/23/23/2023屆高三年級第一次模擬考試英語考生注意：1．答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whendoesthebookstoreclose?A.Atsix.B.Atseven.C.Ateight.2.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.BubbleBees.B.Theirfavoriterestaurant.C.Tonight,sdinner.3.Whereistheman*scompany?A.InManchester.B.InLondon.C.InBirmingham.4.Whoisprobablyinchargeofthemeeting?A.David.B.Mr,White.C.Thewoman.5.Whycan’tthetwospeakersgointothemainhall?AIlhasnotbeendecorated.B.Thepaintingsarebeingprepared.C.Theflooringwasdamaged.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthemanspeakerwanttoreturnthebooks?A.HecanuseHenry’s.B.Heisbusywithhislecture.C.Hehasfinishedhisschoolpaper.7.Whatmaybetherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson,B.Sisterandbrother.C.Bossandsecretary.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatmaybethefaultofthewoman?A.Sheleftthedooropen.B.Sheleftthewindowopen.C.Shesleptinsidethehouseallday.9.Whatisthenameofthecat?A.George.B.Jane.C.Coco.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Togetopportunitiestotravel.B.Torefusethejob.C.Toknowmoreaboutthejob.11.Whatshouldamarketingassistantdoattheverybeginning?A.Attendmeetings.B.Domarketresearchandwritereports.C.Traveltodifferentcitiestocollectinformation.12.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hewillbeemployedbythecompany.B.Heisexpectingananswerfromthecompany.C.Heknowsamarketingassistantiswantedafterthecall.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Helpthewomanwithherwork.B.Gethelpfromthewoman.C.Haveatalkwiththewoman.14Whatisthewomanbusyworkingon?A.Herhistorypaper.B.Herhousework.C.Hertestpaper,15.Whatdidtheprofessortellthewomantodo?A.Towriteanotherpaper.B.Toaddmorepagestoherpaper.C.Toshowherpapertootherstoday.16.Howdoesthewomanfeelnowprobably?A.Excited.B.Worried.C.Surprised.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WheredidStevestartflying?A.InAmerica.B.InAustralia.C.InChile.18.WhatwasthereasonforStevedelayinghisleaving?A.Therewasaproblemwiththewind.B.Hisburnercontrolstoppedworking.C.Therewasasmallfireintheballoon.19.WhendidSteveswimacrosstheEnglishChannel?A.In1985.B.In1992.C.In2001.20.WhatisStevelike?A.Gentle.B.Generous.C.Adventurous.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheStoryteller’sSecretbyCarmineGallo4.5outof5stars474ratingsHowdidaVeniceBeachT-shirtvendorbecometelevision’smostsuccessfulproducer?Howdidanentrepreneurwhostartedinagaragecreatethemosticonicproductlaunchesinbusinesshistory,andhowdidashymanovercomeaparalyzingfearofpublicspeakingtocaptivatesold-outcrowdsatYankeeStadium?——Theytoldbrilliantstories.ThePsychologyofPersuasionbyPeterDanielAndrei5.0outof5stars865ratingsWhydosomepeopleeffortlesslymakepeopleconvincedwhileotherscan’t?Whydosomepeopleeasilyspeakwithconfidence,fluency,influence,andimpact,whileothersstruggletospeakwell?Whydosomepresentationsbuildsupport,generateconsensus,andmotivatepositiveaction,whileothersdon’t?—Decadesofleadingscientificstudiespresentananswer.B.WhitementsofStylebyWilliamStrunkJr.&E.B.White4.7outof5stars9,707ratingsThisisTheElementsofStyle,theclassicstylemanual,nowinafourthedition.AnewforewordbyRogerAngellremindsreadersthattheadviceofStrunk&Whiteisasvaluabletodayaswhenitwasfirstoffered.ThebookhasgrowntobecometheAmericanEnglishwritingstyleguideoftenrequiredinU.S.highschoolanduniversitycompositionclasses.EliminateNegativeThinkingbyDerickHowell4.4outof5stars990ratingsDoyoufindithardtofallasleepbecauseyourbrainwon’tstopworrying?Doyoufeelstuckinanendlessloopofuncontrollablenegativethoughts?You’renotalone.Around18%ofthepopulationsufferfromanxiety.Thisbookoffersactionablestrategiesthatwillhelpyoueliminatethedeep-seatedcausesofyouranxietyandmanageyourday-to-dayworries.1.WhatisPeterDanielAndrei’sbookbasedon?A.Scientificresearch. B.Experts’suggestions.C.Celebrities’speeches. D.Personalexperience.2.WhatdoesDerickHowellmainlyofferinhisbook?A.Somebrilliantstores. B.Sometypicalexamples.C.Someadvancedtheories. D.Somepracticaltechniques.3.Whichwouldbethebestchoicetohelpimproveourwritingskills?A.TheStoryteller’sSecret.B.ThePsychologyofPersuasion.C.TheElementsofStyle.D.EliminateNegativeThinking.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹了四本有關(guān)于方法指導方面的書籍。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThePsychologyofPersuasionbyPeterDanielAndrei部分中的“—Decadesofleadingscientificstudiespresentananswer.(數(shù)十年的領(lǐng)先科學研究提供了一個答案)”可知，幾十年的科學研究可以給出相關(guān)問題的答案，所以該書基于科學研究。故選A項。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EliminateNegativeThinkingbyDerickHowell部分中的“Thisbookoffersactionablestrategiesthatwillhelpyoueliminatethedeep-seatedcausesofyouranxietyandmanageyourday-to-dayworries.(本書提供了可行的策略，可以幫助您消除焦慮的深層原因并管理日常擔憂)”可知，該書提供了很多可行性策略，所以在書中主要提供的是一些實用的技能。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheElementsofStylebyWilliamStrunkJr.&E.B.White部分中的“ThebookhasgrowntobecometheAmericanEnglishwritingstyleguideoftenrequiredinU.S.highschoolanduniversitycompositionclasses.(這本書已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為美國高中和大學作文課經(jīng)常需要的美國英語寫作風格指南)”可知，該書中涉及到了寫作的風格，所以能夠幫助提高寫作水平的應為TheElementsofStyle。故選C項。BInearlyAugust,HilaryKrieger,now44,wassittinginherparents’Bostonhomewhenherfriendaccidentallysquirted(噴射)himselfwithanorangeslice.Shesaid,“Oh,theorangejustorbisculated.”Andhesaid,“Itdidwhat?”Thetwomadeafive-dollarbet,andHilarygladlygrabbedthefamilydictionarybutfoundtheword“orbisculate”wasnotinit!Hilaryburstintoherdad’sstudyandtoldhimtheshockingnews.Lookingawkward,herfatheradmittedthathehadmadeuptheword“orbisculate”astheactionthathappens“whenyoudigyourspoonintoagrapefruitanditsquirtsjuicedirectlyintoyoureye”.Atfirst,Hilarywasmad.Butshequicklycametoseeherdad’smade-upwordasagift.Itspeakstohiscreativityandtheideathat,evenwhensomethingispainfulandannoying,likegettinggrapefruitjuiceinyoureye,youcanlaughandhavefunwithit.Hilary’sfatherNeilKriegerdiedinApril2020,atage78.SincetheKriegerscouldn’thaveaproperfuneral,HilarywhonowlivesinNewYork,spentalotoftimeonthephonetalkingwithfriendsandfamily,andthe“orbisculate”storykeptcomingup.“Ibegantothink‘orbisculate’issuchagreatword;itshouldbeinthedictionary!”saysHilary.ShecalledheryoungerbrotherJonathan,wholivesinBostonandrunsanonlinecompany.Theirgoalistoputthewordtousepubliclyenoughthatithasachanceofbecomingacceptable.Encouragingpeopletouse“orbisculate”inawidevarietyofcontextswillleaveacompelling(令人信服的)trailofevidenceforlexicographers(詞典編纂者)tofollow.IthasbeenmorethantwoyearssinceNeil’sdeathandhischildrenarestillstrugglingfromtheloss.Buttheircampaigntogettheirfather’swordintothedictionaryhashelpedthemwinbackalittleofthejoythathasbeenmissingfromtheirlives.“Icouldpicturehimbeingreallyexcited,”Jonathansays.“AndnotuntilthatdaydidIknowmyfatherhadcreatedmany‘words’thatwewouldn’tseeinthedictionary.”4.WhatmadeHilaryfind“orbisculate”doesn’texist?A.Apieceofshockingnews.B.Thelatestdictionary.C.Herfather’sstrangereaction.D.Anaccidentbetweenherfriendandher.5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeHilary’sfather?A.Strictandstubborn.B.Optimisticandcreative.C.Flexibleandreliable.D.Determinedandhardworking.6.WhendidHilarydecidetogettheword“orbisculate”intothedictionary?A.Afterherfather’sdeath.B.Whenherfathertoldherthetruth.C.Afterherbrother’srequest.D.Aftersheputthewordtousepublicly.7.Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutinthefollowingpart?A.Hilaryencouragespeopletomakeupmorenewwords.B.TheintroductiontootherwordscreatedbyHilary’sfather.C.ThereplythattheofficialgaveHilaryandherbrother.D.Hilaryandherbrotherwillcontinuetofightfortheirdemand.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是HilaryKrieger的爸爸創(chuàng)造了orbisculate這個詞，她認為這顯示了爸爸的創(chuàng)新精神，她努力想讓這個詞被收錄進詞典。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“herfriendaccidentallysquirted(噴射)himselfwithanorangeslice.Shesaid,“Oh,theorangejustorbisculated.”Andhesaid,“Itdidwhat?”Thetwomadeafive-dollarbet,andHilarygladlygrabbedthefamilydictionarybutfoundtheword“orbisculate”wasnotinit!(她的朋友不小心用橘子片噴了自己。她說：“哦，橙子剛orbisculate了。”他說：“它做了什么?”兩人打了一個五美元的賭，Hilary高興地拿起了家庭詞典，但發(fā)現(xiàn)里面沒有“orbisculate”這個詞！)”可知，她和朋友之間發(fā)生的意外事件讓Hilary發(fā)現(xiàn)“orbisculate”不存在，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Itspeakstohiscreativityandtheideathat,evenwhensomethingispainfulandannoying,likegettinggrapefruitjuiceinyoureye,youcanlaughandhavefunwithit.(這說明了他的創(chuàng)造力和他的想法，即使有些事情很痛苦和煩人，比如葡萄柚汁進眼睛了，你也可以笑著玩。)”可知，Hilary的父親是樂觀和有創(chuàng)造力的，故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Hilary’sfatherNeilKriegerdiedinApril2020(Hilary的父親NeilKrieger于2020年4月去世)”和第四段的“Ibegantothink‘orbisculate’issuchagreatword;itshouldbeinthedictionary(我開始覺得‘orbisculate’是一個多么偉大的詞；它應該在字典里！Hilary說)”可知，Hilary在她父親死后決定把“orbisculate”這個詞收入詞典，故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“AndnotuntilthatdaydidIknowmyfatherhadcreatedmany‘words’thatwewouldn’tseeinthedictionary.(直到那天，我才知道我父親創(chuàng)造了許多我們在字典里找不到的‘詞’。)”可知，接下來的部分可能會介紹Hilary的父親創(chuàng)造的其他詞匯，故選B。CGender(性別)equalityatworkbenefitseveryoneandthewaytogettherefasteristoempowermenasallies(同盟)inthefight.Thedifferencebetweenwomen’sandmen’searningsisonaverage18centsperdollarearned,andevenmorethanthatforwomenofcolor.Afteryearsinwhichwomenhaveformedabouthalfofthecollege-educatedworkforce,thissignificantunchangingpaygapandthelackofrepresentationofwomenintheupperranksofseniormanagementaretroubling.Infact,onlyasurprisinglytiny7.8percentofCEOsatS&P500companieswerefemaleatthecloseof2020.Whyisittakingsolongtobreakthewell-knownglassceilingonceandforall?Atanindividuallevel,menwhoareunwillingtoworkcloselywithwomencanofcoursehaveadamagingeffectonthecareersoftheirfemalecolleagues.Butmenwhoareindifferentaboutgenderequalityandalsowithoutnecessarilymeaningtopreventwomen’sadvancement.However,menhaveneverbeenentirelyabsentfromthestruggletoexpandeconomicaccessandprofessionalopportunityforwomen.In1984theSpeakeroftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesandanothertwoofficials-allmen-spokeoutinfavorofnamingawomantotheDemocraticParty’spresidentialcandidate,andeventually,theymadeGeraldineFerrarothevicepresident,thefirstwomanevertorunonamajorpartyticket.Ferraro’saccesstoanimportantleadershiprolewastheproductnotonlyofdecadesofactivismandprotestbywomenbutalsoofpowerfulmen’sendorsementofthosedemands,apracticethatcontinuestobeimportanttoday.In2020,DemocraticpresidentialcandidateJosephBidenmadeapromisetoselectawomanashisvice-presidentialnominee(候選人)andultimatelysharedelectoralvictorywithrunningmateKamalaHarris,thefirstwomanandfirstpersonofcolortobeelectedvicepresident.Men’svoicesareimportant.Whenmenspeakupagainstgenderdiscrimination,theynotonlybecomeobviousasallieswhocanbecountedontosupportindustryorcompanyrulestoadvanceequality,buttheyalsoimproveawarenessandacceptanceofgenderinequalityasasharedproblem,notaspecialinterest.8.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Thereasonwhygenderequalityishardtoachieve.B.Thereasonwhymenarepowerfulatwork.C.Theresultthatgenderinequalitybringstomen.D.Theresultthatwomen’sadvancementcausestocompanies.9.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“endorsement”underlinedinparagraph4?A.Responsibility. B.Support. C.Ignorance. D.Misunderstanding.10.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SupportofMenIsontheSidelines.B.GenderEqualityIsWomen’sBusiness..C.GenderInequalityIsaCommonProblem.D.TheSecrettoAchievingGenderEqualityatWork:Men11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermayyoufindthistext?A.Education. B.Society. C.Health. D.Entertainment.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是性別平等問題需要男性的加入和支持才能夠得到進一步的解決?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Atanindividuallevel,menwhoareunwillingtoworkcloselywithwomencanofcoursehaveadamagingeffectonthecareersoftheirfemalecolleagues.(在個人層面上，不愿意與女性密切合作的男性當然會對女性同事的職業(yè)生涯產(chǎn)生破壞性影響。)”可知，不愿意與女性工作的男性會對女性同事的職業(yè)生涯有破壞性影響，由此可知，男性的行為是產(chǎn)生性別不平等的原因之一，所以第三段分析的是性別平等很難解決的原因。故選A項?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的“In1984theSpeakeroftheU.S.HouseofRepresentativesandanothertwoofficials-allmen-spokeoutinfavorofnamingawomantotheDemocraticParty’spresidentialcandidate,andeventually,theymadeGeraldineFerrarothevicepresident,thefirstwomanevertorunonamajorpartyticket.(1984年，美國眾議院議長和另外兩名男性官員公開支持提名一名女性為民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人，最終，他們讓GeraldineFerraro擔任副總統(tǒng)，這是有史以來第一位競選主要政黨的女性。)”可知，在男性的幫助之下，GeraldineFerraro成為有史以來第一位競選主要政黨的女性，結(jié)合劃線單詞所在的句子中提到的GeraldineFerraro之所以能與男性平等，不僅是幾十年女性激進主義和抗議的產(chǎn)物，也有有權(quán)勢男性支持的產(chǎn)物，由此可知，劃線單詞的意思是“支持”。故選B項?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“Gender(性別)equalityatworkbenefitseveryoneandthewaytogettherefasteristoempowermenasallies(同盟)inthefight.(工作中的性別平等對每個人都有好處，而更快實現(xiàn)目標的方法是賦予男性作為戰(zhàn)斗中的盟友的權(quán)力。)”以及尾段中的“Men’svoicesareimportant.(男人的聲音很重要。)”可知，性別平等問題的解決需要的是男性的加入和支持，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文的主題是“男性的加入和支持是解決性別平等問題的方法之一”。故選D項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“Gender(性別)equalityatworkbenefitseveryoneandthewaytogettherefasteristoempowermenasallies(同盟)inthefight.(工作中的性別平等對每個人都有好處，而更快實現(xiàn)目標的方法是賦予男性作為戰(zhàn)斗中的盟友的權(quán)力。)”以及下文中所講述的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講述的性別平等這一社會問題，所以文章應該出現(xiàn)在報紙的“社會”部分中。故選B項。DDuringaransomware(勒索軟件)attack,attackersenteratarget’scomputersystemandencrypt(加密)itsdata.Theythendemandapaymentbeforetheywillfreethesystem.Ransomwareisacollectiveproblem,andsolvingitwillrequirejointactionfromcompanies,theU.S.governmentandinternationalpartners.In2020theFederalBureauofInvestigationreceivedmorethan2,400reportsofransomwareattacks,whichcostvictimsatleast$29million.Thenumbersunderestimatethetotalimpactofransomwarebecausenotallorganizationsarewillingtoreportitwhentheyfallvictimtothiskindofcrime.Eventheselimitedstatistics,however,showtheincreasingfearlessnessofransomwareattackers:thenumberofattacksin2020increasedby20percentcomparedwiththatofthepreviousyear,andtheamountofmoneypaidoutmorethantripled.Aslongasvictimskeeppaying,attackerswillkeepprofitingfromthistypeofattack.Butcybersecurityexpertsaredividedonwhetherthegovernmentshouldprohibitthepayingofransoms.Suchabanwoulddiscourageattackers,butitwouldalsoplacesomeorganizationsinamoraldilemma.For,say,ahospital,unlockingthecomputersystemsasquicklyaspossiblecouldbeamatteroflifeanddeathforpatients,andthefastestoptionmaybetopayup.Othersolutionsaremorestraightforwardandinvolvepushingorganizationstoprotectthemselvesbetter.Cybersecuritydefensesmakeitharderforattackerstoaccesssystems.Segmenting(分割)one’snetworkmeansthatbreakingthroughtoonepartofthesystemdoesnotmakealldataimmediatelyavailable.Andregularbackupsallowacompanytofunctionevenifitsoriginaldataareencrypted.Allthesemeasures,however,requireresourcesthatnotallorganizationshaveaccessto.Meanwhile,ransomwarepeopleareadoptingincreasinglyadvancedtechniques.Someworkforweekstogainentrytoacompany’snetworkandthenentertheirsystem,findingthemostvitaldatatoholdhostage(人質(zhì)).Somegroupsdeliberatelycompromiseanorganization’sdatabackups.Otherssellinstructionsandsoftwaretohelpotherattackerslaunchtheirownattacks.Asaresult,securitypersonnelmustengageinaconstantgameofcatandmouse.12.Whatdothenumberslistedinparagraph2mainlytellus?A.Theamountofmoneythatcompaniespaid.B.Theserioussituationsabouttheransomwareattack.C.Thecompaniesthathavebeenattackedbyransomware.D.Theprofitthatattackersgotfromransomware.13.Whatistheattitudeofcybersecurityexpertstoprohibitingthepayingofransoms?A.Favorable. B.Uncaring. C.Mixed. D.Opposed.14.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph4?A.Howattackersenteratarget’scomputersystem.B.Whyweshouldpaymoreattentiontocybersecurity.C.Whichkindofcomputersystemiseasytoattack.D.Whatwecandotodealwithransomwareattacks.15.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthetextimply?A.Thereisstillalongwaytogoaboutcybersecurity.B.Therewillbeaquicksolutiontoransomwareattacks.C.Ransomwaremakesourcomputersystemsadvanced.D.CybersecuritywillbecomethemostworryingproblemoftheUS.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是勒索軟件帶來的威脅，應對的辦法。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“In2020theFederalBureauofInvestigationreceivedmorethan2,400reportsofransomwareattacks,whichcostvictimsatleast$29million.(2020年，美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局收到了2400多份勒索軟件攻擊報告，受害者至少損失了2900萬美元。)”和“Eventheselimitedstatistics,however,showtheincreasingfearlessnessofransomwareattackers:thenumberofattacksin2020increasedby20percentcomparedwiththatofthepreviousyear,andtheamountofmoneypaidoutmorethantripled.(然而，即使是這些有限的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，也顯示出勒索軟件攻擊者越來越無所畏懼：與前一年相比，2020年的攻擊次數(shù)增加了20%，支付的金額增加了兩倍多。)”可知，第二段中列出的數(shù)字主要告訴我們勒索軟件攻擊的嚴重情況。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Butcybersecurityexpertsaredividedonwhetherthegovernmentshouldprohibitthepayingofransoms.(但網(wǎng)絡安全專家在政府是否應該禁止支付贖金的問題上存在分歧。)”可知，網(wǎng)絡安全專家對禁止支付贖金的態(tài)度是既有支持，也有反對，也就是混合的，故選C?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Othersolutionsaremorestraightforwardandinvolvepushingorganizationstoprotectthemselvesbetter.Cybersecuritydefensesmakeitharderforattackerstoaccesssystems.Segmenting(分割)one’snetworkmeansthatbreakingthroughtoonepartofthesystemdoesnotmakealldataimmediatelyavailable.Andregularbackupsallowacompanytofunctionevenifitsoriginaldataareencrypted.(其他的解決方案更直接，包括推動組織更好地保護自己。網(wǎng)絡安全防御使攻擊者更難訪問系統(tǒng)。分割一個人的網(wǎng)絡意味著突破到系統(tǒng)的一部分并不能立即獲得所有數(shù)據(jù)。定期備份可以讓公司在原始數(shù)據(jù)被加密的情況下正常運作。)”可知，從第4段我們可以知道我們?nèi)绾螒獙账鬈浖?。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Asaresult,securitypersonnelmustengageinaconstantgameofcatandmouse.(因此，安全人員必須不斷地進行貓捉老鼠的游戲。)”可知，文章的最后一句話暗示了在網(wǎng)絡安全方面還有很長的路要走。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Needtotakeascreenshot(截屏)onyourWindowsPC?____16____,thereareseveralquickandeasywaystotakescreenshotsinWindows10,Windows11,andWindows8.Thisarticlewillteachyouhowtousekeyboardshortcutsandthebuilt-inSnippingToolapptoscreencapture(捕獲)anyareaofyourWindowsdesktop.1.____17____.Beforeyoucantakeascreenshot,makesurethatthescreenwhichyouwanttoscreenshotisupwithnodistractions(e.g.openwindowsorprograms).2.Findthe“PrintScreen”keyonyourkeyboard.ThePrintScreenkeyismostoftenfoundintheupper-rightsideofthemainkeyboard,anditusuallyhas“SysReq”(“SystemRequirements”)writtenbelowit.____18____.3.PresstheWinkeyandthePrintScreenkeyatthesametime.Doingsowilltakeascreenshotofthecurrentscreen;inmostcases,you’llseethescreendim(變暗)briefly.Yourscreenwon’tdimifyourcomputerhascertaindisplaysettingsdisabled.ThisismostcommononoldcomputerswhichyouupgradedtoWindows10.____19____,trypressingCtrl+Win+PrintScreenorFn+Win+PrintScreen.4.Findthescreenshot.You’llfindthescreenshotinsideofthe“Screenshots”folder(文件夾),whichisinsideofyourcomputer’s“Pictures”folder.____20____.Forexample,thefirstscreenshotyoutakewillbemarked“Screenshot(1)”,etc.A.GotothescreenthatyouwanttoscreenshotB.Ifyourscreenshotdoesn’tappearwhenyoulookforitC.ThisperfectprogramcanbefixedinallWindowscomputersD.WhetheryouwanttomakeafullscreenshotorjustonewindoworareaE.ThePrintScreenkeywillusuallybeprintedas“PrtSc”orsomethingsimilarF.TherecommendedwayforscreenshotsisPNG,duetothehighqualityandsmallfilesizeG.Eachscreenshotthatyoutakewillbemarked“Screenshot(number)”tocorrespondwiththeorderinwhichthescreenshotwastaken.【答案】16.D17.A18.E19.B20.G【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是如何使用鍵盤快捷鍵和內(nèi)置的剪貼工具應用程序來屏幕捕捉Windows桌面的任何區(qū)域?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Needtotakeascreenshot(截屏)onyourWindowsPC?(需要在Windows電腦上截屏?)”和下文“thereareseveralquickandeasywaystotakescreenshotsinWindows10,Windows11,andWindows8(在Windows10、Windows11和Windows8中，有幾種快速簡單的截圖方法)”并結(jié)合根據(jù)常識可知，在電腦上截屏可以是截全屏和截部分區(qū)域，無論哪種，都是有辦法的，D選項“Whetheryouwanttomakeafullscreenshotorjustonewindoworarea(無論您是想要完整的截圖，還是只是一個窗口或區(qū)域)”說明了無論是截全屏還是截部分區(qū)域，都有很多方法，因此D選項承上啟下，符合語境，故選D。【17題詳解】空后“Beforeyoucantakeascreenshot,makesurethatthescreenwhichyouwanttoscreenshotisupwithnodistractions(e.g.openwindowsorprograms).(在你可以截屏之前，確保你要截屏的屏幕沒有干擾（例如打開的窗口或程序）)”說明要截屏，首先要先到要截屏的頁面，A選項“Gotothescreenthatyouwanttoscreenshot(進入要截屏的屏幕)”說明了要先到要截屏的那一頁，故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ThePrintScreenkeyismostoftenfoundintheupper-rightsideofthemainkeyboard,anditusuallyhas“SysReq”(“SystemRequirements”)writtenbelowit.(打印屏幕鍵通常在主鍵盤的右上角，它通常有“SysReq”（“系統(tǒng)要求”）寫在它下面)”可知，空格處應該說PrintScreen鍵在鍵盤上是什么樣的，E選項“ThePrintScreenkeywillusuallybeprintedas“PrtSc”orsomethingsimilar(打印屏幕鍵通常印為“PrtSc”或類似的東西)”說明了PrintScreen鍵的鍵盤上的樣子，因此E選項承接上文，符合語境，故選E?！?9題詳解】空后“trypressingCtrl+Win+PrintScreenorFn+Win+PrintScreen(嘗試按Ctrl+Win+PrintScreen或Fn+Win+PrintScreen)”，是一個祈使句，由此推知，空格處應該說“如果出現(xiàn)某種狀況”，觀察選項可知，只有B選項“Ifyourscreenshotdoesn’tappearwhenyoulookforit(當你尋找你的截圖它沒有出現(xiàn)時)”與后文銜接自然，故選B?！?0題詳解】空前說“You’llfindthescreenshotinsideofthe“Screenshots”folder(文件夾),whichisinsideofyourcomputer’s“Pictures”folder.(你會在“截圖”文件夾中找到截圖，該文件夾位于你電腦的“圖片”文件夾中。)”，空后說“Forexample,thefirstscreenshotyoutakewillbemarked“Screenshot(1)”,etc.(例如，您截取的第一張截圖將被標記為“截圖（1）”等。)”，因此空格處應該說截取的圖片會用什么辦法標記，G選項“Eachscreenshotthatyoutakewillbemarked“Screenshot(number)”tocorrespondwiththeorderinwhichthescreenshotwastaken.(您所截取的每張截圖都將被標記為“截圖（編號）”，以對應截圖的順序。)”說明了截圖被標記的方法，承上啟下，符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Notlongago,Iwasatagrocerystore,andanelderlymaninfrontofmewasusingaSupplementalNutritionAssistanceProgramcard-whatweusedtocallfoodstamps.Thecardreaderkept____21____hispayment.He’dapparentlygoneoverhis____22____forthemonth.Hewasconfusedabouthowit’dhappenedandmorethanalittle____23____aboutthesituation.WhileIwastryingtodecideifthemanwouldbedispleasedor____24____ifIofferedtostepinandpaythe____25____,theyoungcashiersaid,“Sir,thishappensallthetime.It’snotaproblem.Ipromisewecan____26____asolutiontogether.”Thelinebehinduswasgrowinglong,butthecashierdidn’tshowany____27____oranger.He____28____themanwasoverhislimitforthemonthbutwasn’toverbymuch,sohehelpedthecustomer____29____whichthingshecouldmakedowithoutuntilhis____30____wasrefilled.Itwas____31____thatthecashierhaddonethisbefore.Hetoldhisoldcustomeronceagainthatthiswasacommon____32____andnotaproblematall.Themanleftwithhisdignity____33____.Hewould____34____haveasenseofloyalty(忠誠)tothatgrocery-storechain.Whenitwasmyturn,I____35____thecashier’snameonhisnametag.AndwhenIgothome,Isentanemailtothemanagerofthestoreto____36____theemployeeforhiskindnessandcustomerservice.Igotareplywiththanksfromthemanager,lettingmeknowthatmyremarkswouldbe____37____intheemployee’sfileandnotedeachtimehewasupfora____38____.Whilehisactofkindnesshadapositiveinfluenceonthelifeofsomeonewhowas____39____thatday,Ihopemyactofkindness____40____hadapositiveeffectonthatcashier’scareer-andpossiblyhispaycheck.21.A.delaying B.searching C.rejecting D.repeating22.A.limit B.demand C.expectation D.requirement23.A.regretful B.angry C.frightened D.embarrassed24.A.proud B.grateful C.curious D.peaceful25.A.rent B.fine C.agreement D.difference26.A.figureout B.endup C.relyon D.bringin27.A.stress B.worry C.impatience D.disbelief28.A.warned B.confirmed C.acknowledged D.reflected29.A.share B.deliver C.remember D.determine30.A.account B.blank C.cheque D.pocket31.A.natural B.important C.obvious D.normal32.A.explanation B.occurrence C.mistake D.dilemma33.A.undamaged B.discovered C.increased D.overlooked34.A.unwillingly B.coincidentally C.luckily D.undoubtedly35.A.reviewed B.noticed C.compared D.wrote36.A.recommend B.forgive C.praise D.choose37.A.included B.folded C.measured D.needed38.A.regulation B.negotiation C.celebration D.promotion39A.defending B.struggling C.competing D.starving40.A.atfirst B.atonce C.atleast D.atmost【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.B25.D26.A27.C28.B29.D30.A31.C32.B33.A34.D35.B36.C37.A38.D39.B40.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講的是作者在一家連鎖雜貨店購物時目睹一名年輕的收銀員對一位食物券余額不足的老年顧客的熱心服務，回家后作者給該連鎖雜貨店的經(jīng)理發(fā)了一封電子郵件，盛贊該收銀員，希望此舉也能對給他人生活產(chǎn)生積極影響的年輕收銀員的職業(yè)生涯也帶來積極的影響。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：讀卡器一直拒絕他的支付。A.delaying推遲；B.searching搜索；C.rejecting拒絕；D.repeating重復。根據(jù)下文“themanwasoverhislimitforthemonthbutwasn’toverbymuch”可知，讀卡器一直拒絕他的支付。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他顯然已經(jīng)超出了這個月的限額。A.limit限度，限制；B.demand要求；C.expectation期待；D.requirement要求。根據(jù)下文“themanwasoverhislimitforthemonthbutwasn’toverbymuch”可知，他顯然已經(jīng)超出了這個月的限額，空格處意為“限度，限制”。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他對事情是怎么發(fā)生的感到困惑，對這種情況感到非常尷尬。A.regretful后悔的；B.angry生氣的；C.frightened害怕的；D.embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)上文“Thecardreaderkept__1__hispayment”可知，他對這種情況感到尷尬。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當我試著判斷如果我主動幫他補差價，他會不高興還是感激時，年輕的收銀員說：“先生，這種事經(jīng)常發(fā)生。這不是問題。我保證我們能一起想出解決辦法。”A.proud驕傲的；B.grateful感激的；C.curious好奇的；D.peaceful平靜的。根據(jù)上文“di