必修3Unit2Healthyeating李仕才一、閱讀理解AWildelephantscantellwhetheravoicecomesfromaman,awomanoraboy,anewstudysays.That'swhatresearchersfoundwhentheyplayedrecordingsofpeopleforelephantsinKenya.Scientistssaythisisanadvancedthinkingskillthatotheranimalshaven'tshown.Itletselephantsfigureoutwhoisathreatandwhoisn't.Theresultshowsthatthecleveranimalsarealsostudyingpeople,saidstudyauthorKarenMcComb.“Basically,theyhavedevelopedthisveryrichknowledgeofthehumansthattheysharetheirhabitatwith，”saidMcComb,aprofessorattheUniversityofSussexinEngland.“MemoryisKey.Theymustbuildupthatknowledgesomehow.”ThestudywasreleasedonMondayintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.It'sclosetobutnotquiteliketheDr.Seussbook,wheretheelephantHortonhearssomethingthatotherscan'thear.McCombandcolleagueswenttoAmboseliNationalParkinKenya,wherehundredsofwildelephantsliveamonghumans,sometimescominginconflictoverscarcewater.ThescientistsusedvoicerecordingsofMaasaimen,whoonoccasionkillelephants,andKambamen,whoarelessofathreattotheelephants.Asaresult,theelephantsreactedmoredefensively—retreatingandgatheringinabunch—totheMaasailanguagerecordingbecauseitwasassociatedwiththemorethreateninghumantribe,saidstudyco-authorGraemeShannon.TheyrepeatedtheexperimentwithrecordingsofMaasaimenandwomen.Sincewomenalmostneverspearelephants,theanimalsreactedlessdefensivelytothewomen'svoices.Thesamethinghappenedwhentheysubstitutedyoungboys'voices.“Makingthiskindoffinedistinctionsinhumanvoicepatternsisquiteremarkable，”saidEmoryUniversityanimalcognitionexpertFransdeWaal,whowasnotpartofthestudy.【文章粗心】

研究表示野生大象能夠辨別男、

女和男孩的聲音，它們經(jīng)過(guò)思想劃分聲音并判斷誰(shuí)能對(duì)他們產(chǎn)生威迫?！倦y句剖析】

McCombandcolleagues

wenttoAmboseliNational

ParkinKenya,wherehundredsofwildelephantsliveamonghumans,sometimescominginconflictoverscarcewater.(倒數(shù)第三段第一句)剖析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。where指引非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作地址狀語(yǔ)；sometimescominginconflictoverscarcewater作陪伴狀語(yǔ)。譯文：McComb和同事去了位于肯尼亞的安博塞利國(guó)家公園，在那邊有成千上萬(wàn)頭野象與人類(lèi)一同生活，他們有時(shí)由于水資源貧乏而發(fā)生矛盾。1．Whowerethepeopletakingpartinthestudy?A．FransdeWaalandKarenMcComb.B．Dr.SeussandGraemeShannon.C．GraemeShannonandFransdeWaal.D．KarenMcCombandGraemeShannon.答案與分析：D'考察細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“studyauthorKarenMcComb”和第六段中的“studyco-authorGraemeShannon”可知，KarenMcComb和GroemeShannon都參加了研究，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。2．Whatcanwildelephantsbenefitfromtheirspecialability?A．Identifyingandavoidingpossibledanger.B．Growingmuchfasterthananyotheranimals.C．Havingabetterunderstandingofhumans.D．Developingtheirlanguageskills.答案與分析：A'考察推理判斷。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Scientistssaythisisanadvancedthinkingskillthatotheranimalshaven'tshown.Itletselephantsfigureoutwhoisathreatandwhoisn't.”可知，這類(lèi)高等的思想方式使野象能夠分辨出誰(shuí)能對(duì)他們?cè)斐赏?，這樣它們能夠防止可能的危險(xiǎn)，故A項(xiàng)是正確的。3．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“substituted”inthelastparagraph?A．Distinguished.B．Repeated.C．Used.D．Compared.答案與分析：C'考察詞義猜想。畫(huà)線詞所在句中的“Thesamethinghappened”指的是前一句中的“theanimalsreactedlessdefensivelytothewomen'svoices”，畫(huà)線詞所在句講的是野象對(duì)年青男孩的聲音做出的反響，說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)研究者在對(duì)野象播放年青男孩的聲音，選C項(xiàng)。4．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Wildelephantscandistinguishhumanlanguages.B．Theconflictbetweenhumansandwildelephantsisgrowing.C．Wildelephantsuselanguageskillstomakediscrimination.2D．Wildelephantscanbuildupgoodmemoryandlearntricks.答案與分析：A'考察要旨粗心。依據(jù)文章第一句“Wildelephantscantellwhetheravoicecomesfromaman,awomanoraboy”和全文內(nèi)容可知，野象能夠經(jīng)過(guò)人的聲音區(qū)分不一樣人類(lèi)集體的性別和年紀(jì)，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)(野象能夠劃分人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言)。BWinstonChurchillisprobablythemostpopularBritishprimeministerever.Havingservedasasoldierandpolitician,heisoftenconsideredamongthegreatestofBritons.WhilehisheroicstandagainsttheNazisiswellknow,therearestillafewfactsaboutthepopularpoliticianthatmightsurpriseyou.HisCigarsTheclassicimageofWinstonChurchillincludesagiantcigarstuckbetweenhislips.Churchilldevelopedhisloveofcigarsasayoungman,whenhetraveledtoCuba.Fortherestofhislife,hesmokedeightorninecigarseveryday.However,healmostnevertookapuff(吸，抽),preferringtochewontheenduntilitwentout,thenrelightitandstartagain.Topreventthecigarbecomingsoggy(濕軟的),Churchillinventedthe＂bellybando＂,astripofbrownpaperwhichcouldbegluedaroundtheend.Atanygiventime,Churchillhad3,000to4,000cigarsinhishouse,mostlyhisfavoriteRomeo&Julietbrand.Ononeoccasion,thepresidentofCubapresentedChurchillwith2,400top-qualitycigars,althoughhissecurityteaminsistedonecigarfromeachboxbesentoffandtestedforpoison.PerhapsthestorythatbestshowshisloveofcigarsoccurredduringWorldWarII,whenhehadaspecialoxygenmaskdesignedsothathecouldstillsmokehiscigaronahigh-altitudeflight.HisBlackDogThroughouthislife,Churchillprobablysufferedfromdepression,whichhecalledhis＂blackdog＂.Attimes,hisdepressionwassoseverethathedidn’tlikestandingclosetoapassingtrainorlookingattheoceanfromashipbecausehefearedthathewouldcommitsuicide.Whenhewasdepressed,Churchillwouldalmostspendagreatdealoftimeinbedandlosehisabilitytoconcentrate.However,whennotdepressed,Churchillwasfullofenergy,usuallyworkingandtalkinguntiltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Heoften3describedhow＂allthecolorscomebackintothepicture＂.WhydidChurchill’ssecurityteaminsistoncheckingthecigars?TotestiftheyweresafeforChurchill.Toseeiftheywereofthebestquality.C.TomakesuretheywereChurchill’sfavoriteD.Toguaranteetheywerenotoutofdate.WhichofthefollowingbestshowsChurchillHefellinlovewithcigarsatayoungage.Hesmokedmanycigarseveryday.

.’sloveofcigars?C.Heinventedthe＂bellybando＂.D.Hehadanoxygenmaskspeciallydesignedforsmoking.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?Churchillbecameenergeticagain.Churchillremaineddepressed.Churchilldrewcolorfulpictures.Churchilllikedtotalkaboutcolors.Whatisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?AchievementsofChurchillAnecdotesaboutChurchillPersonalitiesofChurchillHobbiesofChurchill【文章粗心】丘吉爾是英國(guó)最受歡迎的首相，文章介紹丘吉爾的一些奇聞逸聞。1.A【分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段的句子＂althoughhissecurityteaminsistedonecigarfromeachboxbesentoffandtestedforpoison.＂可知，丘吉爾的安全隊(duì)伍堅(jiān)持要檢查雪茄，為了檢測(cè)能否它們對(duì)丘吉爾是安全的。應(yīng)選A。3.A【分析】推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章最后一段的句子＂However,whennotdepressed,Churchillwasfullof4energy,usuallyworkingandtalkinguntiltheearlyhoursofthemorning.＂可知，丘吉爾精力充足的時(shí)候，常常工作和談話直到清晨。下文是他對(duì)精力充足的描繪。故選A。4.B【分析】標(biāo)題判斷題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和第一段的句子＂WhilehisheroicstandagainsttheNazisiswellknow,therearestillafewfactsaboutthepopularpoliticianthatmightsurpriseyou.＂可知，文章主要介紹丘吉爾的奇聞逸聞。應(yīng)選B。二、七選五(2018·云南省昆明市高三復(fù)習(xí)教課質(zhì)量檢測(cè))HowtoMakeaChineseHotPotEatingaChinesehotpotisaverycommonexperience.Peoplegatheraroundthepot,dippingtheirfood,waitingforittocook,mixingtheirownseasonings(調(diào)味品)andenjoyingeachother'scompany.__1__Firstly，preparealargepotofsoup.Thereisnorightorwrongwaytoprepareasoup,sofeelfreetomakeyourown.Asimplesoupcanbemadebyboilingwaterwiththeadditionofmeatbonesorfishheadsandamixtureofherbs,seasoningsandvegetables.Then,cutavarietyofmeatsandfishintothinslices.__2__Chooseanyfoodthatyouenjoy.SomecommonchoicesforaChinesehotpotincludethinpiecesofbeef,pork,lambandsoon.Youcanmakeyourhotpotusingthemoretraditionalmethodofusingthemeatsandseafoodthatarelocaltoyou.Meanwhile,select,washandpreparesomevegetables.__3__MushroomsofallkindsarealsocommontoChinesehotpotpreparations.__4__Athome,asinglehotpotwouldworkwellupto8peopledependingonthesizeofthepot.Makesureeveryoneissittinginacircleandhaseasyaccesstoeverythingonthetable.Prepareaseparatesmalldishforeachguesttomixtheirseasonings.__5__A．Finally,arrangetheseatingreasonably.B．Nowcomestheturntoenjoyyourhotpot!C．Itwillguaranteethattheitemswillcookquicklyandfully.D．HerearesomeeasystepstomakeaChinesehotpotathome.E．Formorevariety，considerdumplings，ricecakesandtangyuan.F．Popularchoicesinclude：cabbage,pealeaves,wintermelonandtomato.5G．Itusuallylastsacoupleofhoursbecauseyouarecookingandeatinginsmallparts.【文章粗心】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。吃火鍋在中國(guó)是常有的，本文介紹了做火鍋的步驟。1．答案與分析：D'依據(jù)該空地點(diǎn)并聯(lián)合本文標(biāo)題“HowtoMakeaChineseHotPot”可知，空處承前啟后，引出下文對(duì)怎樣做火鍋的表達(dá)，故D項(xiàng)與此處般配。2．答案與分析：C'依據(jù)前一句中的“cutavarietyofmeatsandfishintothinslices”可知，要將各樣肉和魚(yú)切成薄片，據(jù)此能夠判斷，這樣就能保證食品能很快煮熟，故C項(xiàng)正確。3．答案與分析：F'依據(jù)前一句“Meanwhile，select，washandpreparesomevegetables”可知，同時(shí)要選擇、沖洗并準(zhǔn)備一些蔬菜，據(jù)此能夠判斷，空處列舉常有的用于火鍋的蔬菜，故F項(xiàng)正確。4．答案與分析：A'依據(jù)空地方在地點(diǎn)可知，空處為該段主題句；依據(jù)第二、三段第一句中的“Firstly”、“Then”并聯(lián)合該段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹做火鍋的最后一步：合理安排好座位，故A項(xiàng)正確。5．答案與分析：B'依據(jù)空地方在的地點(diǎn)并聯(lián)合語(yǔ)境可知，在火鍋的各樣準(zhǔn)備工作完成后，就應(yīng)當(dāng)開(kāi)始享受了，故B項(xiàng)正確。三、短文改錯(cuò)假設(shè)英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間互換改正作文，請(qǐng)你改正你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅波及一個(gè)單詞的增添、刪除或改正。增添：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下邊寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把剩余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。改正：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線，并在該詞下邊寫(xiě)出改正后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其改正均僅限一詞；2．只同意改正10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。(2018·福州市高三畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性練習(xí))DearBen，Asgraduationisdrawnear，I'dliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyouforyourkind.Inthelastthreeyears，youhadsharedmyjoysandsorrows，makingmyschoollifeunforgettable.IrememberverymuchthatyousentmetohospitalwhenIhadmyleftlegbreak.DuringthedayswhenIhadtostayinthebed，youcomfortedmeandhopemyfriendshipwilllastforeverandIalsohopeallyourdreamswillcometrulyin6thefuture.Bestwishes!Yours，LiHua【答案】DearBen，Asgraduationisdrawnear，I'dliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyoufordrawingyourkind.kindnessInthelastthreeyears，youhadsharedmyjoysandsorrows，makingmyschoolhavelifeunforgettable.IrememberverymuchthatyousentmetohospitalwhenIhadmywellleftlegbreak.DuringthedayswhenIhadtostayinthebed，youcomfortedmebrokenandhelpedme∧mylessons.Itisyourfriendshipwhichfillsmylifewithwiththatsunshine.IhopemyfriendshipwilllastforeverandIalsohopeallyourdreamswillourcometrulyinthefuture.trueBestwishes!Yours，LiHua第一處：draw改為drawing?？疾靹?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：跟著畢業(yè)的鄰近，我想對(duì)你的善意表示衷心的感謝。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，該處用此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按馬上發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。第二處：kind改為kindness?？疾烀~。依據(jù)形容詞性物主代詞“your”可知，該處用名詞形式。第三處：had改為have?？疾靹?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)該句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“Inthelastthreeyears”可知，此處表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去持續(xù)到此刻并有可能持續(xù)下去，故用此刻達(dá)成時(shí)。句意：在過(guò)去的三年時(shí)間里，你分享了我的快樂(lè)和悲傷，讓我的學(xué)校生活令人難忘。第四周：much改為well?？疾旄痹~。句意：我清楚地記得，當(dāng)我的左腿受傷時(shí)，你將我送到醫(yī)院。由句意可知，該處表示“清楚地記得”，故將much改為well。第五處：break改為broken?？疾爝^(guò)去分詞。leg和動(dòng)詞break之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用havesth.done構(gòu)造，故用過(guò)去分詞。第六處：刪除the?？疾旃谠~。inbed為固定用法，意為“臥病在床”，故刪除the。第七處：在my前加with?？疾旖樵~。句意：在我不得不臥病在床的那些天里，你寬慰7我并幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)功課。helpsb.withlessons為固定搭配，意為“幫助某人補(bǔ)習(xí)功課”，故在my前加with。第八處：which改為that?？疾熘厣昃湫汀＞湟猓菏悄愕挠亚樽屛业纳錆M了陽(yáng)光。剖析該句構(gòu)造可知，該句為重申句，被重申的部分是“yourfriendship”，故將which改為that。知識(shí)貯備：重申句型的構(gòu)造是：Itis(was)＋被重申部分＋that(who)＋句子的其余成分。被重申部分能夠是主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。重申的主語(yǔ)假如是人，能夠由who取代that。第九處：my改為our?？疾齑~。句意：我希望我們的友情長(zhǎng)存，我還希望你所有的夢(mèng)想在未來(lái)都成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。依據(jù)句意可知，該處表示“我們的友情”，故應(yīng)用our。第十處：truly改為true?？疾煨稳菰~。cometrue為固定搭配，意為“成為現(xiàn)實(shí)”，come在此處為系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞。四、語(yǔ)法填空(2018·濰坊模擬)Allthepartsofthehumanbodyworktogether,althougheachonehasitsspecialparttodo.Thestomachmusthaveatime__1__(rest)betweenmeals.Theotherpartsofthebodyrequirerest,too.Thisthey__2__(usual)getwhileweareasleep.Wemustnotfailtogivethemenoughrest,ortheywillsoonget__3__(wear)outandgiveustrouble.Sometimes,whenpeoplearenotwell__4__tiredout,theyfindtheycannotsleepfootbath,__6__drawsthebloodawayfromthebrain,frequentlywillbefound__7__(benefit).Aglassofhotmilkorcocoa,__8__(take)justbeforegoingtobed,oftenwillhavethesameeffect.Ifthesleeplessnessisaresultofindigestion(消化不良),aplaindietwillrelieve.Sleepinguponahardbedwithoutanypillowsometimes__9__(produce)thedesiredeffect.Alwayshaveplentyoffreshairintheroom.Keepthemindfreefromthecaresoftheday.Nevertakea