賓語從句●Part1KnowledgeList什么是復(fù)合句？復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和≥1個(gè)從句構(gòu)成的。主句是復(fù)合句的主體，從句從屬于主句。從句只是主句的一個(gè)成分，從句在主句中充當(dāng)什么成分，該復(fù)合句就叫什么從句。定義：在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、語序

、時(shí)態(tài)

1.引導(dǎo)詞

根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。引導(dǎo)詞作用可否省略that不充當(dāng)句子成分，只有連接作用，沒有詞意可以省略if或whether

（是否）表示“是否”，不充當(dāng)句子成分不可以省略特殊疑問詞Who,whom,whose,what,which充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語、賓語、定語等不可以省略when，where，why，how在從句中作狀語不可以省略

引導(dǎo)詞：取決于從句的語氣1.從句是陳述語氣時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that.2.從句是一般疑問語氣時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether.3.從句是特殊疑問語氣時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用特殊疑問詞。①由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。that在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只有連接作用，沒有詞意所以常省略。而且它是由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的。請(qǐng)把下列句子合為一句：1)A：HesaysB:Tomisagoodstudent._________________________________A:HesaidB:Hehadacaraccidentyesterday.______________________________“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid._________________________________4)“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid._________________________________5)Marysaid:"IhavebeentoXinJiangthreetimes"________________________________________________________②由連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which和連接副詞when，where，why，how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。它是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的。e.g.Doyouknowwhotheyarewaitingfor?作_______Canyoutellmewhomyourfatherisspeakingto?作_______Iwonderwhosepenitis.作_______Idon’tunderstandwhattheteachersaid.作_______Shecouldn’tdecidewhichsweatertowear.作_______Canyoutellmewherethebusstopis?作_______【注意1】由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，雖然從句具有疑問的語氣，但語序務(wù)必保持正常陳述語序。請(qǐng)把下列句子合為一句：A:Idon'tknowB:Whendoesthetrainleave?________________________________________________________A:SheaskedB:WhereisLiMingfrom?________________________________________________________【注意2】當(dāng)疑問代詞what，who在特殊疑問句中做主語時(shí)，該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序，所以當(dāng)該句用來做賓語時(shí)，語序不需要調(diào)整。

What’s

wrong

with

you?Heaskthegirl.

→ What’s

the

matter?

Heaskthegirl.→ What

has

happened

to

him?

Wewanttoknow.→ ③if或whether

由連詞if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不做任何成分但具有實(shí)際意義(是否)，所以不能省略。它是由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的表示不肯定的語氣。請(qǐng)把下列句子合為一句：A:Idon'tknowB:Willshecomehere?________________________________________________________A:HeaskedB:Hasshefinishedherhomework?________________________________________________________【注意1】一般情況下if和whether可以互換，但在以下情況只能用whether。1.在介詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)；HewasworriedaboutwhetherhecouldpasstheEnglishexam2.和ornot連用時(shí)；Iwanttoknowwhetherheisfreeornot3.和動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)；IaskedhimwhethertositbesidemePractice:1.Iwanttoknow_____________________________.（他是否跟我們一起去公園）2.Youaskhim_____________________.（他是否能來）3.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨還是不下雨）4.Heaskedme____wecouldgotoBeijingtowatchthegamebyplane.A.that B.if C.how D.what【注意2】if

/

when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的意思和用法的不同。賓語從句：表“是否”賓語從句：表“何時(shí)”ifwhen狀語從句：表“如果”狀語從句：表“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”e.g.如果明天下雨，我不知道他是否會(huì)來。e.g.我不知道應(yīng)該什么時(shí)候開始工作。2.語序

在含賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，不管主句是陳述句還是疑問句，從句一律是用“連接詞＋陳述句語序”，其標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)由主句來決定。

e.g.1)---Do

you

know

______________now?

---In

the

People’s

Hotel．A.

where

is

Tom

working

B.

where

did

Tom

workC.where

Tom

is

working

D.where

Tom

worked2)---Mum,summerholidayiscoming.Iwonder____.---HowaboutQinlingWildZoo?A.wherecanwego B.wherewecangoC.howcanwego D.howwecango3)Whatanicepaperfish!Canyoushowus___youmakeit?A.whetherB.howC.whyD.what4)TomorrowisFather’sDay.Idon’tknow____A.WhatcanIdoformyfatherB.whatIwillgetformyfatherC.whereIwentwithmyfatherD.wherewillIgowithmyfather5)IwastoldtomeetMr.Greenattheairport.ButIdon’tknow___hewillarrive.A.whereB.whyC.howD.when6)How

much

does

this

coat

cost?

→I

want

to

know.

7)Where

did

you

go

yesterday?

→Please

tell

me.

時(shí)態(tài)

①若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)不限，視句子意義所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。e.g.Hesayhewillgohomeoneday.②若主句是祈使句，從句謂語動(dòng)詞也可用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)。

e.g.Tellmewhereareyougoing,please.③若主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句必須用對(duì)應(yīng)的過去時(shí)。e.g.HeaskedmewhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.④若從句敘述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或永恒不變的規(guī)律時(shí)，始終使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g.Theyknewthatthesunismuchbiggerthantheearth.⑤情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could

/

would用于“請(qǐng)求”，表示委婉、客氣的語氣時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的約束。

e.g.CouldyoutellmewhenTomcameback?練習(xí)

1)Excuse

me,

could

you

tell

me

whenthe

new

Olympic

Center?

A.are

we

visited B.

will

we

visit C.

we

are

visited D.

we

willvisit

2)---Could

you

tell

me

whom

the

radioby?

---Sorry,I

have

no

idea．A.

invents

B.

invented

C.

is

invented

D.was

invented3)I

couldn’t

understand,

so

I

raised

my

hand

to

ask.

A.

what

my

teacher

says

B.

what

does

my

teacher

say

C.

what

my

teacher

said

D.

what

did

my

teacher

say

1.Ihear(that)__________________________.（一小時(shí)后他會(huì)回來）2.Hesaid(that)_____________________________.（他非常想念我們）3.Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.（地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）4.Hesaidthat_________________________________.(光速比聲速傳播的快)5.Myfatherusedtosaytomethat________________________.(失敗是成功之母)4.否定轉(zhuǎn)移

在think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等表示“認(rèn)為”、“猜想”等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句變化：①否定轉(zhuǎn)移在以上動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句中，有時(shí)謂語盡管是否定含義，卻不用否定形式，而把主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?，這就叫否定轉(zhuǎn)移。

e.g.Idon’tbelievetheyhavefinishedthework.Idon’tthinkyouareright.

②否定轉(zhuǎn)移在反意疑問句時(shí)，有以下特點(diǎn)：

在賓語從句中，如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等，主句主語是第一人稱以外的人稱時(shí)，反意疑問句應(yīng)針對(duì)主句。

e.g.You

don’t

think

he

can

finish

his

work,

do

you?

He

doesn’t

believe

that

we

have

come

back,does

he?

但是如果主句主語是第一人稱時(shí)，反意疑問詞部分的主語和時(shí)態(tài)要與賓語從句保持一致，并注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。

e.g.I

don’t

think

you

are

an

actor,are

you?

I

suppose

you

have

been

to

Beijing,haven’t

you

?5.簡(jiǎn)化

賓語從句在一定條件下，可以簡(jiǎn)化為不定式to的結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.I

don’t

know

what

I

should

do

with

the

letter.

I

don’t

know

what

___________

___________

with

the

letter.

Heaskedmehowweshouldsolvetheproblem.Heaskedmehow______________________theproblem.Wearediscussingwherewecangoduringsummerholidays.Wearediscussingwhere______________________duringsummerholidays.練習(xí)：1.---

Could

you

tell

us

how

long?

---

About

three

days.

A.

does

the

sports

meeting

last

B.

the

sports

meeting

last

C.

will

the

sports

meeting

last

D.

the

sports

meeting

will

last

2.I

want

to

know.

A.

what

is

his

name B

what’s

his

name C.

that

his

name

is D.

what

his

name

is

3.Parents

are

taught

to

understandimportant

education

is

to

their

children’s

future.A.

that

B.

how

C.

such

D.

so

4.I

wonderthey

will

come

here

with

tomorrow.A.

whether

B.

when

C.

who

D.

how

5.---Could

you

tell

me?

---I’m

not

sure.

A.

how

many

people

have

been

out

of

hospital

B.

when

is

Thanksgiving

C.

which

animal

does

he

like

best

D.

what

time

will

the

dolphin

show

start

6.Can

you

tell

metake

to

get

there?

A.

how

soon

will

it