PAGEPAGE8Unit2ExploringEnglisheq\a\vs4\al()課后培優(yōu)——微積累戰(zhàn)高考，訓(xùn)練提分點(diǎn)eq\a\vs4\al()eq\a\vs4\al(讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)微技能)描寫(xiě)cry的高級(jí)表達(dá)一、多樣表達(dá)1．moanv. 呻吟；以呻吟聲說(shuō)出moanloudlywithpain 痛得大聲呻吟givealoudmoan 大聲地呻吟了一聲2．sobv. 嗚咽；發(fā)嗚咽聲sobuncontrollably 不由自主地抽噎起來(lái)soboneselftosleep 啜泣著入睡3．weepv. 流淚；(通常因悲傷)哭泣weeptearsforjoy 喜極而泣weepformisfortune 為不幸而悲嘆4．chokev. (尤指感情激動(dòng)而)哽咽sayinachokedvoice 聲音哽咽地說(shuō)5．burstintotears＝burstoutcrying 突然大哭6．getmisty-eyed 淚眼模糊7．bringtearstoone'seyes 令人落淚8．shedtears 流淚；灑淚二、佳句觀摩1．Suddenlyshegavealow,chokingmoanandbegantotrembleviolently.突然，她發(fā)出了一聲低沉而哽咽的呻吟，然后開(kāi)始劇烈地顫抖起來(lái)。2．Iheardachildsobbingloudly.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有個(gè)孩子在嗚嗚地哭。3．Sheweptbittertearsofdisappointment.她失望得痛哭流涕。4．Shechokedupwhenshebegantotalkabouthermother.她開(kāi)始談起母親時(shí)，便哽咽著說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。5．WeallshedtearswhenIwavedgood-byetothem.我向他們揮手告別時(shí)，我們都流下了眼淚。6．Hegotallmisty-eyedwheneverheheardthatsong.每當(dāng)他聽(tīng)到那首歌時(shí)，他都淚眼模糊。三、佳句仿寫(xiě)1．Theinjuredmanwaslyingontheground,moaning．受傷的人躺在地上呻吟著。2．Shebegan_to_sob_again,_buryingherfaceinthepillow.她把臉埋在枕頭里，又開(kāi)始抽噎起來(lái)。3．Sheburst_into_tearswhenshelearnedherfailureintheexam.她一聽(tīng)說(shuō)自己考試不及格就失聲大哭。4．Thethoughtofhiswastingallthattrainingbrought_tears_to_my_eyes．一想到他浪費(fèi)了所有的訓(xùn)練時(shí)光我就落淚。5．Hewasprofoundlymovedandshed_tears．他被深深地感動(dòng)了，流下了眼淚。eq\a\vs4\al()eq\a\vs4\al(高考題型組合練)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境人與社會(huì)——科學(xué)研究——在深度睡眠中學(xué)習(xí)新詞匯LearningNewVocabularyDuringDeepSleepSleepingtimeissometimesconsideredunproductivetime.Thisraisesthequestionwhetherthetimespentduringsleepingcouldbeusedmoreproductively，e.g.forlearninganewlanguage？Sleepresearchtodatefocusedonthestabilizationandstrengtheningofmemoriesthathadbeenformedduringpreviouswakefulness.However，learningduringsleephasrarelybeenexamineD．Thereisconsiderableevidenceforwake-learnedinformationundergoingrevisionbyareplayinthesleepingbrain.Thereplayduringsleepstrengthensthestillweakmemorytracesandembeds(嵌入)thenewlyacquiredinformationinthepreexistingstoreofknowledge.Ifthereplayduringsleepimprovesthestorageofwake-learnedinformation，thenfirst-play，i.e.theinitialprocessingofnewinformation，shouldalsobepossibleduringsleep.TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeexaminedwhetherasleepingpersonisabletoformnewsemanticassociationsbetweenplayedforeignwordsandtranslationwordsduringthebraincells'activestates，theso-called“Up-states”．Itturnedouttobethatwhattheythoughtwasreasonable.Whenwereachdeepsleepstages，ourbraincellsprogressivelycoordinatetheiractivity.Duringdeepsleep，thebraincellsarecommonlyactiveforabriefperiodoftimebeforetheyjointlyenterintoastateofbriefinactivity.Theactivestateiscalled“Up-state”andtheinactivestate“Down-state”．Thetwostatesalternate(交替)abouteveryhalf-seconD．Newevidenceforsleep-learningchallengescurrenttheoriesofsleepandtheoriesofmemory.Theconceptofsleepasanencapsulated(被概括的)mentalstate，inwhichweareseparatedfromthephysicalenvironmentisnolongerreasonable.“Wecoulddisprovethatcomplexlearningbeimpossibleduringdeepsleep，”saysSimonRuch，co-first-author.“Inhowfarandwithwhatconsequencesdeepsleepcanbeappliedtotheacquisitionofnewinformationwillbeatopicofresearchinupcomingyears，”saysKatharinaHenke.TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeispartoftheInterfacultyResearchCooperation(IRC).Thirteenresearchgroupsinmedicine，biology，psychologyandinformationsciencearepartoftheIRC．Theaimoftheseresearchgroupsistogainabetterunderstandingofthemechanismsinvolvedinsleep，consciousnessandcognition.文章大意：文章通過(guò)一項(xiàng)研究論證了在深度睡眠中學(xué)習(xí)新詞匯的可能性。1．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A．“Up-state”and“Down-state”appearinturnduringdeepsleep.B．“Up-states”isanothernameforthebraincells'activestates.C．Semanticassociationsareimportantforlanguagelearning.D．Thebraincells'activestatesarecentralforsleep-learning.解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段前兩句“TheresearchgroupofKatharinaHenkeexamineD．..theso-called‘Up-states’．Itturnedouttobethatwhattheythoughtwasreasonable.”可知，研究小組研究了睡覺(jué)的人能否在腦細(xì)胞活躍狀態(tài)下，在被播放的外來(lái)詞和翻譯詞之間形成新的語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系。結(jié)果證明他們的想法是合理的。據(jù)此可推知，當(dāng)大腦處于“Up-states”時(shí)，可以進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，大腦細(xì)胞的活躍狀態(tài)起著主要作用。故答案是D。2．Whatwillresearchersdowithinseveralyearsaccordingtothepassage?A．Makestudyinthefollowingfieldssuchasmedicineandbiology.B．Separateusfromthephysicalenvironment.C．Applydeepsleeptoinformationlearning.D．Discovertheconceptofsleep.解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“researchers”和“withinseveralyears”定位到文章的第四段。根據(jù)該段中的“Inhowfarandwithwhatconsequences...willbeatopicofresearchinupcomingyears”可知，在未來(lái)幾年，在新信息的獲得方面深度睡眠能運(yùn)用到何種程度以及會(huì)有何種結(jié)果將是研究的主題。故答案是C。3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroduceanewwayofvocabularylearning.B．Togainabetterunderstandingofthemechanisms.C．Tochallengecurrenttheoriesofsleepandtheoriesofmemory.D．Toexplainthepossibilityofvocabularylearningduringdeepsleep.解析：D考查寫(xiě)作意圖。第一段提出問(wèn)題“Thisraisesthequestionwhetherthetimespentduringsleepingcouldbeusedmoreproductively，e.g.forlearninganewlanguage？”(是否可以更有效地利用睡眠時(shí)間，例如用于學(xué)習(xí)一種新語(yǔ)言？)；第二段回答該問(wèn)題“thenfirst-play，i.e.theinitialprocessingofnewinformation，shouldalsobepossibleduringsleep”(對(duì)新信息的初始處理，在睡眠期間也應(yīng)該是可能的)；第三段通過(guò)研究提出證據(jù)證明了第二段的猜想。最后兩段進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。據(jù)此可知，本文是為了說(shuō)明在深度睡眠中，學(xué)習(xí)新的詞匯是可能的。故答案是D。4．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Anovel.B．Aguidebook.C．Ascientificresearchwebsite.D．Adiary.解析：C考查文章出處。根據(jù)本文中出現(xiàn)的“Sleepresearchtodatefocusedon”“Thereisconsiderableevidence”“Theresearchgroup”“Theaimoftheseresearchgroups”并結(jié)合文章主旨(在深度睡眠中學(xué)習(xí)新詞匯方面的科學(xué)研究)可以推斷出，本文可能出自一個(gè)科研網(wǎng)站，故選C。B語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型記敘文主題語(yǔ)境人與自我——人生態(tài)度——105歲的高齡老人玩過(guò)山車(chē)(2021·合肥市高三第一次質(zhì)檢)IcanproudlysaythatlastyearIbroketherecordfortheoldestpersonintheworldtoridearollercoaster.I'm105，butIfeelyounger.EventhedoctoragreesI'mingoodcondition.I'mabitdeafandmylegsfeelweak，buttheyaretheonlyissue.IrodetheTwistosaurusatFlamingoLand，whichspinsyouroundquitefast.Ididn'tchoosetogoonthat.I'dhavepreferredareallyfastonethatwentupsidedown.ButIwastoldIcouldn'tridesomethinglikethat，becauseitwouldaffectmybloodpressureandImighthavesomedanger.Iwasn'tnervous—Idon'tgetfrightenedofanything.Iwassecurelyfastened，soIknewIwouldn'tfallout.Therollercoasterridewentonforthreeorfourminutes，anditcouldn'tbeabetterexperience.AndIraisedalotofmoneyfortheDerbyshire，Leicestershire&RutlandAirAmbulancefund，whichwasfantastiC．PeopleweresayingI'dgotaplaceintheGuinnessWorldRecords.Later，someonecametopresentmewiththecertificate.Ihaditonthewallinmylivingroom，withanotheroneIgotayearearlier.Myrecord-breakingwaysreallybeganacoupleofyearsago，withtheicebucketchallenge.ItturnedoutthatIwasprobablytheoldestpersonintheworldtodoit，andthevideowasverypopular.Afterthat，IstartedtothinkaboutwhatelseIcoulddotoraisemoneyfordifferentcharities.I'mnotsureifanyoneadmiresallthefunI'mhaving.TheyjustsayI'mdaftandthat'saboutit.ButI'vehadmanygooddaysandmanyexcitingtimes.I'vehadareallygoodlife.Idon'tthinkI'vewastedanyofit.文章大意：本文講述了世界上玩過(guò)山車(chē)年齡最大的老人的經(jīng)歷。他已經(jīng)105歲，獲得了吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄證書(shū)；此外，他還參加過(guò)“冰桶挑戰(zhàn)”，為慈善組織募捐。他認(rèn)為自己沒(méi)有浪費(fèi)人生，過(guò)得很充實(shí)。5．Whydidn'ttheauthorchoosetogoonridingtheTwistosaurus?A．Becausehewastoldnottodoso.B．Becauseheconsideredittoogentle.C．Becausehethoughtitspuntoofast.D．Becausehewasinabadphysicalcondition.解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“Ididn'tchoosetogoonthat.I'dhavepreferredareallyfastonethatwentupsidedown.”可知，作者沒(méi)有選擇坐Twistosaurus，是因?yàn)樗胍嬲目焖俜D(zhuǎn)的過(guò)山車(chē)，即他認(rèn)為T(mén)wistosaurus太過(guò)平緩，故B項(xiàng)正確。6．Howdidtheauthormostprobablyreactwhileridingtherollercoaster?A．Hereallyenjoyedhimself.B．Hewasveryworriedatfirst.C．Hecouldn'tthinkmuchaboutit.D．Hegotfrightenedasitstartedmoving.解析：A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Therollercoasterridewentonforthreeorfourminutes，anditcouldn'tbeabetterexperience.”可知，乘坐過(guò)山車(chē)持續(xù)三到四分鐘，作者認(rèn)為這是一次再好不過(guò)的經(jīng)歷了。據(jù)此可推知，作者在坐過(guò)山車(chē)時(shí)很享受，故A項(xiàng)正確。7．WhatdoyouknowabouttheauthorfromParagraph4?A．Hewaseagertogetcertificates.B．Hedislikedshowingoffhissuccess.C．HewastheoldestpersonintheworlD．D．Hesetarecordtheyearbeforelastyear.解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“l(fā)astyear”和第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是尾句“Ihaditonthewallinmylivingroom，withanotheroneIgotayearearlier.”可知，去年作者把這張吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄證書(shū)掛在客廳的墻上，還有一張是一年前掛的。據(jù)此可知，作者在前年也創(chuàng)造了一項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄。8．Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Cooperative. B．OptimistiC．C．Generous. D．Intelligent.解析：B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)尾段最后三句“ButI'vehadmanygooddaysandmanyexcitingtimes.I'vehadareallygoodlife.Idon'tthinkI'vewastedanyofit.”并結(jié)合文章描述的作者105歲還創(chuàng)造吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄可知，作者認(rèn)為自己有過(guò)許多美好的日子和許多激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻，他過(guò)得很好，沒(méi)有浪費(fèi)人生；據(jù)此可推知，作者是一個(gè)樂(lè)觀的人，故B項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.七選五語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境人與社會(huì)——健康——笑療法Manypeoplebelievethatthereissometruthinthesaying“Laughteristhebestmedicine.”1.________Laughterhelpsrelievepain，strengthentheimmunesystemandreducestress.Laughterstimulates(激發(fā))hormoneswhichmakeusfeelhappy.Laughteralsoincreasestheflowofbloodthroughoutthebodyandhasbenefitswhicharesimilartotheonesyougetbydoingexercise.2．________Childrenexposedtofunnyfilmsandcartoonsbeforemajormedicalproceduresareabletocopebetterwithpainandanxiety.3.________Theseareprofessionalclownswhoaresenttohospitalsandwardstoentertainanddistractsickchildren.Laughtertherapyhasbecomeverypopularinrecentyearsandasaresult，moreandmorelaughterclubsarestartingtoopenupincitiesandtownsallovertheworlD．Atalaughtersession，atrainedtherapistinstructsthegrouptoperformaseriesofexerciseswhicharedesignedtoproducelaughter.4.________Andittakesthemsometimetogetridoftheirinhibitions(拘謹(jǐn)).Theymightevenstartoffwithfakelaughter，butthisdoesn'tmatterbecauseourbodiescan'ttellthedifference，andtheresultsarethesame.Moreover，laughteriscontagious(有感染力的).5.________Sonexttimeyoufeelill，stressedoutordepressed，trywatchingafunnyfilmortryrememberinganamusingincidentinyourlife.Youwillsoonfeelbetter.A．Ifonepersonstartsgiggling，itisunavoidablethateveryoneelsewillbedrawnin.B．Laughterhelpsyoufocus.C．Thisfindinghasledtoso-calledclowndoctors.D．Infact，researchdonebyscientistshasshownthatlaughterhasalotofhealthbenefits.E．Laughtermakestheworldabetterandmorecolorfulplace.F．Somepeoplemayfindtheideaembarrassingatfirst.G．Usinglaughtertherapyinchildren'shospitalshasproventobeinvaluable.文章大意：笑對(duì)人體健康有諸多好處。笑療法已被證明是非常有效的，全世界各地的專(zhuān)業(yè)的笑療法治療機(jī)構(gòu)越來(lái)越多。1．解析：D根據(jù)空前的“Laughteristhebestmedicine.”和空后的內(nèi)容可知，笑對(duì)人體健康有諸多好處，故D項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上，由科學(xué)家做出的研究表明笑對(duì)健康有很多益處”符合語(yǔ)境，承上啟下。2．解析：G根據(jù)空后一句可知，孩子在進(jìn)行重大醫(yī)療手術(shù)之前，看滑稽的電影和卡通片能夠更好地應(yīng)付痛苦和焦慮，故G項(xiàng)“在兒童醫(yī)院使用笑療法被證明是極有用的”符合語(yǔ)境，且該項(xiàng)中的“children'shospitals”與空后的“Children”呼應(yīng)。3．解析：C根據(jù)空后一句可知，這些都是專(zhuān)業(yè)的小丑，他們被派往醫(yī)院和病房以逗樂(lè)生病的孩子，分散他們的注意力；故可推知，C項(xiàng)“這一調(diào)查結(jié)果導(dǎo)致了所謂的小丑醫(yī)生的誕生”符合語(yǔ)境。4．解析：F根據(jù)空后的“theirinhibitions(拘謹(jǐn))”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“這個(gè)主意剛開(kāi)始可能會(huì)讓一些人難為情”符合語(yǔ)境，銜接下文。5．解析：A根據(jù)空前一句可知，笑聲是有感染力的，故A項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)人開(kāi)始咯咯地笑，其他人也會(huì)無(wú)法避免地跟著笑”符合語(yǔ)境，承接上文。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境人與社會(huì)——文學(xué)——翻譯小說(shuō)銷(xiāo)量在英國(guó)上升TranslatedfictionsalesintheUnitedKingdom1.________(rise)by5.5percentlastyear，withgrowingdemandforChinesetitles，saidNielsenBookonWednesday.BritishnewspaperTheGuardianfeaturedLiuCixin'sTheThree-BodyProblemandJinYong'sAHeroBorninitsreportonthistrend，2.________(say)thatboth“soldstrongly”in2018.Theresearch，bytheInternationalBookerPrize(formerlyknownastheManBookerInternationalPrize)，showsmorethan2.6million3.________(copy)oftranslatedtitles4.________(sell)in2018，atanestimatedvalueof￡20.7million，thehighesteversinceNielsenstartedthestudyin2001.FiammettaRocco，fromtheInternationalBookerPrize，said，“Readingfictionisoneofthebestwayswehaveofputting5.________(we)inotherpeople'sshoes.Theriseinsalesoftranslatedfictionshows6.________hungrysomanyBritishreadersareforterrificwritingfromotherco