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關(guān)于初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)第一頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日一:英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)WespeakEnglish.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(vt.)賓語(yǔ)Englishisspokenbyus.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。
漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示英語(yǔ)用:助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
第二頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日Readtext-2
Whencanweusethepassivevoice?不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí),或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。
Mybikewasstolenlastnight.昨晚我的自行車(chē)被偷了。Lettersarecollectedateighteverymorning.信件每天早晨八點(diǎn)收取。ThedeskwasmadebyMasterWang.這張課桌是王師傅做的。Thebagwastakenawaybyhissister.那個(gè)包是她姐姐提走的。2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。第三頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日
1.
We
clean
theclassroomeveryday.
Theclassroom
iscleanedbyuseveryday.
2.
They
make
shoesinthatfactory.
Shoesaremadeby
theminthatfactory.
3.People
planttreesinSpring.
Trees
areplantedby
peopleinSpring.
4.Hismotherusuallywashes
dishesafterdinner.
Dishesareusuallywashedby
hismotherafterdinner.5.Moreandmorepeople
speak
Chineseintheworld.
Chinese
isspokenby
moreandmorepeopleintheworld.第四頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化
主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上,其形式與系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以give為例,列表如下:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 一般過(guò)去時(shí): 一般將來(lái)時(shí):
一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
過(guò)去完成時(shí):
將來(lái)完成時(shí):
過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí):
am/is/are+donewas/were+done
shall/will+bedone(is/aregoingtobedone)should/would+bedone
am/is/are+being+done
was/were+being+done
have/has+been+done
had+been+done
shall/will+havebeen+done
should/would+havebeen+done
第五頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日三、常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.
Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.
(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthelibrarywithoutateacher.
Wearenotallowedtoenterthelibrarywithoutateacher.第六頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日2.一般過(guò)去時(shí):(1)Mycousinboughtabookyesterday.
Thebookwasboughtbymycousinyesterday.(2)Shedesignedthefashionclothes.
Thefashionclothesweredesignedbyher.(3)Theydidn’tspeakEnglishafterclassEnglishwasn’tspokenbythemafterclass.第七頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日3.一般將來(lái)時(shí):
(1)Herparentswillsendherabroad.
Shewillbesentabroadbyherparents.(2)Wearegoingtoholdasportsmeetingtomorrow.
Asportsmeeting
isgoingtobehold
tomorrow.第八頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):
(1)Theyaredoingtheirhomeworkonthecomputernow.
Theirhomeworkisbeingdoneonthecomputernow.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.
Theroomsarebeingpaintedbyus.第九頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroadat7yesterday.
Theroadwasbeingmendedat7yesterday.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.
Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.
第十頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.
Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.
Hisbookhasbeenbrought
here.第十一頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日四、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。(1)Youmusthandinyourarticlesafterclass.
Yourarticlesmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwritemanyletterswiththecomputer.
Manyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.第十二頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):1.HasPeteransweredallthequestions?HaveallthequestionsbeenansweredbyPeter?2.Theyhavefoundwaystoreducethepollution.
Wayshavebeenfoundtoreducethepollution.3.Someonemusttakecareofthechildrenwhenwegoout.Thechildrenmustbetakencareofwhenwegoout.第十三頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日4.Tomisrepairinghisbicyclenow.
HisbicycleisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.5.Theywon’tholdthemeetinguntilnextFriday.
Themeetingwon’tbehelduntilnextFriday.第十四頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日將下列被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):1.Yourworkshouldbedoneinanhour.
Youshoulddoyourworkinanhour.2.ThejobhasbeenfinishedbyAmy.
Amyhasfinishedthejob.3.AmodelplaneisbeingmadebyJerry.
Jerryismakingamodelplane.第十五頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日4.Theproblemshallbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.
Weshalldiscusstheproblemattomorrow’smeeting.5.Thelettermaybewrittenwithapencil.
Youmaywritetheletterwithapencil.6.Wasthesnowbeingremovedbytheseworkersat8yesterdaymorning.
Weretheworkersremovingthesnowat8yesterdaymorning?第十六頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日1).不及物動(dòng)詞(或者詞組)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
如:belongto,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,die,arrive,等。
*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.
*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.
五、不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況:第十七頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況:2)表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have/fit/ownIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.【正】Lookattheblackboard,please.【誤】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou.3)祈使句一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。第十八頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日4)反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?!菊縔oumustlookafteryourself.【誤】Yourselfmustbelookedafter
第十九頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況:主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義①感官系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)feel,look,seem,taste,sound,smell等這魚(yú)味道很好。Thefish
tastes
good.這條圍巾摸上去很軟。Thescarf
feels
soft.第二十頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日這書(shū)很好賣(mài)。這種布很好洗。Thebook
sells
well.Thiskindofcloth
washesverywell.這書(shū)賣(mài)完了。Thebook
issold
out.
②有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物動(dòng)詞,用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)和well,badly,easily等副詞連用,表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能。如:write,grow,print,sell,wash等第二十一頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日Thehouseneeds
cleaning.房子需要打掃了。Thehouseneedsto
becleaned.
③在need,want,等少數(shù)表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞第二十二頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日六、幾種值得注意的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變化.1帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu).(1)makesb.dosth.
sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen
made
Jim
do
hishomeworkathome.Jim
wasmadetodo
hishomework
byMrGreen
athome.watchlethavehearseenotice第二十三頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….第二十四頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日(3)Weoftenhear
themsingthissong.Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong(byus).Thissong
isoftenheard(byus)tobesung(bythem).第二十五頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日Bob
sent
Kate
aletterlastyear.=Kate
wassent
aletter
byBoblastyear.=Aletter
wassent
toKate
byBoblastyear.tellaskbringwriteshowgiveteachpasslend…to2.雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)第二十六頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日Mummademeanewdress.Iwasmade
anewdressbyMum.Anewdress
wasmade
for
mebyMum.makebuydrawsingget…for第二十七頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日1.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.He
gave
me
abook.(變被動(dòng))主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間賓直賓2.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.第二十八頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日Mymother
bought
me
abirthdaycake.
主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間賓直賓1.Iwasboughtabirthdaycakebymymother.2.Abirthdaycakewasbought
forme
bymymother.第二十九頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日Theysaid
thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid
thathewouldcomebacksoon.3.Itisreported/據(jù)報(bào)道believed/人們相信hoped/人們希望saidthat......據(jù)說(shuō)……4.WholockedthedoorlastWednesday?Bywhom
wasthedoorlockedlastWednesday?第三十頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))第三十一頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthe
floor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebook
intime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.第三十二頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused第三十三頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished第三十四頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous第三十五頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone第三十六頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken第三十七頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem第三十八頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日wasn’tinvitedaresoldbedonehavetakenwasbuiltbetaken1.--Whydidn’tyougotoJim’sbirthdayparty?--Oh.I______________(notinvite)
2.--Whatdoyouwant,sir?--Couldyoutellmeifcomputers___________(sell)inthisshop.
3.--Alotofthingsshould_________(do)toprotecttheenvironment.--Iagreewithyou..4.Greatchanges____________(take)placeinmyhometownsince1990.5.--When______thebridge______(build)?Doyouknow?--Twoyearsago.6.
----CanItakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom?----SorryMagazinesofthiskindcan’t_________(take)out.第三十九頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日
1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner.
A.a(chǎn)renotkept;willhaveto
B.a(chǎn)renotkept;have
C.donotkeep;willhaveto
D.donotkeep;haveto
2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____now.
A.developedB.havedeveloped
C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped
3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.
---Yes,italldependsontheweather.
A.I'vebeentold
B.I'vetold
C.I'mtold
D.Itold
ACA第四十頁(yè),共四十四頁(yè),編輯于2023年,星期日4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.
A.hascompleted
B.completes
C.hasbeencompleted
D.iscompleted
5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.
A.cut
B.arecut
C.arebeingcut
D.hadbeencut
6.Thenewbridge___bytheendofla
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