千里之行，始于足下。第2頁/共2頁精品文檔推薦英語四級真題(閱讀明白)英語四級真題（閱讀明白）

2007年6月

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachers

introducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍縱即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomake

writingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.

Thepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsof

tryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls―freewriting.‖Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.

Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.

Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouavailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

57.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind

―cannotworkin

parallel‖(Line4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans

________.

A)noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

B)theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C)theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother

D)onecannotusethematthesametime

58.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis________.

A)puttingtheirideasinrawform

B)attemptingtoeditastheywrite

C)ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

D)tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

59.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?

A)Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.

B)Tochooseanappropriatetopic.

C)Togetone’sideasdown.

D)Tocollectrawmaterials.

60.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout―freewriting‖isthat

________.

A)itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind

B)ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards

C)itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism

D)itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

61.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

A)Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape.

B)Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.

C)Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.

D)Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.

PassageTwo

Idon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.Iwasnever

verygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-timeandthenatureofblackholes.

At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement—jobs,researchpapers,awards—wasviewedthroughthelensofgender

(性不)politics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversus(相關(guān)于)rightbrain,ornatureversusnurture(哺育),Iwould

instantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.

Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethat

Ididn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanother

terribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.

TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNew

YorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmayofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheir

scientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.Still,Idon’ttellthem―war‖stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout.

62.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawoman

scientistagain?

A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields.

B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination.

C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind.

D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant.

63.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’s

failuresto________.

A)theveryfactthatsheisawoman

B)herinvolvementingenderpolitics

C)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicist

D)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety

64.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.and

post-doctoralresearch?

A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience.

B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle.

C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists.

D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured.

65.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass?

A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues.

B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence.

C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents.

D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore.

66.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?

A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration.

B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess.

C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily.

D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer.

2007年12月

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonfollowingpassage.

Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-based

instruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthe

popularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’t.Itenrolls90,000student,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargest

privateuniversityinthecountry.

Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructionspostsyllabi(課

程大綱),reading

assigXXXents,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassigXXXentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.

Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there’sthe

conveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.

Clearyformtheschoolsperspective,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升級)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampus,themoretheschoolsavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,

payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots,Andthere’s

evindencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,won’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.

注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

57.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?

A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.

B)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.

C)Itboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampus

D)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.

58(Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterized

by_____

A)Aconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirements

B)Thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgrounds

C)Aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstruction

D)tthecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors

59.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan_____A)Earntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffort

B)Saveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpenses

C)Selectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversities

D)Workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever

60.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?

A)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.B)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesis

inherentlyweak.C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.61.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof_____

A)buildinguptheirreputationC)upgradingtheirteaching

facilitiesB)cuttingdownontheirexpensesD)providingconvenience

forstudents

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyes.

AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.

Arevelation(啟發(fā))camelastweekwhenIaskedher,―Don’tyouwanttowin

again?‖―No,‖shereplied,―Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.‖

Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshe

spontaneously(自由地)told

them.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirsttradewasquickly―guided‖bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfistmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.

Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIkonwverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting(借用)mydaughter’sexperence.

Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.

注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivites.

B)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyh