基于多源數(shù)據(jù)的淮河流域洪澇災(zāi)害遙感監(jiān)測研究摘要

淮河流域是我國北方重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)和農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)，同時也是水災(zāi)頻發(fā)地區(qū)。為了提高淮河流域洪澇災(zāi)害的監(jiān)測能力，本研究利用多源衛(wèi)星遙感數(shù)據(jù)和水文數(shù)據(jù)，構(gòu)建了淮河流域洪澇災(zāi)害遙感監(jiān)測模型。首先，利用MODIS、Landsat等衛(wèi)星影像，計算出淮河流域不同時間段內(nèi)的NDVI、EVI等植被指數(shù)，進(jìn)一步計算NDWI、LST等指標(biāo)，從而獲得淮河流域的植被覆蓋與地表溫度等信息。其次，結(jié)合淮河流域的DEM和中小河流的排澇能力等水文信息，建立淮河流域的洪澇災(zāi)害風(fēng)險評價模型。最后，利用淮河流域歷史洪澇災(zāi)害數(shù)據(jù)和上述模型得出的洪澇災(zāi)害風(fēng)險評價結(jié)果，進(jìn)行淮河流域洪澇災(zāi)害預(yù)警。實驗結(jié)果表明，構(gòu)建的淮河流域洪澇災(zāi)害遙感監(jiān)測模型能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對淮河流域洪澇災(zāi)害的快速監(jiān)測和預(yù)警。

關(guān)鍵詞：遙感監(jiān)測；洪澇災(zāi)害；淮河流域；多源數(shù)據(jù)；風(fēng)險評價；預(yù)警

Abstract

TheHuaiheRiverBasinisanimportanteconomicandagriculturalareainnorthernChina,butalsoanareapronetowaterdisasters.InordertoimprovethemonitoringabilityoffloodandwaterloggingdisastersintheHuaiheRiverBasin,thisstudyusedmulti-sourcesatelliteremotesensingdataandhydrologicaldatatoconstructaremotesensingmonitoringmodelforfloodandwaterloggingdisastersintheHuaiheRiverBasin.Firstly,byusingMODIS,Landsatandothersatelliteimages,NDVI,EVIandothervegetationindiceswerecalculatedfordifferenttimeperiodsintheHuaiheRiverBasin.Then,NDWIandLSTindicatorswerefurthercalculatedtoobtaininformationonvegetationcoverageandsurfacetemperatureintheHuaiheRiverBasin.Secondly,combinedwiththeDEMoftheHuaiheRiverBasinandthedrainagecapacityofsmallandmedium-sizedrivers,thefloodandwaterloggingdisasterriskevaluationmodelfortheHuaiheRiverBasinwasestablished.Finally,usinghistoricalfloodandwaterloggingdisasterdataintheHuaiheRiverBasinandthefloodandwaterloggingdisasterriskevaluationresultsobtainedfromtheabovemodel,floodandwaterloggingdisasterwarningswereissued.TheexperimentalresultsshowthattheconstructedfloodandwaterloggingdisasterremotesensingmonitoringmodelfortheHuaiheRiverBasincanachievefastmonitoringandwarningoffloodandwaterloggingdisastersintheHuaiheRiverBasin.

Keywords:remotesensingmonitoring;floodandwaterloggingdisasters;HuaiheRiverBasin;multi-sourcedata;riskevaluation;warninFloodsandwaterloggingdisastersaremajornaturalhazardsthatcancauseextensivedamagetopropertyandlossoflife.TheHuaiheRiverBasinisoneoftheregionsinChinathatispronetosuchdisasters.Inordertomitigatetheimpactofthesedisasters,itisimportanttodevelopeffectivemonitoringandwarningsystemsthatcanprovidetimelyinformationtodecision-makersandthepublic.

Remotesensingtechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedtomonitornaturaldisasters,includingfloodsandwaterlogging.Inthisstudy,aremotesensingmonitoringmodelwasconstructedfortheHuaiheRiverBasinusingmulti-sourcedata,includingsatelliteimages,meteorologicaldata,andhydrologicaldata.Themodelwasdesignedtoevaluatetheriskoffloodandwaterloggingdisastersinthebasinandissuewarningswhennecessary.

Themodelwastestedusingdatafromthe2016floodseasonintheHuaiheRiverBasin.Theriskevaluationresultsshowedthatthemodelwasabletoaccuratelyidentifyareasathighriskoffloodsandwaterlogging.Basedontheseresults,warningswereissuedtotherelevantauthoritiesandthepublic.

TheexperimentalresultsdemonstratedthattheremotesensingmonitoringmodelwaseffectiveinachievingfastmonitoringandwarningoffloodandwaterloggingdisastersintheHuaiheRiverBasin.Themodelcanbefurtherimprovedbyincorporatingmoredatasourcesanddevelopingmoresophisticatedalgorithms.Overall,thefindingsofthisstudyhaveimportantimplicationsfordisastermanagementintheHuaiheRiverBasinandotherregionspronetonaturaldisastersFurthermore,thestudyhighlightstheimportanceofutilizingadvancedtechnologiessuchasremotesensingandGISindisastermanagement.Thesetoolscangreatlyenhancetheefficiencyandeffectivenessofdisasterresponsebyprovidingreal-timemonitoringandsituationalawareness.Additionally,thestudyemphasizestheneedforcollaborationandcoordinationamongrelevantstakeholdersincludinggovernmentagencies,NGOs,andthegeneralpublic.Itisimportanttoinvolvethecommunityindisasterpreparednessandresponseefforts,astheyareoftenthefirstonesimpactedbydisastersandcanplayapivotalroleinmitigatingtheirimpacts.

Moreover,thestudyhighlightsthesignificanceofproactivemeasuressuchaslandusemanagement,constructionofprotectiveinfrastructure,andriskassessmentandmapping.Thesemeasurescanhelpinpreventingorreducingtheseverityofdisastersbyminimizingexposureandvulnerabilitytohazards.Inordertoachievemoreresilientcommunitiesandreducethedamagescausedbydisasters,itiscrucialtoprioritizesuchpreventivemeasuresindisastermanagementstrategies.

Inconclusion,thestudyhasdemonstratedthepotentialofremotesensingtechnologyinprovidingtimelyandaccurateinformationforfloodandwaterloggingdisastermanagementintheHuaiheRiverBasin.Thestudyhasalsohighlightedtheimportanceofproactivemeasures,communityinvolvement,andcollaborationamongstakeholdersindisastermanagement.Asthefrequencyandintensityofnaturaldisasterscontinuetoincrease,itisimperativetoadoptsuchmeasuresandstrategiestoensurethesafetyandwell-beingofcommunitiesindisaster-proneareasInadditiontothestrategiesandmeasuresmentionedintheprevioussection,thereareseveralotherimportantfactorstoconsiderindisastermanagementintheHuaiheRiverBasin.

Firstly,effectivecommunicationiscrucialduringadisaster.Thisincludesthedisseminationofaccurateinformationtoaffectedcommunitiesaswellascoordinatingtheeffortsofvariousstakeholdersinvolvedindisastermanagement.Theuseoftechnology,suchassocialmedia,mobileapps,andothercommunicationtools,canenhancetheefficiencyandeffectivenessofcommunicationindisastermanagement.

Secondly,preparednessandmitigationmeasuresshouldbeprioritized.Thisincludesidentifyingandaddressingpotentialrisksandvulnerabilitiesbeforeadisasterstrikes.Forinstance,proactivemeasuressuchasimprovingdrainagesystemsandbuildingflood-resistantinfrastructurecanreducetheimpactoffloodingandwaterlogging.

Thirdly,communityparticipationandinvolvementareessentialindisastermanagement.Localcommunitiespossessvaluableknowledgeandexperiencethatcancontributetodisasterpreparednessandresponseefforts.Engagingwithcommunitiescanalsoincreasetheirawarenessandunderstandingofdisasterrisksandavailableresources.

Lastly,collaborationamongdifferentlevelsofgovernmentandstakeholdersiscrucialindisastermanagement.Effectivedisastermanagementrequirescooperationandcoordinationamongvariousagenciesandorganizationsatthenational,provincial,andlocallevels.Theinvolvementofnon-governmentalorganizations,privatesectorentities,andcommunity-basedorganizationsisalsoimportantindisastermanagement.

Inconclusion,theHuaiheRiverBasinfacessignificantchallengesinmanagingfloodsandwaterloggingdisasters.However,withtheuseofinnovativetechnologies,proactivemeasures,communityinvolvement,andcollaborationamongstakeholders,disastermanagementcanbeenhanced,andthesafetyandwell-beingofaffectedcommunitiescanbesafeguarded.Itisessentialtoadoptacomprehensiveapproachtodisaste