托福閱讀否認事實信息題之虛假信息套路托福閱讀否認事實信息題之虛假信息套路1一、自相矛盾第一種狀況是選項信息與原文相矛盾，錯誤表述文中的信息或看法。比以下題：Accordingtoparagraph6,allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueofplantsinthealpinezoneEXCEPT：Becausetheyarelow,theyarelessexposedtostrongwinds.Becausetheyarelow,thewintersnowcovergivesthemmoreprotectionfromtheextremecold.○Intheequatorialmountains,theytendtobelowerthaninmountainselsewhere.2Theirlowgrowthformkeepsthemclosertotheground,wherethereismoreheatthanfurtherup.這道題的選項1改寫原文“avoidtheworstrigorsofhighwinds”；選項2對應(yīng)原文“takeadvantageoftheinsulationprovidedbyawintersnowcover”；選項4對應(yīng)原文“makeuseofthehighertemperaturesimmediatelyadjacenttothegroundsurface”；選項3中的“l(fā)ower”與原文之中“thelowgrowthformislessprevalent”相矛盾，所以該選項為虛假信息，選作此題的答案。二、惹是生非第二種狀況是選項信息在原文中沒有被說起。同學(xué)們能夠比較簡單地鑒別出在原文中完整沒有提到的選項，但大家務(wù)必注意此類出題方式常常會使點當(dāng)心計，也就是選項的部分信息是對原文信息的重復(fù)，可是另一部分卻出現(xiàn)了新看法或腦補了新信息。比如：3PASSAGEEXCERPT：“Thecausesofthispopulationreboundareconsequencesofotherhumanactions.First,themajorpredatorsofdeer---wolves,cougar,andlynx--havebeengreatlyreducedinnumbers.Second,conservationhasbeeninsuredbylimitingtimesforandtypesofhunting.Butthemostprofoundreasonfortherestorationofhighpopulationnumbershasbeenthegateoftheforests.Greattractsoflowlandcountrydeforestedbylogging,fire,orbothhavebecomeidealfeedinggroundsofdeer.”(TPO4：DeerPopulationsofthePugetSound)WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph5asafactorthathasincreaseddeerpopulations？AreductioninthenumberofpredatorsRestrictionsonhunting4TheeffectsofloggingandfireLawsthatprotectedfeedinggroundsofdeer選項1與原文“First,themajorpredatorsofdeer---wolves,cougar,andlynx--havebeengreatlyreducedinnumbers”相對應(yīng)；選項2對應(yīng)原文“Second,conservationhasbeeninsuredbylimitingtimesforandtypesofhunting”；選項3對應(yīng)原文“Greattractsoflowlandcountrydeforestedbylogging,fire”；選項4中的后半部分信息“feedinggroundsofdeer”是對原文“orbothhavebecomeidealfeedinggroundsofdeer”中的原詞重復(fù)，可是選項前半部分新增添了原文沒有的信息“l(fā)awsthatprotected”，這仍舊屬于惹是生非的虛假信息，所以這道題應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇最后一個選項。三、答非所問5最后一種狀況是需要大家特別注意的，即答非所問。選項可能重復(fù)文章中的信息，且沒有增添原文不存在的信息，但是它卻并無回答下列問題，所以仍舊屬于虛假信息的范圍。比如：PASSAGEEXCERPT：“Thesamethinghappenstothisday,thoughonasmallerscale,whereverasediment-ladenriverorstreamemergesfromamountainvalleyontorelativelyflatland,droppingitsloadasthecurrentslows：thewaterusuallyspreadsoutfanwise,depositingthesedimentintheformofasmooth,fan-shapedslope.Sedimentsarealsodroppedwhereariverslowsonenteringalakeorthesea,thedepositedsedimentsareonalakefloorortheseaflooratfirst”(TPO1：GROUNDWATER)Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph3asplacesthatsediment-ladenriverscandeposittheirsedimentsEXCEPT6AmountainvalleyFlatlandAlakefloorTheseafloor在做這道題的時候我們很急躁地發(fā)現(xiàn)每一個選項都在原文中出現(xiàn)了(下劃線部分)，并且都沒有增添任何原文不存在的新信息。此時必定要沉著，將選項與題干進行查對。題目中問的是河流所攜帶的砂石會在什么地方積淀，而原文“whereverasediment-ladenriverorstreamemergesfromamountainvalleyontorelativelyflatland,droppingitsloadasthecurrentslows”表示水流從mountainvalley流出，流至相對平展的地面時水流速度減慢進而漸漸積淀砂石。當(dāng)我們理解這句話就會知道m(xù)ountainvalley是水流出的