獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)先復(fù)習(xí)：分詞作狀語的用法1.分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語(就是指語義上的主語)必須與整個句子的主語一致。2.一般地，若句子主語與分詞之間存在主謂關(guān)系(主動語態(tài))，用現(xiàn)在分詞（包括一般式和完成式）；句子主語與分詞之間存在動賓關(guān)系(被動語態(tài))，則用過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式（包括一般式和完成式）。如：主動：1）Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.聽到這個好消息，他高興得跳了起來。2）Seriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentohospital.

由于傷得嚴(yán)重，他只好被送往醫(yī)院。3）Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.

大火持續(xù)了近一個月，幾乎沒剩下什么有用的東西。4）Thewomanscientistenteredthelab,followedbyherassistants.那位女科學(xué)家走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，后面跟著她的助手們。5）Oncelosingthischance,youcan’teasilyfindit.一旦失去這次機(jī)會你就很難再找回。6）Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindfromtimetotime.他趕緊回家，不時地向后看。7）Havingheardthis,thewomanscientistexpressedhersatisfaction.聽到這一點(diǎn)，那位女科學(xué)家表示滿意。被動：1）Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.多給點(diǎn)時間，我們會做得更好。2）Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldyouletitslipaway?人家給了你這樣一個好機(jī)會，你怎么能輕易放過？獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：若分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，分詞前須加上自己的邏輯主語（名詞或主格代詞），這個結(jié)構(gòu)叫分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。簡單地說，一個大句子由兩個主語不一樣的小句子合成，其中一個小句子就要用獨(dú)立主格形式。一、獨(dú)立主格的構(gòu)成：邏輯主語(名/代)+其他1.邏主+分詞：一般而言，現(xiàn)在分詞用于主動或正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞用于被動或已經(jīng)完成。1)Weather

permitting,

we

are

going

to

visit

you

tomorrow.(=Iftheweatherpermits.(表?xiàng)l件)2)Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.(=Whenwintercomes.(表時間)3)Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.(補(bǔ)充說明)我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活4)Thegirlstaringathim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn'tknowwhattosay.姑娘兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好。5)Thebossbeingill,we’dbetterputthemeetingoff.(=Thebossill,….邏主非代詞，being可省略.參見“2.邏主+形容詞”)6)Leavesfallinghereandthere,Isuddenlynoticeautumnisdrawingupon.樹葉到處飄，我猛然意識到已是深秋了。7)Theproblemssolved,thequalityhasbeenimproved.(=Astheproblemsweresolved)隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。8)Theplansuccessfullycarriedout,everythingworkedoutperfectly.

計(jì)劃成功地完成了，一切進(jìn)展順利。9)The

test

finished,

we

began

our

holiday.(=

When

the

test

was

finished,

we

began

our

holiday.)10)The

president

assassinated(謀殺),

the

whole

country

was

in

deep

sorrow.=

After

the

president

was

assassinated,

the

whole

country

was

in

deep

sorrow.11)Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.=Herworkwasdone,soshesatdownforacupoftea)12)The

meeting

gone

over,

everyone

tired

to

go

home

earlier.13)Moretimeandmoremoneygiven,wecanfinishtheworkinadvance.

如果給予更多的時間和金錢，我們能提前完成這個工作。14)Supperfinished(=Aftersupperwasfinished),westartedtodiscussthepicnic.吃完晚飯，我們開始討論野餐的事。15)Allthingsconsidered（Ifallthingsareconsidered）,yourarticleisofgreatervaluethanhers.

全面考慮起來，你的文章比她的文章更有價值。16)Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.積蓄用完后，我們都開始找工作。17)Hiscupbroken,heusedhisbowlinstead.茶杯破了，他就用碗來代替?！咀⒁狻俊?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時間或原因狀語時，可用完成時，表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。18)Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.聽眾就座后，音樂會開始了。19)Tomehavingbeenlateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.Tom總是遲到，他的老板很失望?！?dú)立主格中的being或havingbeen?？墒∪?，如：20)Themeeting(being)over,alllefttheroom.（句中over也可看作邏主+副詞的結(jié)構(gòu)）21)Allthewindows(being)open,theairintheroomisfresher.

所有的窗戶開著，屋子里的空氣更新鮮了。22)Allthetickets(havingbeen)soldout,wehadtowaitforthenextweek’sshow.所有的票都賣完了，我們只好等下周的演出。23)Thework(havingbeen)finished,shesatdowntohavearest.※當(dāng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的beingdone表示“正在被做”時，being不可省略；當(dāng)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是代詞如it,there（therebe句型）時，being不可省略。24）ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.25)Therebeingnodanger,thepolicewentbacktotheirpoliceoffice.26)Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.27)Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.

沒有別的事可做，我們就回家了。28)Therehavingbeennorain,thecropsweredying.（完成式，強(qiáng)調(diào)雨在旱死之前。）※特殊獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞短語和不定式作獨(dú)立成分。A.有些分詞短語可以作為習(xí)慣用語，獨(dú)立存在于句子中修飾全句，而沒有邏輯上的主語（找不到主語），又稱為“懸垂結(jié)構(gòu)”。這些短語有：generallyspeaking一般來說franklyspeaking坦白說strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格來說talkingof談到speakingof說到j(luò)udgingfrom/by由…判斷considering考慮到allowingfor考慮到supposing假設(shè)takingallthingsintoconsideration把一切考慮在內(nèi)puttingitmildly溫和地說providing/provided如果，只要1)Dannyhastoomuchhomeworkconsideringthatheisyoung.

考慮到Danny還小，他的作業(yè)也太多了。2)Consideringthetime,wehavedecidedtostartearlytomorrow.考慮到時間，我們決定….3)Talkingofthecomputer,Ilikeitverymuch.談到這臺電腦，我非常喜歡。4)Judgingfromwhathesaid,hemustbeanhonestman.

由他所說的來判斷，他一定是一個誠實(shí)的人。5)Franklyspeaking,heisnotsobadasyoumightshink.坦白地說，他...※provided(that)providing(that)通用，前者更普遍，相當(dāng)于if從句，“如果，只要”。6)Ishallgoprovided(that)itdoesn’train.7)Providedyoudidn’ttrytomakesenseofit,itsoundedbeautiful.只要你不非得弄懂它的意思，...8)Providingwehavethemoney,we’llvisitEuropenextyear.如果我們有了這筆錢，我們...B.有些固定短語是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場和態(tài)度，在句中作獨(dú)立成分。這些短語有：tobehonest老實(shí)說tobesure確實(shí)tobefrank坦率地說totellyouthetruth說實(shí)話tocutalongstoryshort長話短說tomakematter/thingsworse更糟糕的是

5)To

tell

you

the

truth,

I

made

a

mistake

in

the

word

spelling.

說實(shí)話，我犯了一個拼寫錯誤。6)Tomakethingsworse,manyofthemenhavegoneofftocitiesinsearchofhigherpay,leavingwomenfromnearbyvillagestocarryonwiththework.更糟的是，許多男人都到城市里找高薪的工作區(qū)了，留下附近村莊的婦女繼續(xù)承擔(dān)修復(fù)工作。2.邏主+形容詞/副詞：相當(dāng)于一個未帶動詞的“主—系—表”結(jié)構(gòu)1.)Somanypeopleabsent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.這么多人缺席，會議不得不取消。2)Theconditionfavorable,hemaysucceed.(=Iftheconditionisfavorable,hemaysucceed)3)He

came

into

the

room,

his

ears

red

with

cold4)Hewalkedoutoftheroom，faceredwithanger5)Thegroundmuddy,weshouldbecareful.6)Thissectionofroadslippery,everydrivershouldbecareful.此路段很滑，所有司機(jī)都應(yīng)小心謹(jǐn)慎。7)Heissleeping,hismouthhalfopen.8)Theboysaid，turningtotheman，hiseyesopenedwideandhishandraised.（表伴隨狀態(tài)）9)Nobodyin,thethieftookalotofthingsaway.(=Asnobodystaysin...)10)Musicover,alltheaudiencestoodupwithfitsofapplause.

音樂一結(jié)束，所有的觀眾都站了起來報(bào)以熱烈的掌聲。3.邏主+名詞1)Hefoughtthewolf,astickhisonlyweapon.(=astickbeinghisonlyweapon.)=Hefoughtthewolf,usingastickashisonlyweapon.2)Twohundredpeoplecamehereforholiday,manyofthemchildren.兩百人來此度假，其中大部分是兒童。3)Manystudentsjoinedinthemathcompetition,mostofthemchildrenofnomorethan10.很多學(xué)生參加了這次數(shù)學(xué)競賽，其中大多數(shù)人年僅10歲。

4)Ireceivedmanygifts,manyofthembooks.我收到很多禮物，其中很多是書籍。4.邏主+介詞短語：相當(dāng)于不帶動詞的“主—系—介詞短語”結(jié)構(gòu)1)He

came

out

of

the

library,

a

large

book

under

his

arm.2)Mr.Smithisreadingnewspapers,feetinthebasin.3)Hesatatthetable,coatoff,headdown.4)Marywassittingnearthefire,herbacktowardsthedoor.瑪麗靠近火爐坐著，背對著門。5)Manyexpertsattendedtheconference,mostofthemfromtheStates.很多專家參加了此次會議，其中很多人來自美國。6)Thesoldiersdashedin,rifleinhand.士兵們沖了進(jìn)來，手里端著步槍。7)Thenlastnight，Ifollowedhimhere，andclimbedin，swordinhand.（作狀語，表示伴隨情況）【注意】1)當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時，及物動詞用現(xiàn)在分詞，不及物動詞用過去分詞。

Helaythere,histeethset,hishandsclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.

他躺在那兒，牙關(guān)緊閉，雙拳緊握，兩眼直視上方。2)在“邏主+介詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞前后的兩個名詞均不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞）,也不用復(fù)數(shù)。

如：Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.(hand前不能加his)

劫匪手里拿著刀闖進(jìn)了房間。MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯小姐走進(jìn)了課室，手里拿著一本書。Hewasstandingthere,pipeinmouth.……嘴里叼著一支煙。Flagonshoulder,thesoliderrushedtothetopofthebuilding.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限。比較：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinherhand.5.邏主+不定式（表示將要發(fā)生的動作）1)Wedividedthework,hetocleanthewindowsandItosweepthefloor.=Wedividedthework,hewastocleanthewindowsandIwastosweepthefloor.2)Nobodytocometomorrow,wewillhavetoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.

如果明天沒有人來，我們將把會議推遲到下周.3)Theboytoleadtheway，wewillfindthehouseeasilytomorrow.（表原因。明天將帶路。）有小男孩帶路，我們明天會很容易找到那座房子。※邏輯主語與不定式之間是主動關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次具體性的動作。4)Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個飛機(jī)模型。5)Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.他們道別后，一個回了家，一個去了書店。6)Anumberofofficialsfollowedtheemperor,sometoholdhisrobe,otherstoadjusthisgirdle.許多官員跟在皇帝后面，有的拎著皇帝的長袍，其他的則給他整理腰帶等.二、with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的一種，在句中表示“原因，結(jié)果，伴隨，方式”等情況。在with/without的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with能省略，但without不能省略?！鵺ith/without+

賓語

+

形容詞1)Thechildrenwerelisteningtotheteacher

withtheireyeswideopen.

2)Withhissonsodisappointing,theoldmanfeltunhappy.由于兒子如此令人失望，老人...※with/without+

賓語

+

副詞3)Theproudgirlwalkedaway

withherheadup.

4)Theboywaswalking,withhisfatherahead.父親在前，小孩在后走著。5)Withthemealover，weallwenthome.(時間)※with/without+

賓語

+

介詞短語6)Theoldmanusedtotakeawalk

withastickinhishand.(with結(jié)構(gòu)中可用冠詞及物代)7)Hestoodatthedoor,withacomputerinhishand.(獨(dú)立主格不用)=Hestoodatthedoor,computerinhand.他站在門口，手里拿著一部電腦。8)Hefoughtthewolf,withastickashisonlyweapon.=Hefoughtthewolf,astickhisonlyweapon.9)Themasterwaswalkingupanddownwiththerulerunderhisarm。10）Hewaswalkingalongtheroadwithoutanystreetlightsonitsbothsides.

他走在一條沒有路燈的馬路上?！鵺ith/without+

賓語

+

現(xiàn)在分詞11)Maryfeltveryshy

withsomanyeyeslookingather.

12)Withhimsittingnexttoher，shefeltsafe.13)Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.14)Withoutanyonenoticing,Islippedthroughthewindow.=Anyonenotnoticing,Islippedthroughthewindow.15)Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.※with/without+

賓語

+

過去分詞16)Withoutanymoneyleft，hehadnochoicebutto(無do有to)borrowsomefromhisfriend.17)Withoutawordmorespoken,sheleftthemeetingroom.她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。18)Withtheproblemsettled,theywerehappyandrelaxed.問題解決了，他們又高興又輕松?！究筛膶憺楠?dú)立主格“邏主+過分”結(jié)構(gòu)：Theproblemsettled，…】19)Ifyousitlookingawayfromaperson,or

withyourbackturned,itmeansthatyouarenotinterestedinthatperson.

20)Alltheafternoonheworked

withthedoorlocked.整個下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。21)Withoutanythingleftinthecupboard，shewentouttogetsomethingtoeat.(原因)※with/without+

賓語

+

不定式22)Withtoomuchworktodothenextday,hefeltanxiousanddidn’tsleepwell.23)Thekidfeelsexcitedwithsomanyplacesofinteresttovisit.有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動。24)Hecouldnotfinishitwithoutmetohelphim.(條件)25)Helayinthedarkemptyhouse，withoutaman，womanorchildtosay.(伴隨)※with

復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)放在句末，多表示伴隨狀況；放在句首，多表示“原因”或“條件”。26)Don’tsleepwiththewindowsopen.

別開著窗睡覺。27)Hestoodbeforehisteacherwithhisheaddown.

他低著頭站在老師面前。28)Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.

他和衣躺在床上。29)Shecamein

withabookinherhand.

她手里拿著一本書走了進(jìn)來。30)Hefellasleepwiththelampburning.

他沒熄燈就睡著了。31)Iwon’tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.

因?yàn)閶寢層胁。覠o法去度假。32)Hesattherewithhiseyesclosed.

他閉目坐在那兒。33)Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.

整個下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。34)Ican’tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.

要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了。(句尾表原因35)Withhermotherawayfromhome,

thelittlegirlfeltlonely.

（原因）由于她媽媽不在家，這個女孩感到很孤單。36)Withtheguideleadingtheway,

Ihadnodifficultyfindingtheirvillage.

（原因。已經(jīng)帶過路。）因?yàn)橄驅(qū)罚覜]怎么費(fèi)事就找到了他們的村子。37)Withtheboytoleadtheway，wewillfindthehouseeasilytomorrow.（原因。明天將帶路。）有小男孩帶路，我們明天會很容易找到那座房子。三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的作用：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要表示謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句或并列句。（1）用作時間狀語1)Theworkdone,wewenthome.【=Aftertheworkhadbeendone】工作完成后我們就回家了。2)Myworkhavingbeenfinished，Iwenthome.我干完工作后就回家了3)Themeetingover，theyleftthehall.會議結(jié)束之后，他們離開了大廳（2）用作原因狀語4)Animportantlecture

tobegiventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.

【=Asanimportantlecturewillbegiventomorrow】因?yàn)槊魈煲l(fā)表一個重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。5)Mywatchhavingbeenlost，Ididn'tknowwhattimeiswas.我的表丟了，我不知道現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn).6)Therebeingnobus，wehadtowalkhome.沒有公共汽車，我們只好走好回家（3）用作條件狀語7)Timepermitting，Ishallgotothecinemawithyou?！?Iftimepermits】如果時間允許，我就和你去看電影。8)Weatherpermitting，weshallgoouting.如果天氣許可，我們就去郊游。（4）描述伴隨行為或補(bǔ)充說明9)Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishands

crossedunderhishead.

他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后?！綼ndhishandswerecrossedunderhishead】10)Hehadmaybeathousandtapes,allneatlylabelled.

他約有1000盒磁帶，都整齊地貼著標(biāo)簽?！緒hichwereallneatlylabelled】11)Maryenteredtheroom，withabigappleinherhand.瑪麗手里拿著一個大蘋果走進(jìn)了房間。12)Hewasdoinghishomework，hisfathersittingaside.他在正做家庭作業(yè)，父親坐在旁邊。四、獨(dú)立主格與狀語從句（或并列句）互換：※獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時間、條件或原因時，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說明時，相當(dāng)于一個并列句，通常放于句末。當(dāng)狀語從句（或并列句）的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時，可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句（或并列句），不再保留連詞。如：Afterclasswasover【Class(being)over】,thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.Aftersupperwasfinished【Supperfinished】,westartedtodiscussthepicnic.Ifallthingsareconsidered【Allthingsconsidered】,yourarticleisofgreatervaluethanhers.全面考慮起來，你的文章比她的文章更有價值?！鶎?shí)例:（劃橫線為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）1.Theworkdone,wewenthome.(=Aftertheworkhadbeendone)工作完成后，我們就回家了。2.Weatherpermitting,theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.(=Ifweatherpermits)如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。3.Animportantlecturetobegiventomorrow,theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.(=Asanimportantlecturewillbegiventomorrow)因?yàn)槊魈煲l(fā)表一個重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。4.Hewaslyingonthegrass,handscrossedunderhead.他躺在草地上，將兩手交叉枕在腦后(=andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).5.Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo.我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。(=andeachmanwasworkingliketwo.)6.Afterclasswasover,thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下課后，學(xué)生很快離開了教室。(=Classbeingover/Classover,...)7.Whentheclockwasstrikingtwelve,Iwenttobed.(=Theclockstucktwelve

andIwenttobed.并列句)(=Theclockstrikingtwelve,...獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))典例分析1.Notfarfromtheschooltherewasagarden,_________ownerseatedinitplayingchesswithhislittlegrandsoneveryafternoon.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.that【分析】如果誤認(rèn)為句中逗號后是一個非限制性定語從句，whose在定語從句中用作定語修飾其后的名詞owner，則易誤選B。但，空格后根本不是一個句子，因?yàn)闆]有謂語。seated和playing都是非謂語動詞。很容易誤判其中的seated為謂語動詞，但seat用作動詞時，它總是及物的，要么接賓語(seatsb.)，要么用于被動語態(tài)（beseated）。如果在seated前有系動詞was作謂語動詞，則成為一個定語從句，可以選擇B。所以此句為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的主語不完整，空格處應(yīng)填owner的修飾定語，正確答案選A。（延伸：若將seated改為sitting，也應(yīng)選擇A）2.(1)Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_________translatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that(2)Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_________weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that【分析】(1)如將逗號后視為從句，則會誤選C。但“小說被譯為外文”是被動語態(tài)，應(yīng)有“betranslated”，但translated前并無were，所以這不是一個從句，而是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的“邏主+過去分詞”現(xiàn)象，應(yīng)選B。(2)句是典型的非限制性定語從句，因?yàn)樵摼湫揎椀氖乔懊娴膎ovels，即指物，所以只能用which做of的賓語，故本題選C。綜上1.2.題，只有從句，才能選引導(dǎo)詞，如是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或并列句，不能選引導(dǎo)詞。3.Hewrotealotofnovels,andmanyof_________weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that【分析】此題與上面的第(2)題不同，兩句間多了一個并列連詞and，說明這是一個并列句，不是從句，不能選引導(dǎo)詞which，而應(yīng)選B.them，以構(gòu)成and后句子完整的主語詞組manyofthem。4.Allflights______,wedecidedtotakeagreyhound.

A.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled【分析】選項(xiàng)A和B與Allflights構(gòu)成了句子，但該句沒有任何從屬連詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，與主句之間也無連接詞，因而是錯誤的，A、B應(yīng)排除。選項(xiàng)C和D與Allflights都可構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作原因狀語，但根據(jù)題意，"班機(jī)"是"被取消"的，應(yīng)選D。5.Theproduction______steadily,thefactoryneedsancsupplyofrawmaterial.

A.hasgoneupB.isgoingupC.havinggoneupD.beinggoneup【分析】選項(xiàng)A和B與名詞theproduction構(gòu)成了句子，但該句無連接詞連接兩個句子，因而應(yīng)排除A、B。選項(xiàng)C和D與theproduction都可構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，作原因狀語，但根據(jù)題意，"產(chǎn)量在穩(wěn)步增長"，在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用主動語態(tài)，所以應(yīng)選C?！毩?xí)A：一、獨(dú)立主格與從句互換：1.Thehomeworkdone,Jimdecidedtogoandseetheplay.作業(yè)做完后，Jim決定去看戲。

2.Hershirtcaughtonanail,…l,shecouldnotmove.由于他的襯衫掛在釘子上了，所以她動不了。

3.Becausethewindowwasbroken,thecoldwindblewintotheroom.窗戶壞了，冷風(fēng)吹進(jìn)了房。

4.IfthebookiswritteninsimpleEnglish,itwillbemorepopular.

如果這本書是用簡易英語寫的，它會更暢銷。5.Musicover,alltheaudiencestoodupwithfitsofapplause.

音樂一結(jié)束，所有的觀眾都站了起來報(bào)以熱烈的掌聲。6.Sherushedintotheroom,withaletterinherhand.她手里拿著封信沖了進(jìn)來。7.Saddiesatalone,headbent.Saddie獨(dú)自坐在那里，耷拉著腦袋。

8.Astherewasnobodyin，Ihadtowait.里面沒人，我只好等著。1.Afterthehomeworkwasdone,Jimdecidedtogoandseetheplay.1.Afterthehomeworkwasdone,Jimdecidedtogoandseetheplay.2.Becausehershirtwascaughtonanai3.Thewindowbroken…4.ThebookwritteninsimpleEnglish5.Whenthemusicwasover，......6.…,letterinhand.7....，withhisheadbent.8.Nobodyin,....二、Rewritetheunderlinepartusing“with…”9.Becauseourlessonswereover，wewenttoplayfootball.10.Thechildrencamerunningtowardsusandheldsomeflowersintheirhands.11.Mymotherisill，soIwon'tbeabletogoonholiday.答案：9.Withourlessonsover10.withsomeflowersintheirhands11.withmymotherbeingill三、判斷下列句子是否獨(dú)主結(jié)構(gòu)：12.Themanlayontheground,knockedoutbythebandit.（被土匪砸暈了）13.Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforpicnic.14.Theboysandgirlswereveryhappy,singinganddancing.四、選，填：1.Everything___intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking2.Anexpert___tohelpthemtomorrow,theyaresuretoworkouttheproblem.A.willcomeB,comingC.tocomeD.havingcome3.Themeeting___over,hewenttopickuphissondirectlyA.tobeB.isC.wasD.being4.---Theysatstillintheroom,___.---Whydidtheydolikethat?A.drawingthecurtainsB.withthecurtainsdrawnC.withthecurtainsdrawingD.havingthecurtainsdrawn5.Thesun___,theycontinuedtheirway.A.hasrisenB.havingrisenC.hasraisedD.havingraised6.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecrafts,themostrecent___attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched7.Herearetwovolumes,thethirdone____nextmonth.A.comesoutB.cameoutC.comingoutD.tocomeout8.Withhisson___,theoldmanfeltunhappy.A.todisappointB.tobedisappointingC.disappointingD.beingdisappointed9．---Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.---Sorry.Withsomuchwork___mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled10．Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork__,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished11.___,Ihadtoaskfortwodays’leave.A.MotherbeingillB.MotherillC.AsmotherwasillD.A,BandC12.Withsomanybooks___,Icouldn’tgotosurftheInternet.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.read13.Thethiefstoodbeforethepoliceman____admittingwhathehaddone.A.withhisdroppingheadB.droppinghisheadC.raisinghisheadD.withhisheaddown14.Winter___,itistimetobuywarmclothes.A.hascomeonB.iscomingonC.comingonD.comeson15.Theoldmanlayonhisbackatthecornerofthestreet,hiseyes___andhishands___.A.close,trembleB.closed,tremblingC.closing,tremblingD.closed,trembled146810146810Key：BCDBBBDCBADADCB16.Withnothing_______toburn，thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.A.leaving

B.leftC.leave

D.toleave17.Thegirlsattherequitesilentandstillwithhereyes_______onthewall.A.fixing

B.fixedC.tobefixing

D.tobefixed18.Iliveinthehousewithitsdoor_________tothesouth.（這里with結(jié)構(gòu)作定語）A.facing

B.facesC.faced

D.beingfaced19.Theypretendedtobeworkinghardallnightwiththeirlights____.A.burn

B.burntC.burning

D.toburn20.___________,wewenthome.A.OurhomeworkfinishedB.OurhomeworkhavingbeenfinishedC.OurhomeworkfinishingD.Ourhomeworkbeenfinished21.Time_________,weshallvisitthezoo.A.beenpermitting,B.permittingC.permittedD.havingbeenpermitted22_________,heputonhiscoat.A.ItbeingcoldB.ItiscoldC.BeingcoldD.Ithavingbeencold(16.B17.D18.A19.C20.A21.B22.A)23._____________________（有很多工作要做），Icouldn'tgotoseethedoctor.24.Shesat_______________________（低著頭）。25.Thedaywasbright________________________（微風(fēng)吹拂）.23.Withalotofworktodo24.withherheadbent25.withafreshbreezeblowing※練習(xí)B：(1)ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_________beingforeigners.（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）A.whichB.themC.whomD.that(2)ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_________wereforeigners.（非限制性定語從句）A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that(3)ThereImetseveralpeople,andtwoof_________wereforeigners.（兩個句子）A.whichB.themC.whomD.that(4)There_________nothingmoretodo,Mr.Goodmanleftforhome.（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）A.wasB.beingC.tobeD.hadbeing(答案均為B)Exercise:1.Combinethefollowingfoursentencesintoone,usingnominativeabsolute.Dianastoodmotionlessattheendoftheriver.Herhandswereathersides.Heheelswereslightedraised.Everymuscleanticipatedaction.2.Usenominativeabsoluteandparticipletorewritethesentence.Afterhefinishedhishomework,Jimdecidedtogoandseetheplay.3.Usenominativeabsolutetorewritethesentences.(1)Becausethelastbushadgone,wehadtowalkhome.(2)Ifweatherpermits,thecricketmatchwillbeplayedonWednesday.(3)Heentereduponthenewenterprisecautiously,hiseyeswerewide-open.(4)Afterallthingswereconsidered,IthinkIoughttoawardthejobtoSmith.4.Usenominativeabsolutetojointhesentencesineachgroup.a.Thechildrenwatchedthebusespassingthroughthevillage.Theireyeswerebrightandeager.Wehaveconsideredeverything.Herplanseemsmorepracticable.Therebe句型的兩種非謂語動詞形式引入：一、對比：Itwastoolateforyoutocomehere.主語是you；Itwastoolate，anybuses.邏輯主語是there.選A。A.fortheretobeB.theretobeC.therebeingD.fortherebeing二、直接套用prefersbtodosth句型：Ishouldprefernodiscussionofmyprivateaffairs.there相當(dāng)于sb.，選A；A.theretobeB.therebeingC.thereisD.thereare三、類似于ItbeingSunday，wecangoshopping：主語為it,being為現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，Therenorainforalongtime，thegroundwasburnedblackbythesun.套用，選AA.beingB.havingbeenC.tobeD.hasbeen小結(jié)：Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)以不定式（theretobe）、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞（therebeing）的形式出現(xiàn)在句子中，作主語、賓語或狀語，稱為therebe句型的非謂語動詞形式，there在形式上相當(dāng)于邏輯主語。一、作主語：1.Therebeingashopnearthebuildingisagreatadvantage.在這建筑物附近有個超市是個很大的優(yōu)勢.2.Therebeingnorailwayinthetownisagreatdisadvantage.二、作賓語。動詞賓語tobe，介詞賓語being，但for賓語為tobe.1.Noonewouldhavedreamedoftherebeingsuchagoodplace.（介詞of賓語,being）2.What’sthechanceoftherebeinganelectionthisyear？（介詞of賓語,being）3.Wewereveryworriedabouttherebeingsomuchtimewasted.（介詞about賓語,being）4.Billw