Section_ⅢGrammar—動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)①Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.②Asayoungman,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.③YuanLongpingsearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.④However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.⑤Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.⑥Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.⑦Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.⑧Heawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.⑨Mary’sbeinglateforclassmadeherteacherangry.⑩Itisnousearguingwithhimaboutsuchamatter.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)以上動名詞短語(加黑部分)在句中作主語的是①⑥⑦⑨⑩；作動詞賓語的是⑤；作介詞(短語)賓語的是②③④⑧。(2)⑨句中為動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語。(3)⑩句中it作形式主語。概念：動詞-ing形式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞兩種。動詞-ing形式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：語態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone動詞-ing形式在句中的語法作用：動名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語、賓語補足語和定語。一、動詞-ing形式作主語1．動詞-ing形式作主語時，往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，通常置于句首。Readingaloudisagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大聲朗讀是學(xué)習(xí)語言的一種好方法。Wastingaperson’stimeisthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪費別人的時間無異于謀財害命。[名師點津](1)不定式作主語表示具體的或一次性的動作。Tolietoheriswrong.對她撒謊不對。(2)動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Climbingmountainsisreallydifficultfortheold.對于老人來說爬山確實困難。[即時演練1]補全句子①Playing_with_fireisdangerous.玩火危險。②Becareful！To_play_with_firewillbedangerous.小心點！玩火會帶來危險。③Swimming_is_a_good_sportinsummer.夏天游泳是一項好的體育活動。2．形式主語it代替動詞-ing形式作主語。此類句式常見的有：It’sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪費時間It’suseless/worthwhiledoingsth.做某事沒用/是值得的It’snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事沒好處/沒用/沒意思Itisnousewaitingforotherpeopletomakedecisionsforyou.等別人替你做決定是沒有用的。Itisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.勸說這種人加入我們是浪費時間。[即時演練2]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Itisawasteoftimetrying(try)topersuadehimtogiveupplayingcomputergames.②Itisworthwhilereading(read)suchawonderfulnovel.③(上海高考改編)It’snousecomplaining(complain)withouttakingaction.3．當(dāng)句型“Thereisno...”表示“不允許、禁止某種行為的發(fā)生或存在”時，需用動詞-ing形式作主語。Thereisnodenyingthattheenvironmentisfrombadtoworse.不能否認(rèn)環(huán)境狀況正在逐步惡化。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.這種事開不得玩笑。[即時演練3]翻譯句子①不能說出他要做什么。There_is_no_telling_what_he_is_going_to_do.②和他不能開玩笑。There_is_no_joking_with_him.二、動詞-ing形式作賓語1．作動詞的賓語常接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞可用下面的口訣幫助記憶：避免錯過少延期(avoid,miss,postpone)建議完成多練習(xí)(advise/suggest,finish,practise)喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy,imagine,can’thelp)承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit,deny,envy)逃避冒險莫原諒(escape,risk,excuse)忍受保持不介意(stand,keep,mind)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意打開窗子嗎？Idon’tlikewatchingtelevisionbutIenjoylisteningtotheradio.我不喜歡看電視，但是喜歡聽收音機。Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他試圖對我的問題避而不答。2．作動詞短語的賓語常見的跟動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞短語有：insiston,objectto,begoodat,befondof,leadto,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,devoteto,get/beusedto,payattentionto,beworth等。Heinsistedondoingitinhisownway.他堅持要按照自己的方法做。[即時演練4](1)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①(2016·浙江高考改編)IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdoworking(work)withstudents.②Ioftenpractiselistening(listen)andspeaking(speak)．③Theboywasluckytoescapebeing_punished(punish)．④Wedon’tallowdiving(dive)inthepool.(2)補全句子①Itisusefulforsomeonewhoistryingtogive_up_smoking.這對于正在試圖戒煙的人來說很有用。②Ihaveneverdreamed_of_visiting_that_place.我從未夢想過要參觀那個地方。③(陜西高考改編)It’squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoing_for_a_swim?今天很熱。你愿意去游泳嗎？3．在有些動詞的后面，如：start,begin,continue等既可接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語，兩者意義區(qū)別不大。Theycontinuedworking/toworkasifnothinghadhappened.他們繼續(xù)工作，似乎什么也沒發(fā)生過。4．在love,hate,prefer,like等動詞后接動詞-ing形式作賓語指經(jīng)常性的動作，用不定式作賓語指具體的動作。Hepreferredstayinginthehousewhenitrained.下雨時他寧愿待在家里。(用動詞-ing形式作賓語，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)Iprefertostayathomethisafternoon.今天下午我寧愿留在家里。(用動詞不定式作賓語，表示今天下午留在家里這一具體的動作。)[即時演練5]對比填空Helikesswimmingbuthedoesn’tliketo_swimthisafternoon.(swim)5．有些動詞(短語)后跟不定式和動詞-ing形式作賓語均可，但含義不同。常見的有：動詞賓語的形式意義forgettodo忘記做……doing忘記做過……remembertodo記著要去做……doing記得做過……regrettodo遺憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo盡力做……doing嘗試做……meantodo打算做……doing意味著……goontodo接著做(另外一件事)doing接著做(同一件事)stoptodo停下來去做某事doing停止做某事Pleaseremembertogivemybestregardstoyourfamily.請記著代我向你的家人問好。Istillremembervisitingthemuseumforthefirsttime.我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景。[即時演練6](1)單句語法填空①Imeanto_change(change)itforanotherone.②(安徽高考改編)Irememberedto_lock(lock)thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgotto_turn(turn)offthelights.(2)補全句子①Iremember_to_mailtheletterbutforget_to_buythestamp.我記得要去寄信可忘了買郵票了。②Missingthetrainmeanswaiting_for_another_hour.誤了這班火車就意味著再等一個小時。6．下列動詞可接動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動形式。need/want/require/deservedoing＝need/want/require/deservetobedoneThebikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這輛自行車需要修一下。[即時演練7](1)一句多譯①這個問題值得討論?！鶷he_question_deserved_discussing.→The_question_deserved_to_be_discussed.②這個窗戶需要清掃了?！鶷he_window_needs/requires/wants_cleaning.→The_window_needs/requires/wants_to_be_cleaned.(2)補全句子(湖南高考改編)We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,more_work_needs_doing/to_be_done(有很多工作要做)toachievethefinalsuccess.三、動詞-ing形式的否定形式動詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語時not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語和動詞-ing形式之間。Youhavenoexcusefornotgoing.你沒有理由不去。Hewaspunishedfornothavingdonehishomework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。[即時演練8]補全句子①Excusemeformy_not_coming_on_time(我沒能按時來)．②I’msorryfornot_having_kept_my_promise(沒有遵守我的承諾)．四、動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動詞-ing，即“sb./sb.’s＋doing”構(gòu)成。動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實際上是給動詞-ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：①形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞-ing②名詞’s＋動詞-ing③代詞賓格＋動詞-ing④名詞＋動詞-ingHercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。Thebabywasmadeawakebythedoorsuddenlyshutting.這個嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了。Canyouimaginehim/Jackcookingathome?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎？[名師點津](1)動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作主語或賓語。作主語時，不能用③④兩種形式。(2)無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用第②種形式。Tom’swinningthefirstprizelastyearimpressedmealot.湯姆去年得了一等獎使我印象深刻。Doyoumindmy/me/Jack’s/Jackleavingnow?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開嗎？[即時演練9]用動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)補全句子①His_father’s_being_illmadehimworried.他父親病了，使他很擔(dān)心。②Your_being_rightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.你正確未必就意味著我錯了。③WearelookingforwardtoJay_Chou’s/Jay_Chou_comingtogiveusaconcert.我們盼望著周杰倫來給我們舉辦一場演唱會。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Wouldyoumindturning(turn)downyourradio?2．Thereisnousekeeping(keep)silentaboutsuchamatter.3．Hisnot_getting(notget)tothestationontimemadeeveryoneworriedlastweek.4．Theteachertoldthestudentstostopwriting(write)andto_listen(listen)tohim.5．Hesucceededinpersuading(persuade)hertodothejob.6．Seeingthefunnyscene,Ican’thelplaughing(laugh)．7．Iregretto_tell(tell)youthatmysisterregretsmaking(make)youherdate.Youarenotthekindofpersonshewants.8．Thebookisworthreading(read)asecondtime.9．Wearelookingforwardtohearing(hear)fromMrLi.10．Thewindowshaven’tbeencleanedforalongtime.Theyneedcleaning/to_be_cleaned(clean)．Ⅱ.單句寫作1．Iregret_to_tellyouthatyourmotherisbadlyill,butyouneedn’tregret_leavingheralone.很遺憾你母親病得很重，但你不需要為留下她獨自一人而后悔。2．Manypeoplehavesuggestedsetting_up_more_rulestoprotectanimalrights.很多人都建議制定規(guī)則以保護動物權(quán)益。3．IftheTVshouldneed_repairing/to_be_repaired,_pleaseletmeknowassoonaspossible.如果這臺電視需要修理的話，請盡快通知我。4．Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_accepting_the_decisionwithoutanyconsideration.很難想象他會不假思索就接受了這個決定。5．His_getting_up_late_in_the_morningmadehimlatefortheclass.他早上起晚了，導(dǎo)致他上課遲到了。6．It’s_fun_spending_the_holidayatthebeach.在海邊度假很有趣。7．Wearebusy(in)_preparing_for_the_coming_exam.我們正忙著為即將到來的考試做準(zhǔn)備。8．Tom’s_being_so_carelesscausedsomuchtrouble.湯姆這么粗心，惹來了不少麻煩。Ⅲ.語法填空Icrossedthestreettoavoid__1__(meet)him,but