中國科學院一一英語2001年博士研究生入學考試試題

中科院2001年博士英語入學試題

中國科學院

博士學位研究生入學考試

英語試題

2001年3月

考生須知：

一、本次考試題卷由試卷一(PAPERONE)和試卷二(PAPERTWO)兩部分組成。試

卷一為90道客觀題，答卷使用標準化機讀答題紙；試卷二為主觀題，答卷使用另

一答題紙。

二、請一律用HB或2B鉛筆涂寫標準化機讀答題紙，修改時請用橡皮擦干凈。若

誤用其它筆種而導致計算機無法識別，責任由考生自負。

三、請按答題注意事項要求逐項填涂標準化機讀答題紙。涂寫不得過細或過短。

四、請保持標準化機讀答題紙清潔、無折皺。切忌折疊。

五、本考卷滿分為100分，全部考試時間總計180分鐘。分值及時間分布如下：

試卷一：

聽力

15分

20分鐘

結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯

15分

25分鐘

綜合填空

15分

15分鐘

閱讀

30分

60分鐘

小計

75分

120分鐘

試卷二：

漢譯英

10分

25分鐘

寫作

15分

35分鐘

小計

25分

60分鐘

TheChineseAcademyofSciences

EnglishEntranceExamination-ForDoctoralCandidates

March2001

PAPERONE

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(20minutes,15points)

(略)

PARTIISTRUCTURE&VOCABULARY(25minutes,15points)

SectionA(0.5pointeach)

Directions:Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbest

completesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyour

choicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyour

Machine-scoringAnswerSheet.

16.Hegavemealotofhelpinmywork,soIhavetomysuccesstohim.

A.grantB.ascribe

C.commitD.submit

17.Itiswellknownthatthefirstcanonlyworkhardplantingyoungtrees

foranewbusiness,whilethefollowingpeoplemayobtainthesuccessful

fruits.

A.practitionersB.amateurs

C.forerunnersD.managers

18.Thehonestjournalisthaskeptinvestigatingthathighrankofficialfor

alongtime,andhefeltveryhappywhenthatfellow'scorruptscandalat

last.

A.gottolightB.stoodinlight

C.cametolightD,lookedinlight

19.TheMinister'sanswerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.

A.impressiveB.evasive

C.intensiveD.amusive

20.Theoldgentlemantobeanoldfriendofhisgrandfather's.

A.turnedinB.turnedover

C.turnedupD.turnedout

21.Therulesstatedthatanyonewhohadheldofficeforthreeyearswas

notforre-election.

A.admirableB.eligible

C.reliableD.capable

22.Ifeelverysadthattheyoungman'senergeticinitiativewithnothing

intheexperiment,forhemetalotofinterferencefromthepowerful

authority.

A.burnedupB.tunedup

C.pushedupD.endedup

23.Wewerepolitelyanarmedguardandwarnednottotakepictures.

A.assignedB.allowed

C.acceptedD.assisted

24.Therecoveryandofthecountry'seconomyhasalsobeen

accompaniedbyincreasingdemandsforhighqualityindustrialsitesin

attractivelocations.

A.renewalB.revival

C.recessionD.relief

25.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson'spensioninHong

Kongwasonly70percentofthevalueoftheSingaporepension.

A.equivalentB.similar

C.consistentD.identical

26.Itseemsareasonableruleofthumbthatanygenuineofferofhelp

andsupportfrompeopleororganizationswillbeaccompaniedbyaname

andaddress,andawillingnesstobeastotheirmotiveinmakingcontact.

A.seenthroughB.checkedout

C.touchedonD.accountedto

27.Accordingto***boxingreporterMikeCostello,justasthereis

worldwidewithboxing,sothereisworldwideopposition.

A.passionB.attraction

C.emotionD.fascination

28.Althoughthereareseveralvariationsontheexactformatthat

worksheetscantake,theyareallsimilarintheiraspects.

A.potentialB.social

C.essentialD.partial

29.anyadvicewhichyoucangetfromtheinterviewerandfollowup

suggestionsforimprovingyourpresentationandqualifications.

A.TakethemostofB.Keepthemostof

C.HavethemostofD.Makethemostof'

30.Thereisalossofself-confidence,asenseofpersonalfailure,great

angerandafeelingofbeingutterly.

A.letaloneB.letout

C.letdownD.leton

31.JapanremainstiedtotheWesterncamppartlybecausethe

relationshiphasbecometohereconomyandpoliticsoverfortyyears'

association.

A.integralB.unilateral

C.rationalD.hierarchical

32.Withmostonlinerecruitmentservices,jobseekersmustchoosetheir

wordscarefullythesearchenginewillnevermakethecorrectmatch.

A.becauseB.whereas

C.providedD.otherwise

33.Thechildshouldalwaysthesamebasicprocedure:seeingthewhole

word—hearingandpronouncing—writingfrommemory.

A.gothroughB.takeover

C.respondtoD.carryoff'

34.ThatMGMGrandYouthCenterisopentochildren3-12yearsoldwhat

hoteltheyarestayingin.

A.regardlessinB.regardlessof

C.regardlessonD.regardlessfrom

35.EversinceGeoffreysentasizeablechequetoawell-knowncharity

he'sbeenwithrequestsformoneyfromallsides.

A.devastatedB.smashed

C.bombardedD.cracked

SectionB(0.5pointeach)

Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourparts

underlinedandmarkedA,B,C,andD.IndicatewhichOfthefourpartsis

incorrectlyused.Markthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicebydrawing

asinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswer

Sheet.

36.Theopinionpollswereshowing(A)76percentofthe

responders(moreconcernedabouttheshamblesofAmerican

education(C)thanaboutanyotherproblemon(D)thepoliticalagenda.

37.KennyGisnotamusician(A)Ireallyhadmuchof(anopinionabout

him(C)untilrecently(D).

38.Iwastwenty-fiveyearsold,andI'djustbeenlaiddown(A)frommy

jobasdivision(managerat(C)amortgagebanking(D)firm.

39.Weknewsolittle(A)aboutequipments(,disposal(C)techniques,the

wholething(D).

40.Itwassodisgusted(A),andsomewhathazardous(,nottomention(C)

ahugehassleandmonetaryexpense(D).

41.Ofcourse,Iamawareof(A)whathehasplayedsince(,thesuccess

hehashad(C),andthecontroversy(D)hassurroundedhimamong

musiciansandseriouslisteners.

42.That擔notsaying(A)it'seasy,though(.Therearedefinitely(C)jobs

thatworeon(D)you.

43.Perhapsnotsurprisingly(A),thecolleagueswhomIthoughtless

high(,andwhomIportrayedlessadmiringly(C),didnotsharemy

view(D).

44.TheTimes,financially(A)successfulitmaybe(,isapowerfulbut(C),

atthismoment,notveryhealthyinstitution(D).

45.Havingimposedtemporarysentences(A)ofunprecedented(severity

onthefivedefendantswhopleadedguilt(C),thejudgetoldthemthat

theiractualsentencesmightdependontheircooperationwith(D)

subsequentinvestigations.

PARTIIICLOZETEST(15minutes,15points)

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebest

answerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn.Markthe

correspondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquare

bracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Whenwethinkaboutaddictiontodragsoralcohol,wefrequentlyfocus

onnegativeaspects,ignoringthepleasuresthataccompanydrinkingor

drug-taking.46theessenceofanyseriousaddictionisapursuitof

pleasure,asearchfora"high"thatnormallifedoesnot47,Itisonlythe

inabilitytofunction48theaddictivesubstancethatisdismaying,the

dependenceoftheorganismuponacertainexperienceanda.49inability

tofunctionnormallywithoutit.Thusapersonwilltaketwoorthree50at

theendofthedaynotmerelyforthepleasuredrinkingprovides,butalso

becausehe"doesn'tfeel51withoutthem..

52doesnotmerelypursueapleasurableexperienceandneedto53itin

ordertofunctionnormally.Heneedstorepeatitagainandagain.

Somethingaboutthatparticularexperiencemakeslifewithoutit54

complete.Otherpotentiallypleasurableexperiencesarenolonger

possible,55underthespelloftheaddictiveexperience,hislifeis

peculiarly56.Theaddictcravesanexperienceandyetheisneverreally

satisfied.Theorganismmaybe57_sated,butsoonitbeginstocrave

again.

Finallyaseriousaddictionis58aharmlesspursuitofpleasurebyIts

distinctlydestructiveelements.Aheroinaddict,forinstance,leadsa59

life:hisincreasingneedforheroininincreasingdosespreventshimfrom

working,frommaintainingrelationships,fromdevelopinginhumanways.

60analcoholic'slifeisnarrowedanddehumanizedbyhisdependenceon

alcohol.

46.A.HenceB.Because

C.AndyetD.Moreover

47.A.supplyB.resume

C.acceptD.prevent

48.A.exceptB.without

C.withD.besides

49.A.frustratingB.surprising

C.unchangingD.increasing

50.A.dragsB.drinks

C.dosesD.draughts

51.A.normalB.content

C.delightedD.spirited

52.A.AdrugtakerB.Theaddicted

C.AnaddictD.Thedrugger

53.A.performB.make

C.experienceD.initiate

54.A.otherthanB.ratherthan

C.morethanD.lessthan

55.A.whileB.thus

C.evenifD.for

56.A.distortedB.rectified

C.exaggeratedD.improved

57.A.eventuallyB.temporarily

C.accordinglyD.subsequently

58.A.identicalwithB.consistentwith

C.separatedfromD.distinguishedfrom

59.A.destructiveB.Dissatisfied

C.damagedD.derivative

60.A.SimilarlyB.Conversely

C.NaturallyD.Generally

PARTIVREADINGCOMPREHENSION(60minutes,30points)

Directions:Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsome

questionsorincompletestatements.Eachquestionorstatementis

followedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassage

carefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionor

completesthestatement.Marktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebar

acrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Passage1

IttooknotimeatallforthenativeAmericanswhofirstgreeted

ChristopherColumbustobeallbuterasedfromthefaceoftheearth.For

aboutathousandyearsthepeacefulpeopleknownastheTainohad

thrivedinmodem-dayCubaandmanyotherislands.Butlessthan30

yearsafterColumbus'arrival,theTainowouldbedestroyedbySpanish

weaponry,forcedlaborandEuropeandiseases.Unliketheirdistant

cousins,theInca,AztecsandMaya,theTainoleftnopyramidsor

temples-noobvioussignsthattheyhadeverexisted.

Butitisamistaketoassume-asmanyscholarshaveuntilquiterecently

thattheabsenceofabundantartifactsmeanttheTainowerenecessarily

moreprimitivethanthegrandercivilizationsofCentralandSouth

America.Theysimplyusedlessdurablematerials:theTainoreliedon

woodforbuildingandmostcraftwork,andmuchofwhattheymadehas

disintegratedoverthecenturies.However;thankslargelytotwo

remarkabledigsundertakenrecently,archaeologistswillbeableto

enrichtheirknowledgeoftheTaino.

InavillageonthenortherncoastofCuba,aCanadian-Cubanteam

discoveredthenearlyintactremainsofaTainodwellingburiedinthedirt.

ThissitemayhavebeenoneoftheTaino'smajorcenters.Meanwhile,

deepintheforestsoftheDominicanRepublic,aU.S.-Dominicanteam

hasalsomadeanimportantdiscovery:a240-ft.-deepTainocenote,or

ceremonialwell,wherehundredsofobjects.throwninasofferingshave

beenpreservedintheoxygen-poorWater.

ItwilltakeamuchlongertimetounderstandtheTainofully,butthey

havebeenrescuedfromtheignoblestatusoffootnotesinthechapterof

historythatbeganwiththearrivalofColumbus.

61.ThemainideaofParagraph1is

A.ChristopherColumbusreturnedtheTaino'sgreetingwithcruelty.

B.TheEuropeans'comingbroughtanendtotheexistenceoftheTaino.

C.TheTainoonceprosperousinmodem-dayCubanowhasnotraceon

earth.

D.SpanishweaponrywouldhavecrashedtheTainobutforColumbus'

arrival.

62.ItisassumedtheTainohadacomparativelylowcivilizationmostly

because

A.theTainohadproducednowrittenrecords.

B.theTainohadbuiltnopyramidsmidtemples.

C.therehasbeenlittlewoodenstructuretheTainoreliedon.

D.therehasbeenfewremainsshowingthelifeoftheTaino's.

63.WhichstatementistrueconcerningtheTaino?

A.Theywereenslavedbyforeigninvaders.

B.TheyweremorewarlikethanotherIndians.

C.Theywerethemostshort-livedofallthecivilizations.

D.Theywereburieddeepinthedirtoroxygen-poorwater.

64.Whatdoestheitalicizedword"ignoble"(inthelastsentence)

probablymean?

A.unfortunateB.unsuccessful

C.unpromisingD.unworthy

Passage2

Alreadylaserscanobliterateskinblemishes,topicallyapplieddrugscan

smoothfaciallinesandinjectedagentscanremovedeepwrinkles.Future

productswillbefaster,borerandlongerlasting."Newsubstanceswillbe

developedbyentrepreneurs,"saysBrianMayou,anaestheticplastic

surgeon,"thatwillbemoresuccessfulthanliquidsiliconethatweuse

todaytoeradicatewrinkles."Thenextmajorbreakthrough,saysMel

Brahmn,plasticsurgeonandchiefexecutiveoftheHarleyMedicalGroup,

willbelasertreatmentthatneedsnorecoveryperiod.

NicholasLowe,clinicalprofessorofdermatologyattheUniversityofLos

Angeles,adds:"Therewillbemoreefficientanti-oxidantstohelpreduce

sundamageandaging.Therewillalsobesubstancesthatincreasethe

productionofnewcollagenandelastictissuetomaintaintheelasticityof

youthfulskin."

LeeShreider,aresearchcosmeticchemist,saysthatwemaybeableto

lookbetterwithoutanykindofoperationassemi-permanentmake-up

getsbetter.

"Crookednoseswillbeimprovedbyeffectivelysealingonshadedcolors

thateitherenhanceorsubdueareasoftheface.Wewillbeableto

straighteneyebrowsandlipsmakingthefacemoresymmetrical-which

remainsoneofthekeystobeauty~andevencloseblockedporeswith

permanent,custom-designedfoundation."

Thedevelopmentofthesafesuntanisapotentialgoldmine.Being

researchedattheUniversityofArizona,butalongwayfromreality,isthe

injectabletan.ProfessorLoweisoptimistic:"Therewillalmostcertainly

beasafewayofdevelopingasunlesstanthatprotectsagainstsun

damage.Inanimalresearch,we'veappliedcreamstoguineapigsthat

canactually'turnon'someofthegenesthatproducepigmentation

withoutanysunlightexposure."

65.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A.Inventionsincosmetology.

B.Newdiscoveryinface-filling.

C.Abrightfutureforfacialmake-up.

D.Thedevelopmentofbeautyculture.

66.Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeenusedtoremovedeep

wrinkles?

A.Applieddrugs.

B.Liquidsilicone.

C.Lasertreatment.

D.Anti-oxidant.

67.Paragraph4suggeststhatonecouldimproveeffectivelyone's

appearanceconcerningthenose,eyebrows,lips,etc.

A.byapplyingcertainlotions.

B.byhavingabeautyoperation.

C.bychangingthefaceshape.

D.byblockingseveralpores.

68.Asimpliedinthelastparagraph,theinjectabletanisbeing

researchedtomeetthedemandofthepeoplewho

A.refusetobeexposedtothesun.

B.refusetoapplysuntancreams.

C.wanttogetatanforbeauty.

D.wanttotrygenepigmentation.

Passage3

Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtues,which

turntoviceswiththelapseofyears.Theworstoftheseisthrift,whichm

earlyandmiddlelifeiswisdomanddutytopracticeforaprovision

againstdestitution.Astimegoesonthisvirtueisapttoturnintothe

ugliest,cruelest,shabbiestofthevices.Thenthevictimofitfindshimself

storingpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,to

thedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.Intheearliertimewhen

gainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthe

touch,ofhisriches,mhearingthecoinsclinkIntheirfallthroughhis

fingers,andmgloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.

Thenthemiserhadhisplaceamongthegreatfiguresofmisdoing;he

wasofadramaticeffect,likeamurdererorarobber;andsomethingof

thisbaddistinctionclungtohimevenwhenhiscoinshadchangedto

papercurrency,theclean,whitenotesoftheonlyEnglishbank,orthe

greenbacksofourinnumerablebanksofissue;butwhenthesenseof

ficheshadbeentransmutedtothebalanceinhisfavorathisbanker's,or

thebondsinhisdraweratthesafety-depositvault,allsplendorhadgone

outofhis~ice.Hisbademinencewasgone,butheclungtothelustof

gainwhichhadrankedtrimwiththepicturesquewrong-doers,andwhich

onlyruinfromwithoutcouldsavehimfrom,unlesshegavehisremnant

ofstrengthtosavinghimselffromit.Mostagingmenaresensibleofall

this,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathe

whodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparative

povertyoffiftymillions.

69.Thisshortpassageismainlytotellthat

A.manbecomesincreasinglygreedywhengettingold.

B.amisercanbehonestifhedoesnowrongact.

C.agecanhelpconvertsomevirtueintoavice.

D.misersallstartedfromtryingtobethrifty.

70.Accordingtothepassage,oneisthoughtviciouswhenhe

A.gathersupmoneyatthesacrificeofallhisfamilymembers.

B.practicesendlessthriftytoguardhispeoplefrompoverty.

C.storescontinuouslyforhisownandhisrelatives'needs.

D.savestoomuchbutwouldn'tspenditforthenecessary.

71.Theitalicizedexpression"gloatingupon"probablymeans

A.thinkingwithslightguilt.

B.seeingwithmuchsatisfaction.

C.touchingwithgreatawe.

D.hearingwithlittledelight.

72.Thepassageimpliesthatwhatcouldstopamiserfromlustingfor

moneymightbe

A.hisfrankness.

B.hiseminence.

C.hisdeath.

D.hisglory.

73.Thewords"inthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions"attheendof

thepassagesuggestsanotionthat

A.stinginessmaycauseaveryrichmantodieverypitiful.

B.richpeoplemaystilltake50millionascomparativelylittle.

C.oneremainsdiscontentwithallhe'sgaineduntilhisdeath.

D.therichareinconsiderateofthemajoritythatliveinpoverty.

Passage4

Ifamotherpusheshersmallsoninaswing,givingonlyalightforceeach

timehereturns,eventuallyhewillbeswingingquitehigh.Thechildcan

dothisforhimselfbyusinghislegstoincreasethemotion,butboththe

mother'spushandthechild'slegmovementsmustoccurattheproper

moment,ortheextentoftheswingwillnotincrease.Inphysics,

increasingtheswingisincreasingtheamplitude;thelengthoftherope

ontheswingdeterminesitsnaturaloscillationperiod.Thisabilityofan

objecttomoveperiodicallyortovibratewhenstimulatedbyaforce

operatinginitsnaturalperiodiscalledresonance.

Resonanceisobservedmanytimeswithoutconsciouslythinkingaboutit;

forexample,onemayfindanannoyingvibrationorshimmyinan

automobile,causedbyalooseenginemountvibratingwithincreasing

amplitudebecauseofanout-of-roundtire.Thebulgeonthetireslapsthe

pavementwitheachrevolution;atthenaturalresonancepoint~ofthe

enginemount,itwillbegintovibrate.Suchvibrationscanresultin

considerabledamageifallowedtopersist.Antherdestructiveexampleof

resonanceistheshatteringofacrystalgobletbytheproductionofa

musicaltoneatthenaturalresonantpointofthegoblet.Theenergyof

thesoundwavescausesvibrationintheglass;asitsamplitudeincreases,

themotionintheglassexceedstheelasticityofthegoblet,andit

shatters.

Aninstrumentcalledatachometermakesuseoftheprincipleof

resonance.Itconsistsofmanytinybars,looselyfastenedtogetherand

arrangedsothateachbarcanslideindependentlyoftheothers.

Movementofthebarscauseschangesinadial.Whenplacednexttoa

rotatingmotororengine,thetachometerpicksupslightvibrationswhich

aretransferredtotheresonantbars.Thesebarsbegintomove,andthe

resultingdialmaybereadtofindtherevolutionsperminuteofthemotor

veryquickly.

74.Anobject,ifmovingrhythmicallywhenstimulatedinanaturalperiod,

issaidto

A.vibrate.

B.resonate.

C.swing.

D.oscillate.

75.Thedistanceaswingmovesfromitsrestingpositioniscalledits

A.revolution.

B.movement.

C.frequency.

D.amplitude.

76.Atachometerisaninstrumentthatusesresonancetodetermine

A.thespeedofamotorinrevolutions.

B.thefrequencyatwhichamotorvibrates.

C.theamplitudeofanenginethatoscillates.

D.thechangesinadialwithinacarengine.

77.Anannoyingvibrationcanbecausedatthenaturalresonanceofthe

car'senginemount

A.iftheenginemovestoofast.

B.iftheengine'samplitudeincreases.

C.ifatiregetsoutofbalance.

D.ifadamageoccursintheengine.

78.Inwhichofthefollowingcasesisitusefultoconsidertherelationship

betweenthelengthofanoscillatingobjectanditsnaturalperiod?

A.Adjustingthespeedofacar.

B.Adjustingaclockpendulum.

C.Adjustingtirebalance.

D.Adjustingenginemounts.

Passage5

IwasintroducedtotheconceptofliteracyanimatorinOladumi

Arigbede's(1994)articleonhighilliteracyratesamongwomenand

schooldropoutratesamonggirls.AccordingtoArigbede,literacy

animatorsviewtheirroleasassistingintheself-liberatingdevelopment

ofpeopleintheworldwhoarestrugglingforamoremeaningfullife.

Animatorsareafamilyofdeeplyconcernedandcommittedpeoplewhose

gut-levelrejectionofmasshumanpauperizationcompelsthemto

interveneonthesideofthemarginalized.Theirmotivationisnotderived

fromaloveofliteracyasmerelyanothertechnicallifeskill,andthey

acceptthatliteracyisneverculturallyorideologicallyneutral.

Arigbedewritesfromherexperiencesasananimatorworkingwith

womenandmeninNigeria.Shebelievesthatliteracyanimatorshaveto

makeaclearchoiceaboutwhosecultureandwhoseideologywillbe

fosteredamongthosewithwhomtheywork.Doliteracyeducatorsinthe

UnitedStatesconsiderwhethertheinstructiontheypursueconflictswith

theirstudents'traditionalculturesorcommunity,orfostersilliteraciesin

learners'firstorhomelanguagesordialectsandintheirorality?

Someapproachestoliteracyinstructionrepresentanideologyof

individualism,control,andcompetition.Consider,forexample,the

differenceinvaluesconveyedandrepresentedwhenstudentsengagein

choralreadingversusthepracticeofhavingonestudentreadoutloudto

thegroup.Toidentifyasaliteracyanimatoristochoosetheideologyof

"sharing,solidarity,love,equity,co-operationwithandrespectofboth

natureandotherhumanbeings".Literacypedagogythatmatchesthe

animatorideologyworksonmaintainingthelanguagesandculturesof

millionsofminoritychildrenwhoatpresentarebeingforcedtoaccept

thelanguageandcultureofthedominantgroup.Itmightleadto

assessmentthatexaminestheperformanceoutcomesofacommunityof

literacylearnersandthesocialsignificanceoftheirusesofliteracy,as

opposedtomeasuringwhatanindividualcandoasareaderandwriter

onastandardizedtest.Shor(1993)describesliteracyanimatorsas

problem-posing,community-based,dialogiceducators.Doour

teacher-educationtextbooksonreadingandlanguageartspromotethe

ideathatteachersshouldexploreproblemsfromacommunity-based

dialogicperspective?

79.Aliteracyanimatorisonewho

A.strugglesforamoremeaningfullife.

B.freespeoplefrompovertyandilliteracy.

C.iscommittedtomarginalizetheilliterate.

D.isconcernedwithwhatisbehindilliteracy.

80.TheauthorsuggeststhatliteracyeducatorsintheUSinaway

A.promotestudents'homelanguages.

B.forcestudentstoaccepttheirculture.

C.teachnothingbutreadingandwriting.

D.considerliteracyasofnon-neutralnature.

81.ArigbedeworkedwithNigeriansprobablyto

A.teachAmericancustomsandideology.

B.makeachoiceofculturetobefostered.

C.rejectthevaluesofthedominantclass.

D.helpmaintainNigerianlanguageandculture.

82.Accordingtotheauthor,"choralreading"mayrepresent

A.individualism.

B.collectivism.

C.competition.

D.immersion.

83.Animatorideologyemphasizesmore

A.thesocialfunctionofliteracy.

B.students?performanceintests.

C.thedominantgroup'slanguage.

D.theattainmentoflifeskills.

84.Itisimpliedbytheauthorthat,becauseofthekindofteacher

educationintheUS,teacherstheretendtoignore

A.constantdevelopmentofnewteachingapproaches.

B.usingtheirownwisdominproblem-solving.

C.talentedperformancesofminoritystudents.

D.community-basedliteracyenhancement.

Passage6

Scientistshaveknownformorethantwo,decadesthatcancerisa

diseaseofthegenes.SomethingscramblestheDNAinsideanucleus,

andsuddenly,insteadofdividinginameasuredfashion,acellbeginsto

copyitselffuriously.Unlikeanordinarycell,itneverstops.Butdescribing

theprocessisn'tthesameasfiguringitout.Cancercellsaresoradically

differentfromnormalonesthatit'salmostimpossibletountanglethe

sequenceofeventsthatmadethemthatway.Soforyearsresearchers

havebeenattackingtheproblembytakingnormalcellsandtrying