markedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.CanDigitalTextbooksTrulyRecethePrint ingsoftraditionalprinteditiontextbooksareobvious:Forstartersthey'reheavy,withtheaveragephysicstextbookweighing3.6pounds.They'realsoexpensive,especiallywhenyoufactorintheaveragecollegestudent'slimitedbudget,typicallycostinghundredsofdollarseverysemester.Buttheworstpartisthatprintversionsoftextbooksareconstantlyundergoingrevisions.Manyprofessorsrequirethattheirstudentsuseonlythelatestversionsintheclassroom,essentiallyrenderingoldertextsunusable.Forstudents,itmeansthey'rebasicallystuckwithafourpoundpaperweightthattheycan'tsellback.Whichiswhydigitaltextbooksiftheyliveuptotheirpromise,couldhelpeasemanyofthese ings.Buttillnow,they'vebeensomethinglikeamirage(幻影)inthedistance,morelikeahazy(模糊的)dreamthananactualreality.Imaginethepromise:Carryingallyourtextbooksina1.3poundiPad?Itsoundsalmosttoogoodtobetrue.Butthereareafewpilotschoolsalreadymakingthetransition(過渡)overtodigitalbooks.UniversitieslikeCornellandBrownhavejumpedonboard.AndonemedicalprogramattheUniversityofCaliforniaIrvine,gavetheirentireclassiPadswithwhichtodownloadtextbooksjustlastyear.Butnotallwereeagertojump"PeopleweretiredofusingtheiPadtextbookbesidesusingitforreading."saysKalpitShah,whowillbegoingintohissecondyearatIrvine'smedicalprogramthisfall."Theyweren'tusingitasasourceofcommunicationbecausetheycouldn'treadorwriteinit.SoathirdofthepeopleinmyprogramwereusingtheiPadinclasstotakenotes,theotherthirdwereusinglaptopsandthelastthirdwereusingpaperandpencil."Thereasonithasn'tcaughtonyet,helsme.isthatthefunctionalityofe-editiontextbooksisincrediblylimited,andsomestudentsjustaren'tmotivatedtolearnnewstudyButanewapplicationcalledInklingmightchangeallthat.The justreleasedanupdatedversionlastweek,andit'llbeutilizedinover50undergraduateandgraduateclassroomsthiscomingschoolyear."Digitaltextbooksarenotgoingtocatchon,"saysInklingCEOMattMaclnnisashe'sgivingmeademo(演示)overcoffee."WhatImeanbythatisthecurrentofthedigitaltextbookisit'sanexactcopyoftheprintbook.There'sCourseSmart,etc.,theseguyswhotakeanimageofthepageandputitonascreen.Ifthat'showwe'redefiningdigitaltextbooks,there'snohopeofthat ingamainstreamproduct."HecallsInklingatformforpublisherstobuildrichmultimediacontentfromthegroundup,withaheavyemphasisonreal-worldfunctionality.Thetraditionaltextbookmerelyservesasaskeleton.AtfirstglanceInklingisanimpressiveexperience.Afterswi(觸及)intotheapp(應用軟件),whichyoucanget here,heopensupafewdifferenttypesUpfirstisachemistrybook.Theboottimeisprettyfast,andhenavigatesthrough(瀏覽)afewchaptersbeforeswiintoafullyrendered3Dmoleculethatcanbespunaroundtoviewitsvariousbuildingblocks."Publishersgiveusallofthesourcemedia,artwork,s,"hesays."Wehelpthemthinkthroughhowtoactuallybuildsomethingforthistform."Nexthepullsupamusiccompositiontextbook,completewithyabledemos.It'salearningexperiencethatattacksyoufrommultiplesensorydirections.It'sclearwhythiswouldbesomethingamusicmajorwouldlove.ButthemostexcitingpartaboutInkling,tome.isitsnotation(批注)system.Here'showitworks:Whenyoupurchaseausedprintbook,itcomeswithitspreviousowner'shighlightsandnotesinthemargins.Itusestheexperienceofsomeonewhoalreadywentthroughtheclasstohelpimproveyourreading(howmuchyoutrusteachnotationisobviouslyuptoButwithInkling,youcanhighlightapieceofcontentandmakenotes.Here'swherethingsgetinteresting,though:IfaparticularlyimportantpassageishighlightedbymultipleInklingusers,thatinformationisstoredonthecloudandisavailableforanyonereadingthesametextbooktocomeacross.Thatmeansusershaveaccesstonotesfromnotonlytheirclassmatesand friends,butanyonewhopurchasedthebookacrossthecountry.Thebestcommentsarethensorteddemocraticallybyavotingsystem,meaningthatyoursociallearningexperienceissharedwiththebestandbrightestthinkers.Asabonus,professorscanevenchimein(插話)ondiscussions.They'llbeabletoanswerthequestionsofstudentswhoareintheirclassdirectlyviatheinctivebook.Ofcourse,Inklingaddressesseveraloftheother ingsintraditionalprintaswell.Textbookversionsareconstantlyupdated,motivatingpublishersbyminimizingproductioncosts(thebigoneslikeMcGraw-Hillarealreadyonboard).Furthermore,studentswillbeabletopurchasesectionsofthetextinsteadofbuyingthewholething,withindividualchapterscostingaslittleas$2.99.Thereare,however,"Ittakeseffortstobuildeachbook,"Maclnnislsme.Andit'sclearEachinctivetextbookisamedia-heavyexperiencebuiltfromthegroundup,andyoucanlthatittakesarespectableamountofmanpowertoputtogethereachone.FornowtheappisalsoiPad-exclusive.andthoughafewoftheseeducationalinstitutionsaregivingthehardwareawayfor,forotherstudentswhodon'thavesuchaluxuryit'sanaddedlayerofcost-andanexpensiveoneatthat.Butthismuchisclear:Thetraditionaltextbookmodelisandhasbeenbrokenforquitesometime.WhetherdigitallyinctiveoneslikeInklingactuallytakeoffornotremainstobeseen,andweprobablywon'thaveadefiniteanswerforthenextfewyears.However,thesolutiontoanyproblembeginswithastepinadirection.AndatleastfornowthathazymirageinthedistanceAlittlemoretangible可觸摸的alittlelessofadream.Thebiggestproblemwithtraditionalprinttextbooksis theyarenotreusedonceaneweditioncomestheycosthundredsofdollarseverytheyaretooheavytocarrytheytakealongertimetoWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutdigitalItisnotlikelytheywillrecetraditionalTheyhaven'tfixedall ingsofprintVeryfewofthemareavailableintheManypeoplestillhavedifficultyusingAccordingtoKalpitShah,somestudentsstillusepaperandpencil theyfindittroublesometotakenoteswithantheyareunwillingtochangetheirstudytheyhavegottiredofreadingonthetheyarenotusedtoreadingofftheInklingCEOMattMaclnnisexinsthattheproblemwithCourseSmart'scurrentdigitaltextbooksisthat theyhavetoberevisedtheyareinconvenienttouseintheyaredifferentfrommostmainstreamtheyarenomorethanprintversionsputonaMattMaclnnisdescribestheupdatedversionofInkling agoodexampleofthemainstreamamarvelousproductofmanycreativeatformforbuildingmultimediaamereskeletonoftraditionalTheauthorismostexcitedaboutInkling'snotationsystembecauseone sharehislearningexperiencewiththebestandbrightest voteforthebestlearnersstoreinformationontheOneadditionaladvantageofthe ctivedigitaltextbookis studentscanswitchtodifferentdiscussionsatanystudentscandownloadrelevantcriticalprofessorscanjoininstudents'onlineprofessorscangivepromptfeedbacktoOneofthechallengestobuildanin ctivedigitaltextbookfromthegroundupisthatittakesagreatdealof Oneproblemforstudentstorecetraditionaltextbookswithin ctivedigitalonesisthehigh ofthehardware.Accordingtotheauthor,whetherdigitaltextbookswillcatchon Part Listening (35Section Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)Thewomanisthemanager'sThemanfoundhimselfinawrongThemanisthemanager'sbusinessThewomanwasputtingupasignontheA)HeneedsmoretimefortheHeneedshelptointerprettheHeissorrynottohavehelpedtheHedoesnothavesufficientdatatogoA)AfriendfromNewAmessagefromApostalAchangeintheA)SheisnotavailableuntiltheendofnextSheisnotareliablesourceofShedoesnotliketakingShedoesnotlikeA)HewillhelpthewomancarrytheThewoman'swatchistwentyminutesThewomanshouldn'tmakesuchabigThereisnoneedforthewomantobeinaA)MaryisnotsoeasygoingasMaryandshehavealotinShefindsithardtogetalongwithShedoesnotbelievewhatherneighborsA)AtaninformationAtacarwashAtarepairAtadryA)Thewomancametotheconcertattheman'sThemanisalreadyfedupwithyingtheThepieceofmusicthemanyedisveryTheman'suniquetalentsaretheenvyofmanyQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)HehastaughtSpanishforacoupleofyearsatalocalHeworkedattheBrownstoneforseveralHeownedasmallretailbusinessinMichiganyearsHehasbeenworkingpart-timeinaschoolnearA)Heprefersafull-timejobwithmoreHeiseagertofindajobwithanincreasedHelikestoworkin closetoHewouldrathergetalessdemandingA) B) C)Foreign D)ComputerA)WhenheissupposedtostartWhenhewillbeinformedabouthisWhatcareeropportunities canQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)SheisSheisoverShehasjustfinishedherSheisagoodA)HetakesgoodcareofHeistheCEOofa HeisgoodatbusinessHeworksasasalesA)ItisinurgentneedoffurtherItproducesgoodspopularamonglocalIthasbeenlosingmarketshareinrecentItiswellpositionedtocompetewiththeSection Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Itislinedwithtall C)IthashighbuildingsonbothB)Itwaswidened D)ItusedtobedirtyandA)Theyrepaveditwith C)TheybeautifieditwithB)Theybuiltpublicrestroomson D)TheysetupcookingfacilitiesnearA)Whatmakeslife C)WhatacommunityB)Howtoworkwith D)HowtoimproveA)TheywereobligedtofulfillthesignedTheywereencouragedbythecityofficials'TheywantedtoprovetheywereascapableasQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ThemajorityofthemthinkitlessimportantthanManyofthemconsideritboringandold-ThemajorityofthemfinditFewofthemreadmorethantenbooksaA)Novelsand C)HistoryandscienceB)Mysteriesanddetective D)BooksoncultureandA)Watching C)ReadingB)Listeningto D)yingcomputerQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)AdviceonthepurchaseofTrendsforthedevelopmentofthemotorSolutionstoglobalfuelA)Limiteddriving C)TheshortlifeofB)Hugerecharging D)TheunaffordablehighA)TheyneedtobefurtherTheycaneasilyswitchtonaturalTheyaremorecost-effectivethanvehiclespoweredbysolarTheycanmatchconventionalmotorcarsinperformanceandSection Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.MyfavoriteT.V.show?"TheTwilightZone."I(36) liketheepisodecalled"ThePrinter'sDevil."It'saboutanewspapereditorwho'sbeing(37) outofbusinessbyabignewspapersyndicate-youknow,agroupofpapers(38) bythesamepeople.He'saboutto(39) suicidewhenhe'sinterruptedbyanoldmanwhosayshisnameisSmith.Theeditorisnotonlyoffered$5000topayoffhisnewspaper's(40) butthisSmithcharacteralsooffershis(41) for.Itturnsoutthattheguy(42)theprintingmachinewithamazingspeed,andsoonhe'sturningoutnewspaperswith(43) headlines.Thesmallpaperissuccessfulagain.TheeditorisamazedathowquicklySmithgetshisstoriesonlyminutesaftertheyhappen-butsoonhe'spresentedwithacontracttosign.Mr.Smith,itseems,isreallythedevil!(44),soheagreestosign.ButsoonSmithisreportingthenewsevenbeforeithappens-andit'sallterribleonedisasterafteranother. .Ireallyliketheseoldepisodes"TheTwilightZone"becausethestoriesarefascinating. Part ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingWalking,ifyoudoitvigorouslyenough,istheoverallbestexerciseforregularphysicalactivity.Itrequiresnoequipment,everyoneknowshowtodoitanditcarries47riskofinjury.Thehumanbodyisdesignedtowalk.Youcanwalkinparksoralongariverorinyourneighborhood.Toget48benefitfromwalking,aimfor45minutesaday,anaverageoffivedaysaweek.Strengthtrainingisanotherimportant49ofphysicalactivity.Itspurposeistobuildand50boneandmusclemass,bothofwhichshrinkwithage.Ingeneral,youwillwanttodostrengthtrainingtwoorthreedaysaweek, betweensessions.

recoveryFinally,flexibilityandbalancetrainingare52importantasthebodyages.Achesandpainsarehighonthelistofcomintsinoldage.Theresultofconstantmuscletensionandstiffnessofjoints,manyofthemare53andsimpleflexibilitytrainingcan54thesebymakingmusclesstrongerandkeejointslubricated(潤滑).Someofthisyoudowheneveryoustretch.Ifyouwatchdogsandcats,you'llgetanideaofhownaturalitis.Thegeneral55issimple:wheneverthebodyhasbeeninonepositionforawhile,itisgoodto56stretchitinanoppositeposition.A)F)K)B)G)L)C)H)M)D)I)N)E) O)Section Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingJunkfoodiseverywhere.We'reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknow ngandyetwedoitSohere'sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit'sdisyed?"Manymeasurestocontrolobesity(肥胖癥)assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,"notethetworesearchers."Incontrast,"theresearcherscontinue,"manyregulationsthatdon'tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance-likefood-ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems."Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople'sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.AmongDensityrestrictions:licensestosellalcoholaren'thandedoutunnnedtoallcomersbutareallotted(分配)basedonthenumberofcesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.ThesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestoSimilarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodincesthataren'tprimarilyfoodDisyandsalesrestrictions:Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostcesyoucan'tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinceswherethey'reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andcingwarninglabelsontheproducts.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkPeopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattooItiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillItstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoItcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyWhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthemeasurestocontrolTheyshouldbeimplementedTheyarebasedonwrongTheyhelppeoplemakerationalWhydomakersofalcoholcontrolcedensityFewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol'sTherearealreadytoomanystoressellingDrinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialEasyaccessleadstocustomers'over-WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia'sruleaboutalcoholdisyingasToeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholTohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofTopreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyTogetalcoholoutofdrivers'immediateWhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodGuidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutEnhancingpeople'sawarenessoftheirownBorrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingKodak'sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy()protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimayfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.AlthoughmanyattributeKodak'sdownfallto"comcency(自滿),"thatexnationdoesn'tacknowledgethelengthstowhichthe wenttoreinventitself.Decadesago,Kodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotographywouldovertakefilm-andinfact,Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975-butinafatefuldecision,the chosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.Itwasn'tthatKodakwasblindtothefuture,saidRebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool,butratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.Bythetimethe realizeditsmistake,itwastoolate.Kodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspentalotofmoneytryingtodoso,butultimayfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingtonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotography,itscorporateculturewastoorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembracethefuture.Theywerea stuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhas ealiability.Kodak'sdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976,thecommanded90%ofthemarketforphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketforButthe1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapanesefilm FujiPhoto,whichunderminedKodakbyofferinglowerpricesforfilmandphotos.Kodak'sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.ThebidwentinsteadtoFuji,whichexploiteditssponsorshiptowinapermanentfootholdinthemarketce.WhatdowelearnaboutItwentbankruptallofaItisapproachingitsItinitiatedthedigitalrevolutioninthefilmItisyingthedominantroleinthefilmWhydoestheauthormentionKodak'sinventionofthefirstdigitalToshowitsearlyattempttoreinventToshowitseffort ToshowitsquickadaptationtothedigitalToshowitswilltocompetewithJapan'sFujiWhydolargecompanieshavedifficultyswitchingtonewTheyfinditcostlytogiveuptheirexistingTheytendtobeslowinconfrontingnewTheyareunwillingtoinvestinnewTheyaredeeplystuckintheirgloriousWhatdoestheauthorsayKodak'shistory A B)A C)A D)AWhatwasKodak'sfatalItsblindfaithintraditionalItsfailuretoseeFujiPhoto'sItsrefusaltosponsorthe1984ItsoverconfidenceinitscorporatePart (15 Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Whetheryouthinkyouneeddaytimerestornot,pickingupanap(午睡)habitisasmart,