202X202X學(xué)年高一英語外研版（）選擇性必修第一冊Unit5RevealingnatureSectionⅠ導(dǎo)學(xué)講義Unit5Revealingnature背景導(dǎo)學(xué)你喜歡大自然嗎?你對植物的世界了解嗎?本文介紹了當(dāng)多葉植物受到攻擊時,它們不會坐以待斃,而是會釋放出某種化學(xué)物質(zhì)。這可能是對其他植物發(fā)出的一種預(yù)警,也可能是自我保護的一種方式。Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn＇tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungpletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalsefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganicpounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It＇saplant＇swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighbors＇react.Someplantspumpoutellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Ontheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbeeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,

itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationscanhelptheneighbors.Thedageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon＇tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustdeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinfortionwasexchanged,butitwasn＇tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,iginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintite(親密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There＇sawholelotgoingon.【譯文】當(dāng)多葉植物受到攻擊時,它不會坐以待斃。早在1983年,兩位科學(xué)家杰克·舒爾茨和伊恩·鮑德溫就在報告中說,被昆蟲咬傷的小楓樹會散發(fā)出一種鄰近植物能感應(yīng)到的特殊氣味。這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)植物的受傷部位,似乎是一個警報。植物通過空氣排出來的是揮發(fā)性有機化合物的混合物,簡稱VOCs。科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),所有種類的植物在受到攻擊時都會釋放出揮發(fā)性有機化合物。這是植物哭泣的一種方式。但是有人在聽嗎?顯然有。因為我們可以看到“鄰居”的反響。

有些植物發(fā)出有臭味的化學(xué)物質(zhì)以使昆蟲遠(yuǎn)離它們。但也有些植物承當(dāng)雙倍的責(zé)任。它們大量排出用來吸引對于攻擊者來說是天敵的不同昆蟲的香味。一旦它們到達(dá),“餐桌”就會被反轉(zhuǎn),正享用午餐的攻擊者現(xiàn)在變成別人的午餐了。一項又一項研究之后,這些化學(xué)溝通看起來能夠幫助它們的鄰居。第一個被攻擊的植物受到的傷害通常較嚴(yán)重,但周圍的植物相對來說是更平安的,因為它們聽到了警報,知道該怎么做。這是否意味著植物相互交談?科學(xué)家們不知道。也許第一個植物只是因為疼痛哭了起來,或者正在向自己的枝條發(fā)送信息,所以,實際上是在跟自己說話。也許周圍的植物只是碰巧“無意中聽到”了哭泣,所以信息被交換。但這并不是一個真實的,有意識的信息來往。早在150多年前,查爾斯·達(dá)爾文設(shè)想了一個比我們可以看到和聽到的更加繁忙、嘈雜和親密的世界。我們的知覺很弱,有相當(dāng)多的事情正在發(fā)生。SectionⅠStartingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.課標(biāo)單詞1.單詞拼寫①sample/?sɑ?mp(?)l/n.樣本②suspect/s??spekt/v.猜測,疑心,覺得③evolution/?i?v??lu??(?)n/n.進化(論)2.根據(jù)英文釋義選詞填空finchdisgraanstorbeakseed①beak:the

hardpointedorcurvedouterpartofabird＇smouth②finch:asllbirdwithashortstrongbeak③disgra:thelossofotherpeople＇srespectandapprovalbecauseofthebadway.hasbehaved④seed:thesllhardpartprodudbyaplant,fromwhichanewplantcangrow⑤anstor:apersoninyourfamilywholivedalongtimeago3.詞匯拓展①distant/?d?st?nt/adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的→distan/?d?st?ns/n.距離②geologist/d?i??l?d??st/n.地質(zhì)學(xué)家→geology/d?i??l?d?i/n.地質(zhì)學(xué)→geological/?d?i???l?d??kl/adj.地質(zhì)(學(xué))的③evolve/??v?lv/v.進化→evolution/?i?v??lu??(?)n/n.演變;進化(論)④generate/?d?en?re?t/v.產(chǎn)生;創(chuàng)造→generation/?d?en??re??n/n.(能源的)產(chǎn)生;一代人Ⅱ.情境詞塊1.answerthecall響應(yīng)號召2.firstchoi最正確選擇3.beadisgra是恥辱,是丟臉的事4.leadto導(dǎo)致5.ofalltime有史以來6.inquestion討論中的;不確定7.becrowdedwith充滿,滿是8.etoexist開始存在9.atthesametime同時10.adaptto適應(yīng)11.inspire.todosth.鼓勵某人做某事12.avarietyof多種多樣的13.aordingto根據(jù)14.beregardedas被看作15.beginwith以……開始Ⅲ.情境佳句1.句型公式who引導(dǎo)的定語從句教材原句Itwasayoungnwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutpletinghisdegree.嘗試翻譯這個年輕人從醫(yī)學(xué)院肄業(yè)。

2.句型公式現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語教材原句What＇smore,hehadrentlyreivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgratoyourselfandallyourfamily”.嘗試翻譯而且,在他剛收到的父親的來信中,父親預(yù)言他將會成為“自己和全家人的恥辱”。3.句型公式形容詞短語作狀語教材原句Theyoungninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanils.嘗試翻譯我們提到的這個年輕人就是地質(zhì)學(xué)家和博物學(xué)家查爾斯·達(dá)爾文,他對巖石和動植物有著濃厚的興趣。4.句型公式so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句教材原句ButDarwin＇sscientificstusweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.嘗試翻譯但是達(dá)爾文的科學(xué)研究很有說服力,以至于越來越多的人開始接受他的理論。Ⅰ.文本理解Step1Readingfortheinidea.Whatistheinideaofthetext?A.IntroduhowOntheOriginofSpecieswaswritten.B.TellwhyCharlesDarwintravelledontheBeagle.C.SharewhowasCharlesDarwinwithreaders.D.Introduhowatheoryofevolutionwasdiscovered.答案DStep2Readingforthe

structure.Fillinthefollowingblankswithproperwords.Step3Readingforthedetails.Choosethebestansweraordingtothetext.1.WhendidCharlesDarwinbeginhisjourneyofdiscovery?A.In1831.B.In1835.C.In1836.D.In1859.答案A2.WhatinterestedDarwinthemostontheGalápagosIslands?A.Fishes.B.Birds.C.Forests.D.Islands.答案B3.AordingtoDarwin,howdidnewspeciesofplantsandanilsetoexist?A.Theycamefromthesamepla.B.TheyappearedonEarthtogether.C.Theyevolvedfromtheiranstors.D.Theyoftenchangedthemselves.答案C4.Whatcausedthetheoryofevolutiontoappear?A.Darwin＇sjourneyontheBeagle.B.ThewritingofOntheOriginofSpecies.C.ThererksfromDarwin＇sfather.D.Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle.答案AⅡ.難句突破1.[圖解難句][自我分析]這是一個主從復(fù)合句,其中who引導(dǎo)定語從句,主句局部為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),theBeagle是theship的同位語,過去分詞短語yetlittleknown是后置定語,修飾countries。[嘗試翻譯]貝格爾號的船長想要招募這樣一名船員,這名船員將能“借此時機訪問遙遠(yuǎn)而鮮為人知的國家并從中受益”。2.[圖解難句][自我分析]這是一個并列復(fù)合句,第一分句中When引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句;第二分句為強調(diào)句,強調(diào)主語。

[嘗試翻譯]1835年,當(dāng)貝格爾號抵達(dá)加拉帕戈斯群島時,達(dá)爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)了各種各樣的新物種,但最令他感興趣的是鳥類。Ⅲ.文本復(fù)述Step1QuestionAnswering根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容答復(fù)以下問題。1.HowandwhendidCharlesDarwingoaboardontheBeagle?CharlesDarwinansweredthecallofthecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,andin1831heleftEnglandontheship.2.Whatdidthejourneygivehim?Thejourneygavehimthechantostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenviroents.3.OntheGalápagosIslandsin1835,whatinterestedhimthemost?WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslands,thebirdsinterestedhimthemost.4.Bystudying,whatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanilscametoexist?Theyevolvedfromearlieranstors.5.WhatwasputforwardbyDarwin?Heputforwardatheoryofevolution.6.WhenwashisbookOntheOriginofSpeciespublished?Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Step2TextReing將以上句子連成一篇語言流暢、用詞準(zhǔn)確、邏輯嚴(yán)密的60詞左右的短文。

CharlesDarwinansweredthecallofthecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,andin1831heleftEnglandontheship.Thejourneygavehimthechantostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenviroents.WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslands,thebirdsinterestedhimthemost.Bystudying,hegottheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanilscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlieranstors.Later,heputforwardatheoryofevolution.HisbookOntheOriginofSpecieswasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.板塊一語言知識1.Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.貝格爾號的船長想要招募這樣一名船員,這名船員將能“借此時機訪問遙遠(yuǎn)而鮮為人知的國家并從中受益”。(教材P50)Paraphrase:Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,neededsomeonewhowouldbenefitfromthechantovisitcountriesthatwerefarawayandunknown.語言點1distantadj.遙遠(yuǎn)的;遠(yuǎn)親的;疏遠(yuǎn)的情境探究①Itwasdifficulttogettoknowherbecauseshealwayskepteveryoneatadistan.很難去了解她,因為她總是與每個人保持距離。

②She＇salwaysverydistantandcold,soIhavetokeepheratadistan.她總是很冷淡和疏遠(yuǎn),所以我不得不與她保持距離。③Thepicturewhereagirlisstaringatthemountaininthedistanlooksmorebeautifulatadistan.那幅一個女孩凝望遠(yuǎn)山的畫,從遠(yuǎn)處看會更漂亮。歸納拓展distann.距離inthedistan在遠(yuǎn)處atadistan隔一段距離;從遠(yuǎn)處atadistanof...在……遠(yuǎn)的地方keep.atadistan與某人保持距離keepone＇sdistanfrom...與……保持距離,疏遠(yuǎn)……學(xué)以致用(1)單句填空①Hewantedtogetawayfromeverything,sohemovedtoadistant(distan)land.②Travelersshouldnotfeedthewildanilsinaclosedistanbecausetheyyattackpeople.③Therailwaystationisatadistanoftwomilesfromourschool.(2)單句寫作④往更遠(yuǎn)處看,我可以欣賞白雪皚皚的群山。Fartherinthedistan,Icouldenjoytheviewofsnowymountains.2.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain＇sfirstchoi.來應(yīng)聘的人并不是船長心中的理想人選。(教材P50)語言點2answerthecall響應(yīng)號召情境探究①Ican＇tanswerthetelephone.Iamhavingabath.我不能接,我正在洗澡。

②Youwillhavetoanswerforyourbehaviouroneday.總有一天你要為你的行為承當(dāng)責(zé)任。③IwishIknewtheanswertoyourquestion.但愿我知道你的問題的答案。④Idon＇tquiteknowwhattosayinanswertoyourquestion.我不太清楚如何答復(fù)你的問題。歸納拓展(1)answerv.答復(fù);答復(fù);應(yīng)答;適合;符合answerto.(forsth.)向某人(為某事)負(fù)責(zé)(2)answern.答復(fù);答案;回應(yīng);足以媲美的人theanswerto...……的答案(to為介詞)inanswerto答復(fù),應(yīng)答,響應(yīng)溫馨提示answerfor后可接名詞或代詞,一般不接that從句,假設(shè)要接這類從句,通常應(yīng)先接it作形式賓語。學(xué)以致用(1)單句填空①Theanswertothisquestionisnowunderexploration.②Knowingherwell,Icanrtainlyanswerforherhonesty.③Thedoctorcameatoninanswertoourtelephonecall.(2)單句寫作④我不能保證他是老實的。Ican＇tanswerforhishonesty.3.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientific

discoveriesofalltime.盡管如此,他的這次乘船探險之旅將帶來有史以來最重要的一項科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。(教材P50)語言點3ofalltime有史以來情境探究①AtonetimeIusedtogoskiingeverywinter.曾經(jīng)有一段時間,我每年冬天都去滑雪。②Sheranupthestairstwoatatime.她一步兩階地跑上樓梯。③Hefinishedofftwobowlsofnoodlesinnotime.他很快就吃完了兩碗面條。④Theletterwasinmypocketallthetime.這封信一直在我的口袋里。⑤AtnotimecouldIhavesaidsuchathing.我決不會講出這種話。歸納拓展allthetime一直atatime依次;每次atalltimes總是atonetime曾經(jīng),一度ontime準(zhǔn)時innotime立刻intime及時atnotime永不;在任何時候都不(該短語位于句首時,句子要用局部倒裝)fromtimetotime有時,間或,偶爾學(xué)以致用(1)單句填空①WeshallbelandinginParisinsixteenminutes,exactlyontime.②Theworsttornadoofalltimeourredin1925,

affectingthreeUSstates:Missouri,IllinoisandIndiana.③Keepyourheadup,andlookaroundyoufromtimetotime.(2)一句多譯在任何時候你都不應(yīng)該放棄讀書。④Atnotimeshouldyougiveupstudying.⑤Youshouldnotgiveupstudyingatanytime.4.Theyoungninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanils.我們提到的這個年輕人就是地質(zhì)學(xué)家和博物學(xué)家查爾斯·達(dá)爾文,他對巖石和動植物有著濃厚的興趣。(教材P50)語言點4inquestion討論中的;有疑問;不確定情境探究①Theladyinquestionisnotintheoffinow.談到的那位女士現(xiàn)在沒在辦公室。②Children＇slivesareindangereverytimetheycrossthisroad.孩子們每次過這條馬路都面臨著生命危險。③Wemusttrytoliveinpeaandharmonywithourselvesandthosearoundus.我們必須努力和我們自己及周圍的人和睦相處。④Welookedateachotherinsilen.我們相顧無言。

⑤Eventhoughyouareinpower,youcan＇tjustdowhateveryouwant.即使你當(dāng)權(quán),你也不能為所欲為。歸納拓展“in+名詞”短語,in表示“(目前狀態(tài)、形勢)處于……中”。indanger處于危險中indebt負(fù)債indoubt疑心inpea和平地;平靜地insilen沉默地inpower當(dāng)權(quán)insurprise驚訝地introuble處于麻煩中學(xué)以致用(1)單句填空①Thedamwasindangerbecauseoftherisingflood.②Theexistenofglobalwarmingisinquestion.(2)單句寫作③我總是很疑心他對這個問題的解釋。I＇mratherindoubtabouthisexplanationforthisquestion.5.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanilshehadcollected.在南美洲度過一段時間后,他的船艙里堆滿了收集到的動植物樣本。(教材P51)語言點5becrowdedwith充滿……;擠滿……情境探究①Thebandplayedandthecrowdcheered.樂隊表演,觀眾歡呼。②Thousandsofpeoplehavecrowdedintotheslltown.成千上萬的人涌入了這個小鎮(zhèn)。

③Ieasilyspottedhiminthecrowdbecausehewasverytall.因為他個子非常高,所以我在人群中很容易就認(rèn)出了他。歸納拓展(1)becrowdedwith=befilledwith=befullof擠滿……(2)crowdn.人群acrowdof一群crowdsof成群的(3)crowdv.聚集,擁擠crowdinto涌入學(xué)以致用(1)單句填空①Hotelsarefullybookedandthenarrowstreetsarecrowdedwithwonderfulcustomers.②Helosthiswalletyesterdaywhenhewasinacrowded(crowd)bus.(2)單句寫作③這家餐館在用餐時間總是客滿。Therestaurantisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.6.Ashestudthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciesetoexist?當(dāng)他研究這些樣本時,他產(chǎn)生了疑問:這些不同的物種是如何產(chǎn)生的?(教材P51)語言點6etoexist開始存在情境探究①Nothingexistsonthemoonasthereisnowaterandnoair.月球上沒有東西生存,因為沒有水和空氣。②Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameintoexisten.沒有人知道這種風(fēng)俗是什么時候開始有的。

③Doyoubelieveintheexistenofghosts?Perhapstheyonlyexistinthemindsofsomepeople.你相信鬼魂的存在嗎?或許它們只存在于一些人的想象中。④Stevenwrotehimanoteaskinghimtoetohisapartment.斯蒂芬給他寫了張便條,請他去自己的。歸納拓展(1)existvi.存在;生存;生活existin存在于……existon依靠……生存,依靠……生活(2)existenn.存在;生存eintoexisten開始存在;產(chǎn)生;成立inexisten現(xiàn)存的;現(xiàn)有的(3)eto蘇醒;到達(dá);共計;被想起;談到誤區(qū)警示exist是不及物動詞,不用于被動語態(tài),通常不用進行時。學(xué)以致用(1)賞句猜義①Ineverexpectedthosefewitemstoetosomuch.共計②WhenhecametoandraisedhisheadhesawBarney.蘇醒③I＇mbeyondmydepthwhenitestonaturalsciens.談到(2)單句填空④Theycan＇texistonthemoneyhe＇searned.⑤Thishousehasbeeninexisten(exist)fornyyears.7.Maybeanilsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenviroents?也許動物在適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境時進化了?(教材P51)語言點7adaptto適應(yīng)情境探究①Itwastheculture,ratherthanthe

language,thatdeithardforhimtoadapttothenewenviroentabroad.是文化而不是語言使得他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。②TheauthorisgoingtoadapthisnovelforTVseries.這位打算把他的小說改編成電視劇。③ThisTVplaywasadaptedfromahistoricalnovel.這部電視劇改編自一部歷史小說。④Theadaptationoftheplayforaradionuscriptwaseasy.把劇本改編成播送稿很容易。歸納拓展(1)adaptv.(使)適應(yīng)adapt(oneself)to使(某人自己)適應(yīng)……(2)adaptv.改編adaptfrom根據(jù)……改編adapt...for...把……改編(改裝)為……(3)adaptationn.適應(yīng);改編;改編的作品(4)adaptableadj.可適應(yīng)的;有適應(yīng)能力的易混辨析adopt采用,采納;收養(yǎng);正式通過adapt改寫;改編;適應(yīng);適合詞匯助記Theyoungcouplehadnochildrenoftheirownandadoptedaboyaftertheearthquake.Afterafewmonths,theboycametoadapthimselftothelifeinthenewhome.這對年輕夫妻沒有他們自己的孩子,在地震后收養(yǎng)了一個男孩。幾個月后,這個男孩適應(yīng)了新家庭的生活。

學(xué)以致用(1)單句填空①Threeofhernovelshavebeenadaptedfortelevision.②ThisnewfilmissaidtobeadaptedfromanovelbyJaneAusten.③Theworldwillbedifferent,andwewillhavetobepreparedtoadapttothechange.(2)單句寫作④隨著時間的推移,我逐漸適應(yīng)了學(xué)校的生活。Astimewentby,Igraduallyadaptedmyselftotheschoollife.8.WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.1835年,當(dāng)貝格爾號抵達(dá)加拉帕戈斯群島時,達(dá)爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)了各種各樣的新物種,但最令他感興趣的是鳥類。(教材P51)語言點8avarietyof各種各樣的情境探究①Someexpertsbelievethatthetwolanguagevarietiesaremovingcloserandcloser.一些專家認(rèn)為這兩種語言變體正越來越接近。②Awidevarietyofflowerswereonshowinthestreet.街上展出了各種各樣的花。③Iwasimpressedbythevarietyofdishesonoffer.供給的菜肴之豐富讓我印象深刻。

④Opinionsonthisttervaryfrompersontoperson.對于這件事,人們意見不一。⑤Themenuvarieswiththeseason.菜單隨季節(jié)而變動。歸納拓展(1)varietyn.種類;變體,變種;變化,多樣化thevarietyof...……的種類a(wide)varietyof.../varietiesof...各種各樣的……(2)varyv.相異;改變varyin...在……方面不同varyfrom...to...從……到……不等varywith...隨……變化而變化(3)variousadj.各種各樣的誤區(qū)警示“avarietyof+名詞”作主語,謂語動詞與名詞的數(shù)保持一致;“thevarietyof+名詞”作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。學(xué)以致用(1)單句填空①Thesecarsvaryinsize,pri,colourandsoon.②Weyhavevarious(vary)waystodealwithsuchasituation.③Thevarietyofapplesis(be)astonishing.(2)單句寫作④我們經(jīng)常看到無意識的肢體語言的例子,但也有“習(xí)得的”肢體語言,這種肢體語言在不同的文化中各不相同。Weseeexamplesofunconsciousbodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso“l(fā)earned”bodylanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.9.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshad

evolvedfromamonanstor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.達(dá)爾文猜測這些雀鳥都是由共同的祖先進化而來的,這些雀鳥的祖先很久以前就來到了這片群島。(教材P51)語言點9suspectv.猜測,疑心,覺得情境探究①Ibegantosuspect(that)theyweretryingtogetridofme.我開始覺察出,他們正在試圖擺脫掉我。②Suspectingnothing,hewalkedrightintothetrap.他毫無覺察,徑直走入陷阱。③Someoftheevidentheyprodudwashighlysuspect.他們出示的證據(jù)中有些相當(dāng)成問題。④Isuspectedhimofstealingthejewelryfromthestore.我疑心他從這個商店偷了珠寶。⑤Theyoungnismoreinigentthanwesuspectedhimtobe.這個年輕人比我們猜測的更聰明。歸納拓展(1)suspect+n./pron.疑心……suspect+that/wh-從句猜測/疑心/覺得……suspect./sth.tobe疑心某人/某事……suspect.of...疑心(某人有……罪)(2)suspectn.嫌疑犯;嫌疑分

子(3)suspectadj.不可信的;靠不住的;可疑的學(xué)以致用(1)賞句猜義①Ifyoususpectagasleak,donotstrikeatchoreventurnonanelectriclight.疑心②Thepolihavenownarroweddowntheirlistofsuspects.嫌疑犯③Hisfitnessissuspect,sowecan＇triskincludinghimintheteam.不可信的(2)單句填空④Theysuspectedmeofhavingahandintheaffair.⑤Nobodycanpossiblysuspectwhathesays.10.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.這本書直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起轟動。(教材P51)語言點10句型公式:not...until...直到……才……情境探究①Ifyoudon＇tunderstandanything,youyresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureitout.如果你有任何事不明白,你可以研究、學(xué)習(xí)以及和其他人交談直到你弄明白為止。②Leavethebandageinpositionuntilthedoctorsyoutoremoveit.讓繃帶保持原樣,直到醫(yī)生叫你拆掉為止。③NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.直到你告訴我,我才知道這件事。④Gaudiworkedontheprojectfrom1882untilhisdeathin1926.高迪從1882年起從事這項工程直至1926年去世。

⑤You＇renotgoingoutuntilyou＇vefinishedthis.你沒把這事做完就不準(zhǔn)出去。歸納拓展(1)在含有until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞(如live、;當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為短暫性動詞(如go、e、leave、finish等)時,主句常用否認(rèn)形式。wait、work等)時,主句常用肯定形式(2)not...until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,假設(shè)notuntil置于句首,主句要用局部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),而從句不用倒裝。(3)until也可用作介詞,后接名詞作賓語。學(xué)以致用(1)單句填空①Whentheredlightison,pleasestopandwaituntilthegreenlightison.②Hedidn＇tapologizetomeuntilherealizedthathewaswrong.(2)句式升級③Shedidn＇tfindhermotheraliveuntiltwodaysaftertheearthquake.→Notuntiltwodaysaftertheearthquakedidshefindhermotheralive.11.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.而這一切都開始于貝格爾號的探索之旅。(教材P51)語言點11beginwith(=startwith)以……開始情境探究①Ajourneyofa

thousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.[諺語]千里之行,始于足下。②TheteacherbeganthelessonwithanEnglishsong.老師以一首英文歌曲開始了這節(jié)課。③Tobegin/startwith,wehaven＇tenoughmoney;andsecondlywehaven＇tenoughtime.首先,我們沒有足夠的資金;其次,我們沒有足夠的時間。歸納拓展(1)begin...with...以……開始……(動詞短語)(2)tobegin/startwith首先,第一(常作插入語,相當(dāng)于副詞)學(xué)以致用(1)單句填空①Toworkoutaplan,onehastostartwithaninvestigation(調(diào)查).②Tobegin(begin)with,theauthor＇sname,MarkTwain,isitselfaninvention,orthe“penname”.(2)單句寫作③演出以一段五十多歲的人耳熟能詳?shù)囊魳烽_始。Theshowstarted/beganwithapieofmusicfamiliartopeopleintheirfifties.板塊二課文對譯用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~句補全教材原文。AJourneyofDiscoveryThecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisiting

distant①countriesyetlittleknown”.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain＇sfirstchoi.Itwasayoungnwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutpletinghisdegree.What＇smore,hehadrentlyreivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgrato②yourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime③.[文本解讀]該段簡單介紹了應(yīng)聘登上貝格爾號的年輕人的情況以及家人對他的評價等信息,雖然未被看好,但他的這次乘船探險之旅將帶來有史以來最重大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅貝格爾號的船長想要招募這樣一名船員,這名船員將能“借此時機訪問遙遠(yuǎn)①而鮮為人知的國家并從中受益”。來應(yīng)聘的人并不是船長心中的理想人選。這個年輕人從醫(yī)學(xué)院肄業(yè),并且在他剛收到的父親的來信中,父親預(yù)言他將會成為“自己和全家人的恥辱②”。盡管如此,他的這次乘船探險之旅將帶來有史以來③最重要的一項科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。Theyoungninquestion④,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanils.HeleftEnglandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechantostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnatural

enviroents.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwith⑤samples⑥oftheplantsandanilshehadcollected.Ashestudthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciesetoexist⑦?[文本解讀]本段承接上文,指出應(yīng)聘者是達(dá)爾文,以及他是如何產(chǎn)生“這些不同的物種是如何產(chǎn)生的”這一想法的。我們提到的④這個年輕人就是地質(zhì)學(xué)家和博物學(xué)家查爾斯·達(dá)爾文,他對巖石和動植物有著濃厚的興趣。1831年,他搭乘貝格爾號從英格蘭啟程。這次旅程給了他研究自然環(huán)境中各種生物的契機。在南美洲度過一段時間后,他的船艙里堆滿了⑤收集到的動植物樣本⑥。當(dāng)他研究這些樣本時,他產(chǎn)生了疑問:這些不同的物種是如何產(chǎn)生⑦的?Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsin.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henotidthatsomespeciesofanilswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanilsevolved⑧astheyadaptedto⑨t(yī)heirchangingenviroents?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreeviden.[文本解讀]該段首先陳述當(dāng)時人們的觀點,通過銜接詞“But”進行轉(zhuǎn)折,引出達(dá)爾文在他旅行期間注意到的事情,從而激發(fā)他去進一步尋找證據(jù)。

當(dāng)時,人們認(rèn)為所有的物種都是同時出現(xiàn)在地球上的,并從此再無變化。但達(dá)爾文開始有了不同的想法。他注意到,有些不同物種的動物彼此間很相似。也許動物在適應(yīng)⑨不斷變化的環(huán)境時進化⑧了?雖然這只是一個設(shè)想,但足夠鼓勵達(dá)爾文去尋求更多的證據(jù)。WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost⑩.Darwinnotidthattherewasadifferenbetweenthefinches?oneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeaks?hadevolvedaordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.[文本解讀]該段介紹了達(dá)爾文在他乘船探索至加拉帕戈斯群島時,他對鳥類產(chǎn)生了極大的興趣,從而進一步推動他的發(fā)現(xiàn)。1835年,當(dāng)貝格爾號抵達(dá)加拉帕戈斯群島時,達(dá)爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)了各種各樣的新物種,但最令他感興趣的是鳥類⑩。達(dá)爾文注意到,在群島中的每一個小島上,雀鳥?之間有所不同。它們的喙?似乎是根據(jù)所在島嶼上可覓得的食物進化而來的。Darwinsuspected?thatthefincheshadevolvedfromamonanstor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintonynewspecies.Andthat

wastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanilscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlieranstors.[文本解讀]通過觀察雀鳥讓他對“新動植物物種是如何產(chǎn)生的”這個問題確定了答案:它們從早期的祖先進化而來。達(dá)爾文猜測?這些雀鳥都由共同的祖先進化而來。很久以前,雀鳥的祖先來到這片群島,隨著時間的推移,慢慢進化成許多新的種類。于是,關(guān)于動植物的新種類是如何產(chǎn)生的這個問題就有了答案:它們是從早期的祖先進化而來的。Itwasapletelynewidea—atheoryofevolution?.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm?.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghuns,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywereshocked.ButDarwin＇sscientificstusweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory?.[文本解讀]本段介紹了進化論的提出及其產(chǎn)生的影響。這是一個全新的觀點——進化?論。達(dá)爾文在他的《物種起源》一書中解釋了這一理論。這本書直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起轟動?。很多人拒絕相信包括人在內(nèi)的所有生命都是從更低級的生命形

式進化而來的。他們對此感到震驚。但是達(dá)爾文的科學(xué)研究很有說服力,以至于越來越多的人開始接受他的理論。?Today,OntheOriginofSpeciesisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.Anditallbeganwith?thejourneyontheBeagle.[文本解讀]該段介紹了《物種起源》這本書的重要意義以及影響,而這些都源于達(dá)爾文乘貝格爾號的航行。如今,《物種起源》被認(rèn)為是迄今為止最重要的著作之一。它地改變了人類對于地球上生命的認(rèn)識。而這一切都開始于?貝格爾號的探索之旅。Ⅰ.語境填詞1.Intheearlyyears,athletesatemushroomsandplantseeds(種子)toimprovetheirperforn.2.Thesalesnbroughtsomesamples(樣品)ofhisfirm＇sproducts.3.NotonlyisyourrkinEnglishadisgra(恥辱),butyouhaveevenfailedinthetics.4.Isuspected(疑心)thathedidn＇tmethetruth.5.Asageologist(地質(zhì)學(xué)家),heuncoversthepla＇spastbylookingatitsrocks.6.Thedirectanstor(祖先)ofthemoderncatwastheKaffircatofancientEgypt.7.Thesuessandfailureofalanguagegenerate(產(chǎn)生)fromthesamesour.8.Pleaserememberthatsomebirdshaveverypowerfulbeaks(喙).Ⅱ.

語境選詞ofalltime,inquestion,becrowdedwith,etoexist,adaptto,avarietyof,beregardedas,beginwith1.Certainformsofknowledgeetoexistinrtainplas.2.Heisuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime.3.Myhouseusedtobecrowdedwithvisitors,butnowvisitorsarefewandfarbetween.4.Thelightingofawoodfirebeginswithsllpiesofwood.5.Itisregardedasnaturalbehaviorthatanhelpstheolddownstairs.6.Thenewteacherwasveryslowtoadapttotheunusualrulesoftheschool.7.Shedethechildrengladinavarietyofways.8.Thenewideasareinquestionatpresent,andwe＇reawaitingfinaldecisionsfromtopnagement.Ⅲ.完成句子1.直到那時他才認(rèn)識到這個問題的重要性。(notuntil位于句首)Notuntilthendidherealizetheimportanoftheproblem.2.療效因人而異。(varywith)Theeffectofthetreatmentvarieswithdifferentindividuals.3.他們走得那么快,我沒法跟上。(so...that...)TheywalkedsofastthatIcouldnotkeepupwiththem.4.他們都謹(jǐn)慎地避開這位嚴(yán)肅的教授。(distan)Theywerecarefultokeeptheirdistanfromtheseriousprofessor.5.我們不能去。首先,天氣太冷。另外,我們沒有錢。(begin)Wecan＇tgo.Tobeginwith,it＇stoocold.Besides,wehavenomoney.Ⅳ.課文語法填空CharlesDarwinwasageologistandnaturalist,whowasfascinatedbyrocks,plants

andanils.He1.left(leave)Englandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechantostudy2.various(vary)livingthingsintheirnaturalenviroents.AfterDarwin3.hadspent(spend)sometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowded4.withsamplesoftheplantsandanilshehadcollected.Ashestudthese,heasked5.himself(him)thequestion:howdiddifferentspeciesetoexist?Henotidthatsomespeciesof6.anils(anil)wereverysimilartoeachother.WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,7.butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnotidthattherewasadifferenbetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Overtime,ithad8.slowly(slow)evolvedintonynewspecies.Andthatwas9.hownewspeciesofplantsandanilscametoexist.Itwasapletelynewidea—atheoryof10.evolution(evolve).Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever,whichallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.Ⅰ.單句填空1.Notuntilthendid(do)herealizetheimportanoftheproblem.2.Thedrugissuspectedofcausingover200deaths.3.Awidevarietyofflowerswere(be)plantedinthegarden.4.ThisplayisadaptedfromanovelwrittenbyDack.5.Doyouknowwhenthiskindof

robotcameintoexit/existen(exist)?6.Ican＇teasilygiveananswertoyourquestion.7.Thecityntreandshopsareonlyashortdistan(distant)away.8.Inthecourseofevolution(evolve),somebirdshavelostthepowerofflying.9.Thedirtywallsareadisgratotheschool.10.Don＇tmixupthetwokindsofvegetableseeds(seed).Ⅱ.同義替換beginwith,generate,becrowdedwith,evolve,leadto,distant,inquestion,inspire1.Apolinsaidthatthewholetterwasbeingconsidered.(inquestion)2.Thepany,NewEnglandElectric,burnscoaltoprodupower.(generate)3.Thefloodresultedinaconsiderablereductioninproduction.(ledto)4.Thefarmhouseisremotefromotherbuildings.(distant)5.Well,ybeitwouldbeeasiertostartwithasllerproblem.(beginwith)6.Theideaistoencouragepeopletogettoknowtheirneighbours.(inspire)7.Theinstreetisfilledwithvehicleseverymorning.(iscrowdedwith)8.Eachschoolmustdevelopitsownwayofworking.(evolve)Ⅲ.教材原句翻譯1.貝格爾號的船長想要招募這樣一名船員,這名船員將能“借此時機訪問遙遠(yuǎn)而鮮為人知的國家并從中受益”。

Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.2.來應(yīng)聘的人并不是船長心中的理想人選。Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain＇sfirstchoi.3.1835年,當(dāng)貝格爾號抵達(dá)加拉帕戈斯群島時,達(dá)爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)了各種各樣的新物種,但最令他感興趣的是鳥類。WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.4.它直到1859年才出版,出版后立即引起轟動。Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.5.但是達(dá)爾文的科學(xué)研究很有說服力,越來越多的人開始接受他的理論。ButDarwin＇sscientificstusweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.Ⅰ.閱讀理解(202X山東肥城泰西中學(xué)高二上第一次月考)Hundredsofyearsago,aRonarmycamenorthfromEnglandtokewaronScotland.TheScots,abravepeople,lovedtheircountry.Theyfoughthard

todrivetheenemyoutofScotland.ButthereweretoonyoftheRons.ItlookedasiftheRonswouldwin.Onenight,theleaderoftheScotsrchedhissolrstothetopofahill.“Wewillrestheretonight,mymen,”hesaid.“Tomorrowwewillfightonemorebattle.Wemustwin,orwewill.”Theywereallverytired.Sotheyatetheirsupperquicklyandfellasleep.Therewerefourguardsonduty,buttheywereverytired,too,andonebyone,theyfellasleep.TheRonswerenotasleep.Quicklytheygatheredatthefootofthehill.Slowlytheywentupthehill.ClosertheycametothesleepingScots.Theywerealmostatthetop.Afewminutesmorethewarwouldbeover.Suddenly,oneofthemputhisfootonathistle(薊).HecriedoutandhissuddencrywoketheScots.Inaminutetheywereontheir