同位語從句【教學內(nèi)容】同位語從句【教學目標】熟練掌握同位語從句【教學重難點】引導詞的使用、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別【教學過程】*什么是同位語從句：同位語從句是名詞性從句中的一種，是用以解釋說明某一名詞內(nèi)容和實質(zhì)的從句，它所修飾的詞稱為先行詞。同位語從句在主句中的作用等同于先行詞的作用。Eg:Thenewsthatwe’llgoonapicnicthisSundayisn’ttrue.這個星期天我們要去野餐的消息不是真的。析：Thefact就等于we’llgoonapicnic,是對thefact的解釋說明。▼同位語從句常修飾的名詞不是所有的名詞都可以跟同位語從句，可以被同位語從句修飾的多是含有抽象意義的名詞。常用的有：●advice建議●belief信念、相信●doubt懷疑●explanation解釋●fear害怕●fact事實●hope希望●idea想法、主意●news消息●order命令●opinion觀點●possibility可能性●promise答應、諾言●problem問題●question問題●report報道●reply答復●statement●suggestion建議●thought想法●truth事實●wish望愿●warning警告●word消息

*同位語從句的連接詞的使用?由that引導Eg:①Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我們聽到我們隊贏了。②Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。③Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明天放假的消息不實。?在某些名詞，例如suggestion,advice,request,order,demand,requirement等意為“建議，命令，要求”的名詞后，同位語從句的謂語動詞通常用“should+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構，句中should可以省略。Eg:①Thesuggestionthatthenewrule(should)beadoptedcamefromtheChairman.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來的。②Theyexpressedthewishthatshe(should)accepttheaward.他們表示希望她接受這筆獎金。?由whether引導的同位語從句Eg:①Answermyquestionwhetherhewillcome.你回答我的問題：你來不來。②Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependontheresult.這個是對還是錯要看結(jié)果。【注意】*whether可引導同位語從句，但if不能引導同位語從句。*名詞doubt“懷疑”后的同位語從句用whether連接；nodoubt“不懷疑”后的同位語從句用that連接。如：●Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.我們懷疑他們是否能準時完成任務?！馮hereisnodoubtthatLiWeiwillkeephispromise.毫無疑問，李偉會信守承諾的。

?由連接代詞what,which,who,whom引導的同位語從句Eg:①Haveyouanyideawhattimeitstarts你知道什么時候開始嗎②Thequestionwhoshouldtheworkrequiresconsideration.誰該干這項工作，這個問題需要考慮。③Ihavenoideawhomtheyaretalkingabout.我不知道他們在談論誰。④Idon’tknowthequestionwhichpenismine.我不知道哪支筆是我的。?由連接副詞when,where,why,how引導的同位語從句Eg:①Ihavenoideawhenhewillcome.我不知道他什么時候回來。②Itisaquestionhowhedidit.問題是他怎么去做。③Hehadnoideawhysheleft.他不知道她為什么離開。④Idon’tknowthequestionwheretheconcertwillbeheld.我不知道音樂會在哪里舉行?！倦S即隨練】一、用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空1.Buttheyforgetthefactthattheywerenotexperienced.2.Ihavenoideawhatisgoingonthedayaftertomorrow.3.Thequestionwhen/why/how/whethertheywillcomebackisveryimportant.4.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisatrend.5.Sheaskedmeaquestionwhetherwewillgoswimmingornot.6.Idohopeyoucankeepyourpromisethatyouwillneverbelateagain.13.Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.?同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別*定語從句和同位語從句都是用來修飾名詞的，因此也很容易混淆，以下從幾個方面進行分析其區(qū)別：從意義上來看：同位語從句相當于名詞，對先行詞的內(nèi)容進行解釋、補充說明；而定語從句相當于形容詞，對先行詞起修飾、描述或限制作用。Eg:→①Iwon’tbelievethefactthatheliedtohismother.我不愿相信他對他母親撒謊的事實。（that引導的同位語從句，從句對fact的內(nèi)容進行說明）→②Iwon’tbelievethefact(that)hetoldme.我不愿相信他告訴我的事實。（that引導定語從句，并在從句中作謂語動詞的賓語，從句對fact進行限定）從引導詞來看：引導詞that在同位語從句中是連詞，只起連接作用，無具體詞義，that不可省略；that在定語從句中是關系代詞，它在從句中充當一定成分---主語或賓語，有具體詞義，作賓語時還可以省略。Eg:→①Thefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.昨天我們參觀的是一家化工廠。（that引導的定語從句，并在從句中作賓語）→②ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.他將要去上海的消是息真的。（that引導的同位語從句，that只起連接從句的作用）message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,question,order等，而定語從句修飾的先行詞無此限制。when,where,why引導的定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別When,where,why引導定語從句時，分別指前面先行詞所表示的時間、地點、原因，在從句中作狀語，而同位語從句中when,where,why等在從句中有疑問意義而且前面的名詞不是表示時間、地點、原因的。Eg:→①IwillrememberthetimewhenIwontheprizeintheNationalMathsCompetitionforever.我將永遠記著我在全國數(shù)學競賽中獲獎的那一刻。（定語從句）IhavenoideawhenhewontheprizeintheNationalMathsCompetition.我不知道他是什么時候在全國數(shù)學競賽中獲獎的。（同位語從句）→②Thequestionwhereweshouldgohasnotbeendiscussed.我們應當去哪里的問題還沒有討論。（同位語從句）→③Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate你知道他為什么遲到了嗎（定語從句）Ihavenoideawhyithappened.我不知道它為什么會發(fā)生。（同位語從句)→④YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.你不知道我是多么的擔心。（同位語從句）*關系詞what,how,whether只能引導同位語從句，而不能引導定語從句。判斷定語從句和同位語從句的方法凡是同位語從句，改為Thefact/news/idea/order/truth/thoughtis/was……結(jié)構時，從語法及語意上都講的通，而定語從句則不可。Eg:①Thenewsthatourteamwonthegameexcitedusall.(that引導的同位語從句）→Thenewswasthatourteamwonthegameexcitedusall..②Thenewsthattheradiobroadcastthismorningisnottrueatall..(that引導的定語從句）→Thenewswasthattheradiobroadcastthismorningisnottrueatall.(誤）【牛刀小試】判斷并分析下列句子是同位語從句還是定語從句1.ThenewsthathetoldmewasthatChineseMen’sFootballTeamhadlostagain.(定語從句）2.ThenewsthatChineseMen’sFootballTeamhadlostagainwasnotsurprising.(同位語從句）3.IheardthenewsthattheGermanflightcrashed.(同位語從句）4.ThisisthefactorywhereIlivedtwoyearsago.(定語從句）5.Sheputforwardaquestionwhyhewaslate.(同位語從句）6.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.(同位語從句）【隨堂檢測】一、填入適當?shù)倪B接詞meyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.didyougettheideathatIcouldnotcomenewsthat/whichhetoldmeyesterdayistrue.raisedthequestionwhere/when/whetherwecouldgetthefund.havenoideawhy/whenshequittedherpresentjob.newsthat/whichIgotfromyouistrue.youhaveanyideawhatisactuallygoingonintheclassroomisthegirlwhom/who/thatImetinthestreet..questioncameupatthemeetingwhetherwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.SundaytheyreachedNanjingwhereaconferencetobeheld.11..Ihavenoideawhowillbeinchargeofthecompanywhenthemanagerisaway.12..Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.13..I’mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.14..Ihaven’tansweredthequestionhowIwilldealwithit.decisionwhenweshouldgetstartedhasn’tbeenmade.’llgraduateinJulywhenwewillbefree.二、完成句子。1.Thefactthathewonthegame(他贏得比賽）isamazing.2.Therumorthattherewillbeanearthquake(將要發(fā)生地震）soonspreadalloverthearea.3.SheaskedmeaquestionwhowillbeournewEnglishteacher(誰將是我們的新英語老師）i4.YouhavenoideahowworriedIwasthen(我當時有多急）.5.ThequestionwhetherthesixAmericanteacherswillgotomorrow(六位美國老師明天是否要走）hasn’tbeensettled.6.Sheputforwardthequestionwherethepartywillbeheld.(聚會將在哪里舉行）.【易混淆單詞】一、PeoplesayitisCanada’smostbeautifulcity,surroundedbymountainsandthePacificOcean.人們說它（溫哥華）是加拿大最美麗的城市，被群山和太平洋環(huán)抱。*surroundedvt.包圍；圍繞surround....with....用……包圍……?搭配besurroundedby/with被……包圍Eg:Thepolicesurroundedthehouse.=Thehousewassurroundedbythepolice.警察包圍了這座房子。Shehasalwaysbeensurroundedwithfashionablefriends.她周圍總有喜歡趕時髦的朋友?！净顚W活用】在橫線處填入適當?shù)脑~1.WhatimpressedmeintheGreecewasthattheoceanssurroundingtheislandweredeepblue.2.Astheyhadbeensurroundedbyourarmyforaweek,thearmyhadnochoicebuttosurrender(投降).二、Thatafternoonaboardthetrain,thecousinssettleddownintheirseats.那天下午，表姐妹倆才登上火車落了座。*aboard(1)prep.上船（飛機、火車、公共汽車等）Eg:①goaboardaship(plane,train,bus,etc.)上船（飛機、火車、公共汽車等）②Theyfinallywentaboardtheplane.他們終于登上了飛機。goaboard=goonboard上船（飛機、火車、公共汽車等）?搭配Allaboard!請大家上船（飛機、火車、公共汽車等）Welcomeaboard.歡迎搭乘。Eg:①Everybodyaboardwasworried.飛機上的人都很著急。②“Welcomeaboard,”saidtheflightattendant.乘務員說：“歡迎乘坐?！?辨析aboard,abroad,broad與board詞語詞義釋例aboardPrep.&adv.在（到）船（飛機、火車等）上。Goaboard上船（飛機、火車等）Adv.在(到）國外abroadGoabroad去（到）國外Studyabroad去國外讀書broadboardadj.廣闊的Abroadriver一條寬闊的河流Goonboard上船（火車、飛機等）n.木板；董事會；膳食（費用）v.上船（火車、飛機等；寄宿【隨即隨練】在橫線處填入適當?shù)脑~1.Theshipsetsailafterallthecrewcameonboard.2.Thehijackedairplanecrashedintothetower,killingallthepassengersandcrewmembersaboard.三、Earlierthatday,whentheycrossedtheRockyMountains,theymanagedtocatchsightofsomemountaingoatsandevenagrizzlybearandaneagle.那天早些時候，當她們穿過落基山脈時，她們設法看到了一些野山羊，甚至還看到了一只灰熊和一只鷹。*Mangerv.(1)設法做成；成功應付managetodo設法做成某事?搭配manageit設法做到Eg:①Idon’tthinkIcanmanagealongwalktoday.我想我今天走不遠。②Didyoumanagetogetanysleepontheplane你在飛機上睡點覺了嗎（2）能解決（問題）；應付（困難的局面等）managewith?搭配managewithoutEg:①Howonearthdidyoumanagewithoutaphone沒有電話你究竟是怎么解決的②Canyoumanagewithallthosebags你拿得動所有那些包嗎（3）管理；經(jīng)營；負責Eg:①Hemanagesthefamilybusiness.他管理著那個家族企業(yè)。②Johnmanagesastaffofsixemployee.約翰管理著六名雇員。（4）湊合著活下去；支撐?搭配manageonsth.Eg:Idon’tknowhowhemanageonwhatheearns.我不知道他是怎么樣僅靠他掙得的那點兒錢生活的。辨析managetodosth.,trytodosth.,與trydoingsth.詞語辨析例句有succeedindoingsth.之意，指“（經(jīng)過努力Hemanagedtofinishtheworkonmanagetodosth.和克服困難之后）將某事做成”，即經(jīng)過努力達到time.他總算按時完成了工作任了目的，重點在于結(jié)果務。指“設法或試圖做某事”，強調(diào)要做某事或盡力做ShewilltrytolearnEnglish.trytodosth.某事（但不一定成功），強調(diào)動作而不是結(jié)果她將努力學習英語。trydoingsth.Whynottryknockingatthebackdoor為什么不試著敲敲后門（用某種方法)試一試或試試看【牛刀小試】在下列橫線處填入適當?shù)脑~1.Despiteallthetroubles,shemanagedtogetthechickenintothestove.2.Thoughwelefthomeverylate,wemanagedtocatchthelasttrain.3.Hetriedtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.4.Whynottrygoingbyboatforachange【課后練習】一、單項選擇issaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities;thisistheinformationBhasbeenputforward.2.LilyhassomeideaAshe‘sgoingtobewhenshegrowsup.3.ThenewsAIgotfromyouisnottrue,butthenewshehasbeenpromotedistrue.A./;that;/;which;who4.SamkepthispromiseBhewoulddoanythinghecouldforLucytomakeasureofherhappiness.5.ThereismuchchanceABillwillneverrecoverfromhisinjuryfortherace.’llreachthesalestargetsinamonthAwesetatthebeginningoftheyear.7.ChetoldusisthenewsChinahasgot32goldmedalsintheAthensOlympicGames,,ofcourse,madeusfeelveryexcited.;which;which;that;which;that;which;that;what8.ThereislittledoubtDourteamwillbeatyours.9.DoyouhaveanyideaChiscousinwillgoabroadforfurtherstudyornot10.InformationhasbeenputforwardBmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.11