2013年全國職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ惷麕熝好茉嚲?1)第1部分：詞匯匯選項(xiàng)(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個句句子中均有1個詞或短語語劃有底橫線線，請為每處處劃線部分確確定1個意義最為為接近的選項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。1.Saallyllikestoteeasehherbrrotherrabouuthissgirllfrieends.A.chharmB.laaughaatC.crriticiizeD.reespectt2.Ammericaa’sempphasissonttheimmportaanceoofeduucatioonforreverryonehassspurreedscieentifiicressearchh.A.enncouraagedB.enndangeeredC.enndorseedD.ennlargeed3.Yoouhavvetofolloowtheeguiddewhoosesooleinnteresstistocooveraallsppotsaaccorddingttohissstriictscchedulle.A.obbvioussB.ssimpleeC.onnlyD.asssumedd4.Inn18611itsseemeddinevvitabllethaattheeSoutthernstateeswouuldbrreakaawayffromttheUnnion.A.sttrangeeB.ccertaiinC.innconsiistenttD.pproperr5.Teechniqquesttoharrnessttheennergyofthhesunnarebeinggdeveelopedd.A.coonverttB.sttoreC.uttilizeeD.reeceivee6.Fiirsteeditioonsoffcerttainppopulaarboookscaannotbeobbtaineedforrloveeormmoney..A.attanyplaceeB.attanypriceeC.innanylanguuageDD.inanyccountrry7.Innabuullfigght,iitisthemmovemeent,nnotthhecollor,oofobjjectsthataroussesthhebulll.A.coonfuseesB.exxcitessC.sscaressD.diivertss8.Suulfurhasooccasiionalllybeeenfouundinntheearthhinaanalmmostppuresstate..A.reegularrlyB.aaccideentalllyC.ssometiimesD.ssuccesssfullly9.Maanyfiinecoooksiinsisttoninngrediients(成分)ofthehhighesstquaality..A.deemandB.rrelyoonC.ppreparreforrD.crreate10.TThecoompanyyrecoommenddedthhatanewppetrollstattion((shoulld)beebuilltherre.A.orrdereddB.innsisteedC.suuggesttedD.deemandeed11.IItharrdforrtheyounggpeoppletooimagginewwhatssevereecondiitionsstheiirparrentsonceliveddundeer.A.siincereeB.hhardC.sstricttD.tiight12.TTheyaagreeddtossettleethedispuutebyypeaccefulmeanss.A.soolveB.deetermiineC.unntieD.coomplette13.TThepooliceconteendedthattheddifficcultieestheeyfaccedweeretooosevvere.A.arrguedB.ppredicctedC.saaidD.suuggestted14.HHeexppresseedconncernthatthesshipmmightbeinndisttress..A.deespairrB.diifficuultyC.neeedD.daanger15.TThemoostprressinngprobblemaanyecconomiicsysstemffacesishoowtouseiitssccarceresouurces..A.puuzzlinngB.ddifficcultC.tterriffyingD.uurgentt第2部分：閱讀讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)下面的短文文后列出了7個句子，請請根據(jù)短文的的內(nèi)容對每個個句子做出判判斷：如果該該句提供的是是正確信息，請請選擇A；如果該句句提供的是錯錯誤信息，請請選擇B；如果該句句的信息文中中沒有提及，請請選擇C。RescuueplaatformmInthheafttermatth(后果)ofthetterrorristaattackksontheWWorldTradeeCentter,ssecuriityexxpertssaretryinngtodevellopneewwayysofrescuuingppeopleefrommburnningsskyscrraperss(摩天樓).Onneideeaisaplaatformmcapaableoofflyyingvverticcally(垂直地)anddhoveeringinthheairrlikeeaheelicoppter.Thepplatfoormwoouldrriseuupandddownnalonngsideeaskkyscraaperaandpiickupppeoppletrrappeddinhhighsstoriees.TheiideafforthheverrticalltakeeoffpplatfoormwaashattchedmorethantenyyearsagobbyaRRussiaanaerrospacceenggineerr,DavvidMeetreveeli,wwhohaassinncemoovedttoIsrrael.Metreeveli’sdessign,calleedtheeEaglle,caallsffortwwojettengiinestthattturnffourllargehorizzontallproppellerrs.Thhespiinninggofttheprropelllersggeneraatesttheneecessaaryliift,oorupwwardfforce,,torraisethepplatfoorm.TThemoorepooweriissuppplieddtottheprropelllers((飛機(jī)上的螺螺旋推進(jìn)器),thhehigghertthepllatforrmrisses.MMovinggtheplatfformssidewaaysinnvolveesappplyinggdiffferinggamouuntsoofpowwertooeachhproppellerr.Heliccopterrsareenowusedinsoomecaasesttogettpeoppleouutofburniingbuuildinngs.EEscapeebaskketssslungfromthemdangllebessidetthebuuildinngforrpeoppletooclimmbintto.Unnfortuunatelly,thhebassketscannootreaachevveryffloorofabuilddingbbecaussetheeropeesfroomwhiichthheyhaangbeecomeunstaablebbeyonddaceertainnlenggth.Sofaar,Meetreveelihaasbuiiltasmalll-scallemoddelofftheEagleetottesthhisiddea.IIntheewakeeofSSeptemmber111,heehasbeenabletoseecureenougghfunndingtosttartbbuildiingalargeer,4--meterrby44-meteerproototyppe,whhichhhecalllsthheEagglet.16.AAresccuepllatforrmcallledttheEaagleiiscappableofmoovingvertiicallyybutnotssidewaays.A.RiightBB.WroongC..Notmentiioned17.TThefoourprropelllersaarefiitterhorizzontalllytootheEaglee.A.RiightBB.WroongC..Notmentiioned18.WWithttheheelpoffjetenginnes,ttheEaagleccanfllyataspeeedoff100milessanhhour.A.RiightBB.WroongC..Notmentiioned19.IIntheethirrdparragrapph,thheworrdhellicoptterreeferstothheEaggle.A.RiightBB.WroongC..Notmentiioned20.TThemoorejeetengginesareffitteddtottheprropelllers,themmoreppeopleetheplatfformccancaarry.A.RiightBB.WroongC..Notmentiioned21.IIntheewakeeofSSeptemmber111,Mrr.Mettrevellihasssecuuredeenoughhfunddingttobuiilduppasmmall-sscalemodellofttheEaaglettotessthissideaa.A.RiightBB.WroongC..Notmentiioned22.MMr.MeetreveeliissdesiigninggforIsraeelammoreaadvanccedfoormoffresccuepllatforrmthaantheeEaglleortheEEaglett.A.RiightBB.WroongC..Notmentiioned第3部分：概括括大意與完成成句子（第23～30題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為為第4～8段其中四段段選擇1個最佳標(biāo)題題；(2)第27～30題要求從所所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為為每個句子確確定1個最佳選項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。TheMMirSppaceSStatioonTheRRussiaanMirr(沙俄時代的的一種村社組組織)SpaaceSttationn,whiichcaamedoowninn20011atllastaafter15yeearsoofpiooneeriingthheconnceptofloong-teerm(長期的)hummansppacefflightt,isrememmbereddforitsaaccompplishmmentsinthhehummansppacefflightthisttory.Itcaanbecrediitedwwithmmanyffirstssinsspace..DurinngMirr’sliffetimee,RusssiasspentabouttUS$44.2biillionntobbuildandmmaintaainthhestaation..TheSSoviettUnioonlauuncheddMir,,whicchwassdesiignedtolaastfrromthhreettofivveyeaars,oonFebbruaryy20,1986,,andhouseed1044astrronauttsoveer12yearssandsevennmontths,mmostoofwhoomwerrenottRusssian.Infaact,iitbeccametthefiirstiinternnationnalsppacesstatioonbyplayiinghoosttoo62ppeopleefromm11ccountrries.From1995throuugh19998,ssevenastroonautssfrommtheUniteedStaatesttooktturnslivinngonMirfforupptossixmoonthseach..Theyywereeamonngthee37AAmericcanswwhoviisiteddthestatiionduuringninestopoovers(中途停留)byspaceeshutttles..Themmoretthan4400miillionntheUniteedStaatespproviddedRuussiannforthevvisitssnotonlykeptMirooperatting,butaalsoggavettheAmmericaansanndtheeirpaartnerrsintheiinternnationnalsttationnprojjectvvaluabbleexxperieenceiinlonng-terrmfliightaandmuultinaationaalopeeratioons.AdebbateccontinnuesooverMMir’sconntribuutionsstossciencce.Duuringitseexisteence,Mirwwasthhelabboratoory(實(shí)驗(yàn)室)forr23,000eexperiimentssandcarriiedsccientiificeequipmment,estimmatedtobeewortth$800milllion,frommanynatioons.EExperiimentssonMMirarrecreediteddwithharaangeooffinndingss,froomtheefirsstsollidmeeasureementofthherattionoofheaavyheeliumatomssinsspacetohoowtogrowwheattinsspace..Butfortthosefavouuringhumannspacceexpplorattion,MirsshoweddthattpeopplecoouldlliveaandwoorkinnspaccelonngenooughfforatriptoMaars.TTheloongesttsingglesttayinnspacceisthe4437.7daysthatRussiianasstronaautVaaleryPolyaakovsspentonMiirfroom19994to1995..AndSergiieAvddeyevaccummulateed7477.6daaysinnspacceinthreeetrippstothesspacestatiion.TTheloongesttAmerricanstaywastthatoofShaannonLucidd,whoospennt1888dayssaboaardMiirin1996..DespiitethhemannyfirrstsMMiracccompllishedd,19997wassabaadyeaarouttof115forrMir..In11997,anoxxygengenerrator(發(fā)電機(jī))cauughtffire.Laterr,theemainncompputersysteembrookedoown,ccausinngtheestattionttodriiftseeveralltimeesanddtherrewerrepowwerfaailurees.Mostofthhesepprobleemsweerereepaireed,wiithAmmericaanhellpanddsuppplierss,buttMir’srepputatiionassasppacesstatioonwassruinned.Mir’sssetbbacksarennothinng,thhough,,whennweccomparretheemwitthitssaccoomplisshmentts.Miirwassatrremenddousssuccesss,whhichwwillbberemmemberredassamiilestooneinnspacceexpplorattionaandthhespaacesttationnthattshowwedloong-teermhuumanhhabitaationinsppacewwaspoossiblle.Buutit’stimmetomoveontoothenextgenerrationn.TheeInteernatiionalSpaceeStattionbbeingbuilttwilllbebbetterr,buttitoowesaagreaatdebbttoMir.23.PParagrraph44_________24.PParagrraph55_________25.PParagrraph66_________26.PParagrraph88_________A.UnndeniaableMMir’sAchhievemmentsB.ReewardssFolllowinggtheU.S.FinanncialInjecctionC.Miir’sProoblemYearD.MiirReggardeddasaaComppleteFailuureE.Miir’sFirrstsiinSciientifficExxperimmentsandSSpaceExplooratioonF.AgreattDebttOwneedtotheIInternnationnalSppaceSStatioon27.MMirennhanceedtheeconffidencceinthesscienttiststhathumannslivvingiinspaacefoorallongttimewwas_________.28.IInMirr,theeU.S..astrronauttscreeated_________.29.WWhenwwethiinkoffMirinteermsoofitssachiievemeents,itsssetbaccksarre___________.30.TThewrritertendtothhinktthatMMirwaas___________.A.evverythhingB.agreattsucccessC.atremeendoussfaillureD.noothinggE.maanyfiirstsF.quuiteppossibble第4部分：閱讀讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇篇短文，每篇篇短文后有5道題。請根根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容容，為每題確確定1個最佳選項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。第一篇U.S.SccientiistsCConfirrmWatteronnMarssNASAscienntistsssaiddthattMarsswascoverredonncebyyvasttlakees,fllowinggriveersanndavvariettyofotherrwetenvirronmenntsthhathaadtheepoteentialltossupporrtliffe.LaborratoryytesttsabooardNNASA’sPhooenixMarsLandeerhavveideentifiiedwaateriinassoilssamplee;theelandder’srobboticarmddeliveeredtthesaampleWedneesdaytoanninsttrumenntthaatideentifiiesvaaporsproduucedbbytheeheattingoofsammples..“Wehhavewwater,,”saiddWillliamBBoyntoonoftheUUniverrsityofArrizonaa,leaadsciientisstforrtheThermmalanndEvoolved--GasAAnalyzzer,oorTEGGA.“ThisisthhefirrsttiimeMaartiannwateerhassbeenntoucchedaandtaasted..”TherrobotiicarmmisaacritticalpartofthhePhooenixMarsmissiion.IItisneedeedtotrencch"inntothheicyylayeersoffnortthernpolarrMarssanddelivversaamplesstoiinstruumentssthattwilllanallyzewwhatMMarsiismaddeof,,whattitswaterrisllike,andwwhetheeritisorrhaseverbeenaposssibleehabiitatfforliife.Thessoilssampleecameefrommatrrenchapprooximattely22inchhesdeeep.WWhenttherooboticcarmfirsttreacchedtthatddepth,,ithhitahardlayerrofffrozennsoill.Twooatteemptstodeeliverrsampplesooficyysoillonddayswwhenffreshmaterrialwwasexxposeddwereefoilledwhhenthhesammplesbecammestuuckinnsidethesscoop..MosttoftthemaateriaalinWedneesday’ssammplehhadbeeenexxposeddtottheaiirforrtwodays,,letttingssomeooftheewateerinthessampleevapoorizeawayandmmakinggthesoileasieertohandlle.“Marssisggivinggusssomessurpriises,”saiddPhoeenixpprinciipaliinvesttigatoorPetterSmmithooftheeUnivversittyofArizoona.“We’reexxciteddbecaausessurpriisesaarewhhereddiscovveriesscomeefromm.Oneesurppriseishoowtheesoillisbbehaviing.TTheicce-ricchlayyersssticktothhescooopwhhenpooisedinthhesunnabovvetheedeckk,diffferenntfroomwhaatweexpeccted,fromallttheMaarssiimulattionttestinngwe’vedoonesoofar..”SinceelanddingoonMayy25,Phoennixhaasbeeenstuudyinggsoillwithhachhemisttrylaab,TEEGA,aamicrroscoppe,aconduuctiviityprrobeaandcaamerass.Theescieencetteamiistryyingttodetterminnewheetherthewwatericeeevertthawsenougghtobeavvailabblefoorbioologyandiifcarrbon-ccontaiiningchemiicalsandootherrawmmateriialsfforliifearrepreesent..Themmissioonisexamiiningthesskyasswelllastthegrround..ACaanadiaaninsstrumeentissusinngallaserbeamtosttudyddustaandclloudsoverhhead.“It’ssa300-watttlighhtbullbgivvinguusallasershowonMaars,”saiddVicttoriaHipkiinoftheCCanadiianSppaceAAgencyy.Afulll-cirrcle,colorrpanooramaofPhhoenixx’ssurrrounddingsalsohasbbeenccompleetedbbytheespaccecrafft.“Thedetaiilsanndpattternsswesseeinnthegrounndshoowanice-ddominaatedtterraiinasfaraastheeeyecanssee,”saiddMarkkLemmmonoffTexaasA&MUnivversitty,leeadsccientiistfoorPhooenix’sSurrfaceStereeoImaagerccameraa.“Theyhelpuspllanmeeasureementsswe’remaakingwithiinreaachofftherobotticarrmanddinteerprettthossemeaasuremmentsonawiderrscalle.”31.WWhatwwasdiiscoveeredbbyNASSA’sPhooenixMarsLandeeronMars??A.VaastlaakesB.FllowinggriveersC.Waateriinassoilssamplee.D.Liivingthinggs32.WWhydiidtheefirssttwooatteemptstodeeliverrsampplesffail?A.ThhesammplevvaporiizedaawayB.FrreshmmateriialwaasexpposedtothheairrC.ThhesammplesgotsstuckinsiddetheescooopD.Thherobboticarmhhitahardrock33.WWhichoneooftheefolllowinggstattementtsisNOTmmeantbythhewriiter?A.Sccientiistshhavebbeenttryinggtobbreaktheiice-riichlaayersofsooilonnMarss.B.SccientiistshhavebbeenssurpriisedbbyhowwthesoilonMaarsbeehavessC.SccientiistshhavebbeenttryinggtoffindooutifftherreislifesuppoortinggmateerialonMaarsD.Sccientiistshhavebbeenttryinggtokknowiifwattericcewilllmellt34.WWherearetthesccientiistsiinvolvvedinnthereseaarchffrom?A.ThheyarrefroomAmeericaB.ThheyarrefroomCannadaC.ThheyarrefroombotthAmeericaandCCanadaa.D.ThheyarrefroomneiitherAmeriicanoorCannada35.WWhichofthhefolllowinngdoyoutthinkisthhebesstdesscripttionoofPhooenix’sSurrfaceStereeoImaagerCCameraa,acccordinngtoyourunderrstanddingooftheepasssage?A.Ittimittateshumannvisiionanndisabletocaaptureethreee-dimmensioonaliimagess.B.IttimittateshumannvoicceanddisaablettoreccordsslighttsounndswhhilettakinggphottosC.ItttakeescleearphhotosthatshoweveryydetaailofftheobjecctD.Ittistthispparticculartypeofcaamerathatcanttakewwideaanglepictuures第二篇ForeccastinngMetthodsThereeareseverraldiiffereentmeethodssthattcanbeussedtoocreaateaforeccast((預(yù)測).Thhemetthodaaforeecasteerchooosesdepenndsupponthheexpperiennceofftheforeccasterr,theeamouuntoffinfoormatiionavvailabbletootheforeccasterr,theeleveelofdiffiicultyythatttheforeccastssituattionppresennts,aandthhedeggreeoofacccuracyyorcconfiddenceneedeedinthefforecaast.Theffirstofthhesemmethoddsistheppersisstenceemethhod;tthesiimplesstwayyofpproduccingaaforeecast..Thepersiistencce(堅(jiān)持)metthodaassumeesthaattheecondditionnsatthettimeooftheeforeecastwillnotcchangee.Forrexammple,ifittisssunnyand887deggreettoday,,thepersiistenccemetthodppredicctsthhatittwilllbessunnyand887deggreettomorrrow.IIftwooinchhesoffrainnfellltodaay,thheperrsisteencemmethoddwoulldpreedicttwoiinchessofrrainffortoomorroow.Hooweverr,ifweathhercoonditiionscchangeesignnificaantlyfromdayttodayy,theeperssistenncemeethodusualllybrreaksdownandiisnottthebestforeccastinngmetthodttousee.Thettrendssmethhodinnvolveesdetterminningtthesppeedaanddiirectiionoffmoveementforffrontss,higghanddlowpresssureccenterrs,anndareeasoffclouudsanndpreecipittationn.Usiingthhisinnformaation,,theforeccasterrcanprediictwhherehheorsheeexpecttsthoosefeeatureestobeattsomeefutuuretiime.FForexxamplee,ifastoormsyystemis10000miileswwestoofyouurloccationnandmovinngtotheeeastaat2500mileesperrday,,usinngtheetrenndsmeethodyouwwouldprediictitttoaarriveeinyyouraareaiin4ddays.Thettrendss(趨勢)metthodwworkswellwhensysteemscoontinuuetomoveatthhesammespeeedinnthesamedirecctionforaalonggperiiodofftimee.Iftheyslowdown,,speeedup,,channgeinntensiity,oorchaangeddirecttion,thettrendssforeecastwillprobaablynnotwoorkasswelll.Thecclimattologyymethhodissanottherssimpleewayofprroduciingaforeccast.Thismethoodinvvolvessaverraginggweatthersstatissticsaccummulateedoveermannyyeaarstoomakeetheforeccast.Foreexamplle,iffyouwereusinggtheclimaatologgymetthodttopreedictthewweatheerforrNewYorkCityonJuuly4tth,yoouwouuldgoothrooughaallthheweaatherdatathathasbbeenrrecorddedfooreveeryJuuly4tthanddtakeeanaaveragge.Thhecliimatollogymmethoddonlyyworkkswelllwheentheeweattherppatterrnissimillartoothattexpeectedfortthechhosentimeofyeear.IIftheepattterniisquiiteunnusuallfortheggiventimeofyeear,tthecllimatoologymethoodwilllofttenfaail.Theaanaloggmethhodissasllightllymorrecommplicaatedmmethoddofpproduccingaaforeecast..Itiinvolvvesexxaminiingtooday’sforrecasttscennarioandrremembberinggadaayintheppastwwhenttheweeatherrscennario(推測)loookedvveryssimilaar(annanallog).Thefforecaasterwoulddpreddicttthatttheweeatherrintthisfforecaastwiillbeehavethessameaasitdidiintheepastt.Theeanallogmeethodisdiifficuulttoousebecauuseittisvvirtuaallyiimposssibletofiindaprediictannalog..Variiouswweatheerfeaaturessrareelyalligntthemseelvesinthhesammeloccationnstheeywerreintheppreviooustiime.EEvenssmalldiffeerenceesbettweentheccurrennttimmeanddtheanaloogcannleaddtovveryddifferrentrresultts.36.WWhatffactorrisNNOTmeentionnedinnchooosingaforrecasttingmmethodd?A.Immaginaationofthheforrecastter.B.Neecessaaryammountofinnformaation..C.Prracticcalknnowleddgeofftheforeccasterr.D.Deegreeofdiifficuultyiinvolvvedinnforeecastiing.37.PPersisstenceemethhodwiillwoorkweellA.iffweattherccondittionschanggegreeatlyfromdayttodayy.B.iffweattherccondittionsdonootchaangemmuch.C.onnsunnnydayys.D.onnrainnydayys.38.TTheliimitattionooftheetrenndsmeethodisthhesammeastheppersisstenceemethhodinnthattA.ittmakeespreedictiionsaaboutweathher.B.ittmakeespreedictiionsaaboutpreciipitattion.C.thheweaatherfeatuuresnneedttobewelldefinned.D.thheweaatherfeatuuresnneedttobeconsttantfforalongperioodoftime..39.WWhichmethoodmayyinvoolvehhistorricalweathherdaata?A.Thhetreendsmmethodd.B.Thheanaalogmmethodd.C.Boothcllimatoologymethoodanddanallogmeethod..D.Thhetreendsmmethoddandtheppersisstenceemethhod.40.IItwilllbeimposssibleetommakewweatheerforrecasttusinngtheeanallogmeethodA.whhenthhecurrrentweathhersccenariiodifffersfromtheaanalogg.B.whhenthhecurrrentweathhersccenariioisthessameaastheeanallog.C.whhenthheanaalogiisoveertennyearrsoldd.D.whhenthheanaalogiisassimpleerepeetitioonoftheccurrenntweaatherscenaario.第三篇AntsHaveBigIImpacttonEEnviroonmenttas“EcosyystemEnginneers”ReseaarchbbytheeUnivversittyofExeteerhassreveealedthatantshaveabiggimpaactonntheiirloccalennvironnmentasaresulltoftheirractiivityas“ecosyystemenginneers”andpredaators..Thestudyy,pubblisheedintheJJournaalofAnimaalEcoology,,founndthaatanttshavvetwoodisttincteffecctsonntheiirloccalennvironnment..Firsttly,tthrougghmovvingoofsoiilbynestbuilddingaactiviityanndbycolleectinggfooddtheyyaffeectthhelevveloffnutrrientssintthesooil.TThisccaninndirecctlyiimpacttthelocallpopuulatioonsoffmanyyanimmalgrroups,,frommdecoomposeerstoospecciesmmuchhhigherruptthefooodchhain.Seconndly,theypreyonawiderangeeofootheranimaals,iincluddingllargerrpreyywhicchcannbeaattackkedbyyvasttnumbbersoofanttworkkers.DirkSandeers,aanautthorooftheestuddyfroomtheeunivversitty’sCenntrefforEccologyyandConseervatiion,ssaid:“Antsarevveryeeffecttiveppredattorswwhichthrivveinhugenumbeers.TThey’reallsoveeryteerritoorialandvveryaaggresssive,,defeendinggtheiirressourceesanddterrritoryyagaiinstootherpredaators..Allofthhismeeansttheyhhaveaastroonginnfluennceonntheiirsurrrounddingaarea.”“Intthisrresearrch,wwestuudiedfortthefiirstttimehhowbiigthiisimppactiisanddthesubtlletiessofiit.Whhatweefounndisthatdespiitebeeingppredattors,theirrpressencecanaalsolleadttoanincreeaseiindennsityandddiverssityoofothherannimalgroupps.Thheygeenuineelypllayakeyrroleiintheelocaalenvvironmment,havinngabbiginnfluennceonnthegrassslandfoodweb,”Sanddersssaid.Thesstudy,,carrriedooutinnGermmany,studiiedthheimppactooftheepressenceofdiiffereentcoombinaationssanddensiitiesofbllackggardennantssandcommoonreddantss,botthspeecieswhichhcanbefooundaacrosssEuroope,iincluddingiintheeUK.Itfooundtthataalowdensiityoffantssinaanareeainccreaseedtheediveersityyanddensiityoffotheeraniimalsinthheloccalarrea,pparticcularllytheedenssityoofherrbivorresannddeccompossers.Athiigherdensiitiesantshadnnoortheoopposiiteefffect,,showwingtthatppredattioniiscouunteraactinggtheposittiveiinflueence.DrFrrankvvanVeeen,aanotheerautthoroontheestuddy,saaid:“Whatwefiindissthatttheimpacctofantsonsooilnuutrienntlevvelshhasaposittiveeeffecttonaanimallgrouupsattlowlevells,buutasthennumberrofaantsiincreaases,theirrpreddatoryyimpaactshhavetthebiiggereffecct—thereebycoounterractinngtheeposiitiveinfluuenceviaeecosysstemeengineeeringg.”Antsareiimporttantccomponnentsofeccosysttemsnnotonnlybeecauseetheyyconsstitutteaggreatpartofthheaniimalbbiomasssbuttalsoobecaausettheyaactassecossystemmengiineerss.Anttbioddiverssityiisinccredibblyhiighanndtheeseorrganissmsarrehigghlyrresponnsivetohuumaniimpactt,whiichobbviousslyreeducessitsrichnness.Howevver,iitisnotcclearhowssuchddisturrbanceedamaagestthemaaintennanceofanntserrvicesstottheeccosysttem.AAntsaareimmportaantinnbeloowgrooundpprocesssestthrougghtheealteeratioonofthepphysiccalanndcheemicallenviironmeentanndthrroughtheirreffeectsoonplaants,microoorgannisms,,andotherrsoillorgaanismss.41.WWhyarreanttscommpareddtoeecosysstemeengineeers?A.Beecauseetheyybuilldtheeirowwnnessts.B.Beecauseetheyycolllectffood.C.Beecauseetheiiracttivityyaffeectsttheennvironnment..D.Beecauseetheyyarepredaators..42.AAspreedatorrs,anntsA.prreyonnsmalllaswellaslaargeaanimalls.B.coollecttnutrritiouusfooodfroomtheesoillC.coollecttfooddasddecompposerss.D.prreyonnspecciesmmuchhhigherruptthefooodchhain.43.DDirSaanderss’studdycenntereddonhhowanntsA.caanmannagettothrriveiinhuggenummbers..B.deefendtheirrresoourcessandterriitoryagainnstottherppredattors.C.atttackthoseeinvaadinganimaalsfoorsurrvivall.D.prroduceesuchhabiigimppactoontheeenviironmeent.44.WWhatddoespparagrraph66telllus?A.Anntsbrringaaboutaneggativeeinflluenceetoaanareeawheentheeirpoopulattioniissmaall.B.Anntsbrringaaboutapossitiveeinflluenceetoaanareeawheentheeirpoopulattioniissmaall.C.Annts’preddationncounnteracctsthhepossitiveeinflluenceetheyymayhaveonannareaa.D.Atthighherdeensityy,anttsprooduceapossitiveeinflluenceeonaanareea.45.WWhatsstillremaiinsunnclearrabouutantts,acccordiingtoothelastparaggraph??A.Whhatroolesddoanttsplaayintheeecosysstemiinwhiichthheyliive?B.Hoowdoantsaffeccttheeanimmaldiiversiityinnagiiveneecosysstem?C.Hoowdohumannactiivitieesafffectaants’inflluenceeonaagiveenecoosysteem?D.Hoowdoantsalterrthephysiicalaandchhemicaalenvvironmment?第5部分：補(bǔ)全全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)下面的短文文有5處空白，短短文后有6個句子，其其中5個取自短文文，請根據(jù)短短文內(nèi)容將其其分別放回原原有位置，以以恢復(fù)文章原原貌。DungtoDeeathFielddsacrrossEEuropeearecontaaminattedwiithdaangeroousleevelsofthheanttibiottics((抗生素)givventoofarmmanimmals.Theddrugs,,whicchareeinmmanureespraayed((噴射)onttofieeldsaasferrtilizzers((肥料),coouldbbegetttingintoourffoodaandwaater,helpiingtoocreaateanewggeneraationofanntibiootic-rresisttant“superrbugs”.ThewwarninngcommesfrromareseaarcherrinSSwitzeerlanddwholookeedatlevellsoftheddrugsinfaarmsllurry.._______(466)Some20,0000toonsoffantiibiotiicsarreuseedintheEEuropeeanUnnionaandthheUSeachyear..Moreethannhalffaregivenntoffarm-aanimallstopreveentdiiseaseeandpromootegrrowth.._______(477)Mostreseaarcherrsasssumedthathumannsbeccomeiinfecttedwiiththheressistanntstrrainsbyeaatingcontaaminattedmeeat.BButfaarmorreoftheddrugsenduupinmanurrethaaninmeatproduucts,saysStephhenMuuellerrofttheSwwissFFederaalInsstitutteforrEnviironmeentalSciennceanndTecchnoloogyinnDubeendorff._______(488)Withmilliionsooftonnsofanimaalsmaanure(施肥于)sprreadoontoffieldssofccropssuchaswhheataandbaarleyeachyear,,thisspathhwaysseemsaneqquallyylikeelyrooutefforsppreadiingreesistaance,hesaaid.TThedrrugsccontamminatee(污染)theecropps,whhichaarethheneaaten._______(49))Muelllerisspartticulaarlycconcerrnedaaboutagrooupoffantiibiotiicscaalledsulphhonamiides.________(550)HiisanaalysissfounndthaatSwiissfaarmmaanurecontaainsaahighhperccentaggeofsulphhonamiides;eachhectaareofffielldcouuldbeeconttaminaatedwwithuupto1killogrammoftthedrrugs.Thisconceentrattioniishigghenooughttotriiggertheddeveloopmenttofrresisttanceamonggbactteria..Butvetsarennottrreatinngtheeissuueserriouslly.Thereeisggrowinngconncernatthheexttentttowhiichdrrugs,incluudingantibbioticcs,arrepolllutinngtheeenviironmeent.MManyddrugsgivenntohhu