanced37.A.evenB.taxesB.asgoodasB.BecauseB.grewC.incomesC.asfarasC.SinceD.revenuesD.aswellasD.AsC.reducesC.ratherD.multiplieD.fairlyB.still38.A.asking39.A.change40.A.forB.requestingB.turnC.callingC.shiftD.demandingD.transformD.OverB.fromC.acrossPartIIIReadingComprehension(40%)Direction:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.ThenblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithapencil.PASSAGE1.HenricIbsen,authoroftheplay"ADoll'sHouse",inwhichapretty,helplesshousewifeabandons.Herhusbandandchildrentoseekamoreseriouslife,wouldsurelyhaveapproved..FromJanuaryIst,2008,allpubliccompaniesinNorwayareobligedtoensurethatatleast40%oftheirboarddirectorsarewomen.Mostfirmshaveobeyedthelaw,whichwaspassedin2003.Butabout75outofthe480orsocompaniesitaffectsarestilltoomaleforthegovernment'sliking.TheywillshortlyreceivealetterinformingthemthattheyhaveuntiltheendofFebruarytoact,orfacethelegalconsequences---whichcouldincludebeingdissolved.Beforethelawwasproposed,about7%ofboardmembersinNorwaywerefemale,accordingtotheCentreforCorporateDiversity.Thenumberhassincejumpedto36%.Thatisfarhigherthantheaverageof9%forbigcompaniesacrossEuropeorAmerica's15%fortheFortune500.Norway'sstockexchangeanditsmainbusinesslobbyopposethelaw,asdomanybusinessmen."Iamagainstquotasforwomenormenasamatterofprinciple,"saysSverreMunck,headofinternationaloperationsatamediafirm."Boardmembersofpubliccompaniesshouldbechosensolelyonthebasisofmeritandexperience,"besays.Severalfirmshaveevengivenuptheirpublicstatusinordertoescapethenewlaw.Companieshavehadtorecruitabout1,000womeninfouryears.Manycomplainthatithasbeendifficulttofindexperiencedcandidates.Becauseofthis,someofthebestwomenhavecollectedasmany

as25-35directorshipseach,andareknowninNorwegianbusinesscirclesasthe"goldenskirts".OnereasonforthescarcityisthattherearefairlyfewwomeninmanagementinNorwegiancompanies---theyoccupyaround15%ofseniorpositions.Ithasbeenparticularlyhardforfirmsintheoil,technologyandfinancialindustriestofindwomenwithaenoughexperience.Somepeopleworrythattheirrelativelackofexperiencemaykeepwomenquietonboards,andthatinturncouldmeanthatboardsmightbecomelessabletoholdmanagerstoaccount.RecenthistoryinNorway,however,suggeststhattherightwomencanmakestrongdirectors."Womenfeelmorecompelledthanmentodotheirhomework,"saysMsRekstenSkaugen,whowasvotedNorway'schairmanoftheyearfor2007,"andwecanaffordtoaskthehardquestions,becausewomenarenotalwaysexpectedtoknowtheanswers."41.TheauthormentionsIbsen'splayinthefirstparagraphinorderto.A.depictwomen'sdilemmaatworkB.explainthenewlypassedlawC.supportNorwegiangovernmentD.introducethetopicunderdiscussion42.Apubliccompanythatfailstoobeythenewlawcouldbeforcedto.A.payaheavyfineB.closedownitsbusinessC.changetoaprivatebusinessD.signadocumentpromisingtoact43.TowhichofthefollowingisSverreMunckmostlikelytoagree?A.Asetratioofwomeninaboardisunreasonable.B.Areasonablequotaforwomenatworkneedstobeset.C.Acommonprincipleshouldbefollowedbyallcompanies.D.Aninexperiencedbusinessmanisnotsubjecttothenewlaw.44.Theauthorattributesthephenomenonof"goldenskirts"to.A.thesmallnumberofqualifiedfemalesinmanagementB.theover-recruitmentoffemalemanagersinpubliccompaniesC.theadvantagewomenenjoywhencompetingforseniorpositionsD.thediscriminationtowardwomeninNorwegianbusinesscircles45.Themainideaofthepassagemightbe.

A.femalepowerandliberationinNorwayB.thesignificanceofHenricIbsen'splayC.women'sstatusinNorwegianfirmsD.theconstitutionofboardmembersinNorwayPASSAGE2Whilethere'sneveragoodagetogetcancer,peopleintheir20sand30scanfeelparticularlyisolated.Theaverageageofacancerpatientatdiagnosisis67.Childrenwithcanceroftenaretreatedatpediatric(小兒科的)cancercenters,butyoungadultshaveatoughtimefindingpeers,oftensittingside-by-sideduringtreatmentswithpeoplewhocouldbetheirgrandparents.InhernewbookCrazySexyCancerTips,writerKrisCarrlooksatcancerfromtheperspectiveofayoungadultwhoconfrontsdeathjustasshe'sdiscoveringlife.Ms.Carrwas31whenshewasdiagnosedwithararefromofcancerthathadgeneratedtumorsonherliverandlungs.Ms.Carrreactedwiththenormalfeelingsofshockandsadness.Shecalledherparentsandstockeduponorganicfood,determinedtobecomea"full-timehealingaddict."Thenshepickedupthephoneandcalledeveryoneinheraddressbook,askingiftheyknewotheryoungwomenwithcancer.Theresultwasherownpersonal"cancerposse":arockconcerttourmanager,amodel,afashionmagazineeditor,acartoonistandaMTVcelebrity,tonameafew.Thisclubof?"cancerbabes"offeredsupport,adviceandfashiontips,amongotherthings.Ms.CarrputhercancerexperienceinarecentLearningChanneldocumentary,andshehaswrittenapracticalguideabouthowshecoped.Cancerisn'tfunny,butMs.Carroftenis.Sheswears,shemakesupnamesforthepeoplewhotreather(Dr.FabulousandDr.Guru),andsheevenmakessecondsoundfun("cancerroadtrips,"shecallsthem).Sheleavesthemedicaladvicetodoctors,insteadofferinginsightfulandpracticaltipsthatreflecttheworldviewofayoungadult."Irefusedtoletcancerruinmyparty,"shewrites."Therearejusttoomanycoolthingstodoandplanandlivefor."Ms.Carrstillhascancer,butithasstoppedprogressing.Hercancertipsincludeusingtime-savingmasse-mailstokeepfriendsinformed,sewingorbuyingfashionablehospitalgownssoyou'renotstuckwithregulationblueorgrayandplayingGloriaGaynor's"IWillSurvive"soloudyouneighborscallthepolice.Ms.Carralsoadvisesaneyebrowwaxandanewoutfitbeforeyoutelltheimportantpeopleinyourillness."peopleyoutellaregoingtocautiousandnotsocautiouslytrytoseethecancer,sodazzletheminsteadwithyourmiracle,"shewrites.

Whileheradvicemaysoundsuperficial,itgetstotheheartofwhateverycancerpatientwants:thechancetolivelifejustasshealwaysdid,andmaybebetter.46.Whichofthefollowinggroupsismorevulnerabletocancer?A.Children.B.Peopleintheir20sand30s.C.Youngadults.D.Elderlypeople.47.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT_______.A.KrisCarrisafemalewriterB.KrisCarrismorethan31-year-old.C.KrisCarrworksinacancercenter.D.KrisCarrisveryoptimistic.48.Thephrase"cancerposse"(Line4,para.3)probablyrefersto________A.acancerresearchorganizationB.agroupofpeoplewhosufferfromcancerC.peoplewhohaverecoveredfromcancerD.peoplewhocopewithcancer49.KrisCarrmakeupnamesforthepeoplewhotreatherbecause________A.sheisdepressedandlikesswearingB.sheisfunnyandlikesplayingjokesondoctorC.shewantstoleavethemedicaladvicetodoctorD.shetriestoleaveagoodimpressionondoctor50.FromKrisCarr'scancertipswemayinferthat________A.shelearnedtousee-mailsaftershegotcancerB.shewearsfashionabledressevenaftersufferingfromcancerC.hospitalgownsforcancerpatientsareusuallynotinbrightcolorsD.theneighborsareveryfriendlywithcancerpatientsPASSAGE3Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Shouldaleaderstrivetobelovedorfeared?Thisquestion,famouslyposedbyMachiavelli,liesatthe

heartofJosephNye'snewbook.Mr.Nye,aformerdeanoftheKennedySchoolofGovemmentatHarvardandone-timechairmanofAmerica'sNationalIntelligenceCouncil,isbestknownforpromotingtheideaof"softpower",basedonpersuasionandinfluence,asacounterpointto"hardpower",basedoncoercion(強迫)andforce.Havinganalyzedtheuseofsoftandhardpowerinpoliticsanddiplomacyinhispreviousbooks,Mr.Nyehasnowturnedhisattentiontotherelationshipbetweenpowerandleadership,inboththepoliticalandbusinessspheres.Machiavelli,henotes,concludedthat"oneoughttobebothfearedandloved,butasitisdifficultforthetwotogotogether,itismuchsafertobefearedthanloved."Inshort,hardpowerispreferabletosoftpower.Butmodemleadershiptheoristshavecometotheoppositeconclusion.Thecontextofleadershipischanging,theobserve,andthehistoricalemphasisonhardpowerisbecomingoutdated.Inmodemcompaniesanddemocracies,powerisincreasinglydiffusedandtraditionalhierarchies(等級制)arebeingundermined,makingsoftpowerevermoreimportant.Butthatdoesnotmeancoercionshouldnowtakeabackseattopersuasion.Mr.Nyeargues.Instead,headvocatesasynthesisofthesetwoviews.TheconclusionofThePowerstoLead,hissurveyofthetheoryofleadership,isthatacombinationofhardandsoftpower,whichhecalls”smartpower”,isthebestapproach.Thedominanttheoreticalmodelofleadershipatthemomentis,apparently,the“transformationalleadershippattern”.Anoneallergic(反感)tomanagementtermwillalreadyberunningfortheexit,butMr,Nyehasperformedavaluableserviceinroundingupandsummarizingthevariousacademicstudiesandtheoriesofleadcrishipintoasingle,slimvolume.Heexaminesdifferentapproachestoleadership,themoralityofleadershipandhowthewidercontextcandeterminetheeffcctivenessofaparticularleader.Thereareplcntyofanccdotesandexamples,bothhistoricalandcontemporary,politicalandcorporate.Alsa,leadershipisaslipperysubject,andashedepictsvarioustheories,evenMr.Nyeneverquitenailsthejellytothewall.Heisathismostinterestingwhendiscussingthemoralaspectsofleadershipinparticular,thequestionofwhetheritissometimesnecessaryforgoodleaders?tolie-andheprovidesahelpful12-pointsummaryofhisconclusions.Arecumingthemeisthatascircumstanceschange,differentsortsofleadcrsarerequired;aleaderwhothrivesinoneenvironmentmaystruggleinanother,andviceversa.Ultimatelythatisjustafancywayofsayingthatleadcrshipoffersnocasyanswers.51.FromthefirsttwoparagraphswemaylearnthanMr.Machiavelli'sideaofhardpoweris______.A.wellacceptedbyJosephNyeB.veryinfluentialtillnowadays

C.basedonsoundtheoriesD.contrarytothatofmodemleadershiptheorists52.WhichofthefollowingmakessoftpowermoreimportanttodayaccordingtoMr.Nye?A.Coercioniswidespread.B.Moralityisdevalued.C.Powerisnolongerconcentrated.D.Traditionalhierarchiesarestrengthened53.InhisbookthePowerstolead,Mr.NyehasexminedallthefollowingaspectsofleadershipEXCEPT_____.A.authorityB.contextC.approachesD.morality54.Mr.Nye'sbookisparticularlyvaluableinthatit_____.A.makeslittleuseofmanagementtermsB.summarizesvariousstudiesconciselyC.servesasanexitforleadershipresearchersD.setsamodelforcontemporarycorporateleaders55.Accordingtotheauthor,themostinterestingpartofMr.Nye'sbookliesinhis_____.A.viewofchangeableleadershipB.definitionofgoodleadershipC.summaryofleadershiphistoryD.discussionofmoralleadershipPASSAGE4Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Americansdon'tliketolosewars.Ofcourse,alotdependsonhowyoudefinejustwhatawaris.Thereareshootingwars-thekindthattestpatriotismandcourage-andthosearethekindatwhichtheU.Sexcels.Butotherstrugglestestthosequalitiestoo.WhatelsewastheGreatDepressionorthespaceraceortheconstructionoftherailroads?IfAmericanindulgeinabitofflag—whenthejobisdone,theyearnedit.Nowthereisasimilarchallenge.Globalwarming.Thesteadydeterioration(惡化)oftheveryclimateofthisveryplanetisbecomingawarofthefirstorder,andbyanymeasure,theU.S.producesnearlya

quarteroftheworld'sgreenhousegaseseachyearandhasstubbornlymadeitclearthatitdoesn'tintendtodoawholelotaboutit.Although174nationsapprovedtheadmittedlyflawedKyotoaccordstoreducecarbonlevels,theU.S.walkedawayfromthem.Therearevaguepromisesofmanufacturingfuelfromherbsorpoweringcarswithhydrogen.Butforacountrythattightlycitespatriotismasoneofitscorevalues,theU.S.istakingapassonwhatmightbethemostpatrioticstruggleofall.It'shardtoimagineabiggerfightthanoneforthesurvivalofacountry'scoastsandfarms,thehealthofitspeopleandstabilityofitseconomy.Therubis,ifthevastmajorityofpeopleincreasinglyagreethatclimatechangeisaglobalemergency,there'sfarlessagreementonhowtofixit.Industryoffersitspans,whichtoooftenwouldfixlittle.Environmentalistsoffertheirs,whichtoooftenamounttonativewishliststhatcouldweakenAmerican'sgrowth.Butlet'sassumethatthoseinterestedpartiesandotherswillalwaysbentthetableandwillalwaysdemandthattheirvoicesbeheardandthattheirneedsbeaddressed.Whatwouldanaggressive,ambitious,effectiveplanlooklike-onethatwouldleavetheU.S.bothenvironmentallysafeandeconomicallysound?Haltingclimatechangewillbefarharder.Oneofthemoreconservativeplansforaddressingtheproblemcallsforareductionof25billiontonsofcarbonemissionsoverthenext52year.Andyetbydevisingaconsistentstrategythatmixesandblendspragmatism(實用主義)withambition,theU.S.can,withoutmajordamagetotheeconomy,helphalttheworsteffectsofclimatechangeandensurethesurvivalofitswayoflifeforfuturegenerations.Moneywilldosomeofthework,butwhat'sneededmostiswill."I'mnotsayingthechallengeisn'talmostoverwhelming,"saysFredKrupp."ButthisisAmerica,andAmericahasrisentothesechallengesbefore."56.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Humanwars.B.Economiccrisis.C.America'senvironmentalpolicies.D.Globalenvironmentingeneral.57.Fromthelastsentenceofparagraph2wemaylearnthatthesurvivalofacountry'scoastsandfarms,thehealthofitspeopleandthestabilityofitseconomyis__________.A.ofutmostimportanceB.afightnoonecanwinC.beyondpeople'simaginationD.alesssignificantissue

58.Judgingfr