全國(guó)大學(xué)生英語競(jìng)賽小作文寫作指導(dǎo)例1Directions:Youarepreparingforafieldreport,pleasewriteitinabout100wordswithsuchitemsasfollowing:①thecurrentsituationoftheequipments②yourreasonandsuggestionTo:Mr.ZhaoMinghua,presidentofBeijingUniversityFrom:http://Mr.LiHongJun,DeanofStudies.Subject:Buyingcomputersandvideotaperecorders.DearMr.President:UpontherequestoftheEquipmentDivisionoftheuniversity,wehaveinspectedthelaboratoryofthePhysicalDepartmentandfounditspresentequipmentsunsatisfactorytostudent,particularlytopostgraduates.Becausetherearefourtycomputersinourlaboratory,buttherearealmosttentimesthestudentsand25percentarepostgraduates.Thelaboratorymaterialissoshortagethatthesituationhavetobeimprovedathttp://once.Inordertoenhancetheeffectofexperiments,itisherebyrecommendedthattwentycomputersandtenvideotaperecordersbeboughtandissuedtothelaboratory.LiHongJun*.這是一份實(shí)地考察報(bào)告，要求將所看到的狀況實(shí)事求是的反映出來。upontherequest表示在……的要求下，以request表示要求一般比較正式。postgraduates即研究生例2Direction:Takeareportbytheacademicdepartmentofanassociation.Followsshouldbepayattentionto:1)theimmediateschemes2)detailedinformationsuchasdates,relatedpersonsandnumbersWORK-IN-PROGRESSREPORTFORTHEMONTHOFMARCH,2002From:Annylee,Head,AcademicDepartmentTo:MrNgsik-hung,ChairmanShangHaiEvergreenAssociationRef:0091963Date:2April2002Ⅰ.ShangHaiSecondarySchool1.Thenumberofstudentsforthemonthis:Form1:329,Form2:300,Form3:500,Form4:238,Form5:2342.Theweekstartingfrom17March2002wasscheduledasa"week".3.MentalconsultwasscheduledtobeMarchoffered2002intheSchoolHospitalwithintheperiod29to1May2002.ThepersonsinchargeoftheprogramwouldbestaffoftheMentalHealthSociety.Ⅱ.Academicexchange1.Asoneoftheinitiators,theAssociationhasagreedtohosttheseminar"ThefosteringoftalentedpersonnelinMainlandChina",tobeheldon3May2002inShangHai.2.TheChairmanhasagreedtogiveatalkonbehalfoftheAssociationinaseminarontheexchangeoftalentedpersonnelwithinSouthEastAsia,whichisscheduledtobeheldon1July1997inTokyo.［signature］*.這是一份工作報(bào)告，這類報(bào)告應(yīng)注意言之有序，無論是說一件事的始未，或多項(xiàng)事的情況，都必須有條不紊，思路清晰,并且言之有據(jù)，引用的數(shù)據(jù)要準(zhǔn)確，事實(shí)的真相要客觀地陳述。例3Directions:AshipaccidenttookplaceinChangJiang.Pleaseunitearesearchreporttotell:1)thecauseoftheaccident2)theresults3)theresponseofauthorityToLiMingFromLiuHuaSubject:ShipAccidentoffWestCoastofChangJiang,NoCasualties.Date:April.9,1999YesterdayeveningtwoboatscollidedinthickfoginChangJiangnotfarfromWuHan.Onewasacargoshipcarryinglumber,apparentlyonitswaytoChangJiang.TheotherwasaNationalferryonitsregularrunfromJiuJiangtoWuHan.However,becauseoftheweatherconditions,thecaptainsdidnotrealizethedangeruntilafewsecondsbeforethecollisiontookplace.Consequently,therewasnotimeforthemtopreventtheaccident.Fortunately,therewerenocasualtiesamongthecrewsorpassengers,butbothshipssufferedbadlydamages.Aspokesmanfortheportauthoritiessaidthatacommitteewouldbesetuptodeterminethecauseofthecollision.*這是一份非正式報(bào)告，有幾點(diǎn)必須注意：開頭就交待清楚寫報(bào)告書的目的。詳細(xì)闡述調(diào)查經(jīng)過，盡量做到客觀公正。全國(guó)大學(xué)生英語競(jìng)賽小作文寫作指導(dǎo)——【海報(bào)】寫作指導(dǎo)二、海報(bào)海報(bào)是人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪袠O為常見的一種招貼形式，多用于電影、戲曲、比賽、文藝演出等活動(dòng)。海報(bào)中通常要寫清楚活動(dòng)的性質(zhì)，活動(dòng)的主辦單位、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容。海報(bào)的語言要求簡(jiǎn)明扼要，形式要做到機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)穎美觀。海報(bào)的格式，通常有三部分組成，即標(biāo)題、正文與落款。海報(bào)的標(biāo)題對(duì)于海報(bào)的宣傳極為重要。因此標(biāo)題的撰寫晝做到簡(jiǎn)潔明快，新穎醒目，抓住讀者的注意力，海報(bào)的標(biāo)題形式通常有兩種：一是直接使用“海報(bào)”（Poster）一詞；另一種則是根據(jù)海報(bào)的內(nèi)容，撰寫標(biāo)題。海報(bào)正文是海報(bào)的核心部分，它是對(duì)海報(bào)標(biāo)題的具體描述。語言要求形象生動(dòng)，簡(jiǎn)明扼要。做到既有鼓動(dòng)性，又不夸大其辭。正文的常見表現(xiàn)形式有：簡(jiǎn)介說明式，文學(xué)描述式，美術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)式。例1Directions:YouarepreparingforafriendlyBasketballMatch.Writeaposterwhichasksfor:1)therightformofastandardposter2)writetheplaceandtimeclearlyYoushouldwriteabout100words.POSTERFriendlyBasketballGameThereisgoingtobeafriendlyandwonderfulbasketballmatchbetweenBeijingForestryUniversityBasketballTeamandoursundertheauspicesoftheRecreationalandPhysicalCultureDepartmentofthestudents’unionofthecollege.Ithasbeendecidedthatthisbasketballmatchwillbeheldatthestudents’activitycenterwhichcouldcontainatleast200peopleonSaturday,Aug.23rd,2004,at5:00p.m.Itisexpectedthatthecompetitionbetweenthetwoteamswillbekeenandsevere.Allofyouarecordiallywelcometopresentthematch.TheRecreationalandPhysicalCultureDepartmentoftheStudents’Unionofthecollege.Thursday.Aug.21st.2004*.“由……舉辦”可以用詞組“undertheauspicesof…”，另外，注意中英文通知中落款時(shí)間書寫位置的差別，中文一般寫在右下角，英文寫在左下角。例2Directions:YouaregoingtowriteannoticeforanEnglish-speakingcontest.1)therightformofastandardnotice2)tellthepurposeandcontentofthiscontestclearlyYoushouldwritenolessthan100wordsEnglish-SpeakingContestInordertocarryoutsomeafter-classoralEnglishpracticeactivitiesandimprovethestudents’abilityofspeakingEnglish,theStudents’UnionoftheEnglishdepartmenthasdecidedtoholdadepartmentwideEnglishspeakingcontestatthestudents’activitycenteronSaturdaynextweek,i.eAug.23rd.2004.Everyonewhoiswillingtojoininmaytellyournameandyourtopicofthespeechtoyourmonitor.WewillinvitefiveEnglishteacherstoworkasjudges.Thefirstsixwinnerswillgettheawardsasanencouragement.Warmlywisheveryonetoattendandyourpresencewillcertainlyencourageandcheerthecontestants.TheStudents’UnionofEnglishDepartment*課外活動(dòng)在英語里可表達(dá)為after-classactivities.“inorderto…”是表達(dá)“為了……”的一種常用句型。另外，書寫通知的語言應(yīng)注意做到言簡(jiǎn)意賅。例3Directions:Youarepreparingforapostertointroduceagreatplaceofinterest—GoldCoastofAustralia.Pleasewriteitinabout100words.WELCOMEtoGOLDCOASTofAUSTRALIATheGoldCoastistheundisputedtouristcapitalofAustralia.Eachyearaboutthreemillionpeoplevisittheholidaycitythatrivalsthemostfamousworldresorts.Andwecanalmostpromisesunshine,threehundredsundrencheddaysayear.Ayearlyaverageof25degreesVelsiusandawinteraverageof21degreesCelsiusarenature’sguaranteeforafabulousholiday.ThereisnothingwecannotdoontheGoldCoast.WorldclassattractionsincludeSeaWorld,Dreamworld,WildlifeSanctuary,andthesurfingbeaches.HOTLINE:(075)921655MOBLIE:(018)754211FAX:(075)921472*這是一張澳大利亞“黃金海岸”張貼的公告，供大家參考使用。請(qǐng)著重注意一下有關(guān)聯(lián)系方式的書寫格式。全國(guó)大學(xué)生英語競(jìng)賽小作文寫作指導(dǎo)——【通知】寫作指導(dǎo)全國(guó)大學(xué)生英語競(jìng)賽小作文寫作指導(dǎo)——通知寫作指導(dǎo)一、通知通知是上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、團(tuán)體對(duì)個(gè)人部署工作、傳達(dá)事情或召開會(huì)議時(shí)所用的一種文體。同級(jí)單位有事情要進(jìn)行討論或協(xié)商，也可以互發(fā)通知。通知分兩種：一種是以布告形式，把事情通知有關(guān)人員；另一種是以書信形式，把相關(guān)事情傳達(dá)給有關(guān)人員。一般說來，通知正文上面正中的地方往往有Notice或NOTICE一詞作為題目，正文的下面是發(fā)出通知的單位名稱。有時(shí)，發(fā)出通知單位的名稱也可寫在正文之前。發(fā)出通知的日期一般寫在左下角；發(fā)出通知的人或單位的名稱，可以寫在右下角。這兩項(xiàng)有時(shí)也可以省略。發(fā)出通知的單位和通知對(duì)象一般都用第三人稱，但若正文前用了稱呼語，則應(yīng)用第二人稱表示被通知的對(duì)象。例1Directions:Ifyouaretheorganizerofatourandyoushouldgiveanoticetotellthetouristssomethingaboutit.Itshouldinclude:1)Whereisthedestinationofthetour.2)Whatshouldthetouristspayattentionto.Youshouldwritenolessthan100words.NOTICETOTOURISTSAccordingtotheschedule,thetouringpartywillvisittheSummerPalaceandTianAnmenSquaretoday.YoucanleaveyourbaggageintheLeftBaggageOfficeandpickituplaterthisafternoonifitistooheavytocarrywithyou.Thereceiptofthebaggageshouldbekeptcarefullybecauseyouwillneedit.WewillcometotheSummerPalacefirstandfinishthetourat2pm.ThenwearegoingtothedestinationofTianAnmenSquarewithoutparking.Sopleasedon’tgetoffthesightseeingbusduringthejourneyuntilthedriversaysthatitistimeforfoodanddrinksortoilets.Pleasebeontime!*這是一張旅行團(tuán)張貼的布告，告知游客當(dāng)天的活動(dòng)以及注意事項(xiàng)?！靶欣罴拇嫣帯苯蠰eftBaggageOffice,這是美國(guó)英語。英國(guó)人管行李叫l(wèi)uggage，與此相對(duì)的,行李寄存處便是LeftLuggageOffice。領(lǐng)取行李，美語toclaimbaggage,英國(guó)人說toreclaimluggage。旅游車是sightseeingbus或coach.例2Directions:Therearesomethingimportanttotellthepassengersoftheplane.Writenoticeabout:1)Reconfirmationthereservation2)What’sthevalidityofanormalfareticket.3)Abouttherefund.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsImportantNoticeRECONFIRMATIONIfyoubreakyourjourneyformorethan35hoursatanypointandholdacontinuingorreturnreservation,pleasereconfirmyourintentionofusingthereservation.VALIDITYAnormalfareticketisvalidforoneandahalfyearsfromthedateofissueifnoneofanyportionofithasbeenused,orfromthedateofcommencementifthecarriageiscommenced.Whenindoubt,pleasecheckwiththecarrier’sofficeconcerned.REFUNDTherefundshouldbemadenotlaterthan19daysafterexpirydateoftheticketandonlyrefundedinthesamecountry.*以上是乘坐飛機(jī)的注意事項(xiàng)，包括來回票機(jī)座的確認(rèn)問題（reconfirmation）、機(jī)票的有效期問題（validity）以及退票事項(xiàng)（refund）。在飛行前應(yīng)著重注意這些瑣碎的問題。例3Directions:Youareamemberofthestudents’unionYouwanttoholdalecture.Writeanoticetothestudentstoinform:1)thetopicandmainlycontentsofthelecture2)timeandplace.3)theprofessorwhowillgivethelecture.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsNOTICEJontlysponsoredbytheStudents’UnionandtheYouthLeagueCommittee,aprofessionallecturenaming“HowtheTariffschangedafterChinaenteredintoWTO”willbegivenbyProfessorWangYanqiong.Thislectureismainlyabouthowtheimportandexportpolicesaffectthedevelopmentofeconomy,especiallythetariffs.SomeexpertsonWTOproblemswillbepresenttoo.Theyaregoingtohaveadiscussionduringthemeeting.ThelecturewillbeheldintheterracedclassroomNo.5ofthebuildingonFriday,October1,2004at2:30p.m.Welcomealltheintelligentstudentstojoininthelecture.Pleasebepunctual.Jointlysponsors:TheStudent’sunionandTheYouthLeagueCommittee*在表示聯(lián)合發(fā)起時(shí)，用Jointlysponsors加合作單位名稱例4Directions:YouareasecretaryoftheDean’sOffice.ProfessorWangTingisabsentforhealthreasons.Writeabulletintotellthestudents.Afewofdetailsshouldbeclear:1)whyprofessorWangTingcan’tcometowork.2)whowillsubstituteforher3)howlongthesituationwillbekeptItshouldbenolessthan100words.BULLETINProfessorWangTing,EnglishteacherofGradeThree,istemporarilypreventedfromcomingtoclassforhealthreasons.ProfessorXuZhiyuanwillsubstituteforhertoinstructListeningEnglishfortwoweeks.Thefirstweek,amoviewillbegiventopractisethelisteningEnglish,andthesecondweek,therewillbeaclassdiscussion.ProfessorLiChaoshanwillsubstituteforhertoinstructConversationalEnglishforthreeweeks.Thelastweekisforthefinalexamination.Thetopicofthisweekwillbe“TheSocietyandTheHumanrights”.Youshouldcollectsomematerialsandprepareenoughbeforetheclass.Pleasetelleachotheraboutthemessageandgototheclassontime.Dean’sOffice*“代課”用substitute表示。substitute可用做名詞，例如hisorhersubstitute。Substitute也可用做動(dòng)詞，有兩種表示法：tosubstituteBwithA或tosubstituteAforB.“上課”，大學(xué)里一般用instruct。例5Directions:TheResidents’Committeeneedstoholdameetingtodiscussthesecurityintheresidentialarea.writeanoticetotelltheresidentsthat:1)whythemeetingisnecessary.2)ThetimeandplaceofthissecuritymeetingYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2NOTICEItisreportedbyseveralinhabitantsfromthisresidentialareathatsomestrangerswithdirtyclothes(oneofthemhasascarontheface)havelatelyhauntedthisarea.Somestealingshavehappenedfromtimetotime.SotheResidents’Commiteedecidedtoholdameetingtotalkabouttheproblemsconcerningsecurityinourresidentialarea.ThemeetingwillbeheldinRoom202ofBuildingNo.4,thetimeisfrom2to4p.m.ofMay12,2004.Itisveryimportantthatatleastonememberofeachhouseholdisrequestedtoattend.Pleasebepunctualanddon’tforgettotakethenotebookswithyou.TheResidents’Committee*“居民區(qū)”用residentialarea或residentialquarters來表示，“居委會(huì)”有兩種譯法，一是theResidents’Committee,另一個(gè)是theNeighborhoodCommittee,兩者皆可。例6Directions:YouaretheleaderofthenewPublicSecurityTeam,youshouldtelltheresidentsaboutthesecuritysituationoftheresidentialarea.Thedetailsincluding:1)thepurposeofthisnewPublicSecurityTeam.2)Howtocontactwiththeteam.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsBULLETIN.Recently,therehavebeenseveralburglariesinourresidentialquarters.Afewofmuggingshavebeenreportedbytheinhabitantstoo.Apublicsecurityteamhasbeensetupinordertomaintaintheorderandsecurityofthisresidentialarea.Everyoneandeachhouseholdareexpectedtobeonguard.Ifyouseesomestrangershauntingaroundthisresidentialareaatanytime,pleasebeverycautiousandcareful.Shouldtherebeanyemergencyoryoumaybeintrouble,pleasecall64941101oryoucangotoRoom.1101.ofBuildingNo.9.toaskforhelp.Thankyouforcooperatingwiththeteam.PublicSecurityTeam.*城市尤其是大城市人員流動(dòng)頻繁，犯罪率比較高，“撬門”是burglary,“偷盜”是theft,“攔路搶劫”是mugging,“掏包”是pickpocket,警衛(wèi)或保安人員，是securityguards.Shouldtherebeanyemergency,是一種虛擬證據(jù)，有“萬一”的含義。例如Shouldyoubeintrouble,pleasecall110.例7Directions:YouareaguardoftheGuardroomResidentialArea.Youwanttonoticesomethingtotheinhabitantsofthisarea.Thefollowingsshouldbeclear:1)What’sthepurposeofthisnotice?2)Whatshouldtheinhabitantsdoifthesituationmentionedhappens?Youshouldwriteabout100wordsNOTICEItisreportedfromtheinhabitantsandresidentsinourresidentialareathatafewpersonscametohouseholdstosellgasfromtimetotime.TheypretendedtobetheworkersoftheGasCompanyandenteredintotheinhabitants’homeonthepretextofexaminationofthegasline.Thiskindofsituationshavehappenedseveraltimes.Thisactivityisillegitimateandshouldbeforbidden.TheGasCompanydidn’tsendanyonetocheckthegasorgaslinelately.Shouldsuchpeoplecomeagain,pleaseimmediatelycontactthesecurityguards.Wewillcomeoverandinterfere.Theemergencynumberis64492889.Youcancallatanytimeyouneed.Guardroom.PlesidentialArea*小區(qū)居民，是residents或inhabitants。topretend冒充,onthepretextof。例8Directions:SupposeyouareoneoftheorganizersofEnglishevening.Writeanoticeaboutit,whichshouldincludesponsor,time,placeandtheprogram.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2NOTICETheafterclassActivitiesGrouptakespleasureinannouncingthatundertheauspicesofthestudents’unionofEnglishDepartment,annualEnglisheveningistobeheldinthestudents’activitycenteronSaturday,Aug,23rd,at7:00p.m.Theprogramincludessongs,dances,recitations,storytelling,skitsandplayswhichareplayedallbystudents.AdmissionticketsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheafterclassActivitesGroup,Room205,OfficeBuildingforfree.Itmustbeagoodtimetoenjoyandrelaxyourselves.Allarecordiallywelcometogiveyourencouragementtotheplayersandcheerthem.*takepleasureindoingsth.很高興做某事，undertheauspices(復(fù)數(shù))of…由…舉辦，of后跟主辦、贊助的人或單位。例9Directions:YouarearesidentinHongKongandneedalargerflat.Writeabulletinincludingfollowingdetails:1)yourreasonforthelargerflat.2)yourcontactinformationYoushouldwritenolessthan100words.DearSir/Madam,IamapermanentresidentinHongKongandmypresentresidenceisRm206Block8,KaiManEstate.Ihavebeenlivingwithmymother,wife,youngerbrotherandmytwochildrenintheaboveflat.Notlongago,mybrotherdiedinantrafficaccident.Becauseofthis,hiswifeandhistwochildrenwereallowedtocometoHongKongfromMainlandChinatolivewithus.Thechangefroma6-memberfamilytoa8-memberonehascreatedaverycrowdylivingenvironment.Ithereforewouldliketoapplyforamovetoalargerflatinaccordancewiththehousingregulationsconcerned.Belowaremypersonalparticularsforyourreference:IDCardNo.:A306955(1)ContactTelephoneNo.:3568496CorrespondenceAddress:Rm206,Block8,KaiManEstate,N.T.Yourconsiderationoverthiscasewillbehighlyappreciated.Yoursfaithfully,［signature］*permanentresident長(zhǎng)久公民，inaccordancewith符合，CorrespondenceAddress通訊地址。三、常用句式常用的起首語有：1）ThankyouforyourletterdatedDec.22,1969.2)ManythanksforyourletterofSept.5，1997.3)AthousandthanksforyourkindletterofJune5,1997.4)YourkindletterofNovember22tharrivedthismorning.5)Yourletterwhicharrivedthismorninggavemegreatcomfort.6)Inreplytoyourletterdated4thJuly,Iwanttosay…7)ThankyouverymuchforyourletterofAugust2andthegiftyousentmeonChristmasEve.8)WhatatreattoreceiveyourkindletterofMay5th!9)Itisalwaysathrilltoseeyournicehandwriting.10)FirstofallImustthankyouforyourkindassistanceandhighattentiontome.11)WithgreatdelightIlearnfromyourletterofthisSundaythat…14)Iamverymuchpleasedtoinformyouthatmyvisittoyourcountryhasbeenapproved.15)Iwishtoapplyforteachingpositionyouareoffering.16)Iamtooexcitedanddelightedatyourgoodnews.17)Iamveryobligedtoyouforyourwarmcongratulations.…常用的結(jié)束語有：1）Awaitingyourgoodnews,2)Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply,3)Hopingtohearfromyousoon,4)Weawaityourgoodnews.5)Ihopetohearfromyouverysoon.6)Welookforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.7)IlookforwardtoournextmeetingthereinLosAngeles.8)Yourearlyreplywillbehighlyappreciated.9)Anyotherparticularswantedweshallbepleasedtosendyou.10)Thehelpyougivemeissincerelyvalued.11)Ihopeeverythingwillbewellwithyou.12)Pleaseletusknowifyouwantmoreinformation.13)Ihopeyoualwaysenjoyyourself.14)Iwishyouverysuccessinthecomingyear.15)Pleaseremembermetoyourfamily.16)Withbestregardstoyourfamily.17)Allthebest.18)Withloveandgoodwishes.5.結(jié)束語（ComplimentaryClose）結(jié)束語是寫信人表示自己對(duì)收信人的一種謙稱，只占一行，低于正文一二行，從信紙的中間或偏右的地方開始寫。第一個(gè)詞的開頭字母要大寫，末尾用逗號(hào)。結(jié)束語視寫信人與收信人的關(guān)系而定例如寫給機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體或不相識(shí)的人的信，一般用：Yours(very)truly,Yours(very)faithfully,Yours(very)sincerely，等等。寫給上級(jí)和長(zhǎng)者的信一般可用：Yours(very)respectfully,Yours(very)obediently,Yoursgratefully,Yoursappreciatively,Yourobedientservant,等等。寫給同志或同事的信一般可用：Fraternallyyours,Comradelyyours，等等。寫給熟人或朋友的信可用：Yours,Everyours,Yoursaffectionately,Asever,YourssincerelyYoursdevotedly,(Most)Fondlyyours,Yoursexcitedly,Intimatelyyours，等等。寫給親屬或摯友的信一般用：Yours,Everyours,Yoursasever,Asever,Yoursaffectionately,Lovinglyyours,(Much)Love,WithLove,Lovingly,Yourlovingson,Yourmostaffectionate,Yourdevotedfriend,Devotedly,等等，意即：“您的”、“永遠(yuǎn)是您的”、“您的親愛的”、“您的愛子（孩子、姐妹、侄、侄女、祖母）”、“您的摯友”等。寫給摯友的信有時(shí)也可用：Yourshurriedly,Yourshastily,Yoursinhaste,等等。寫信給摯友，表示歉意時(shí)，可用：Contritelyyours,Regretfullyyours,Yoursin(with)regret,Yoursin(with)deepremorse等。在歐洲一些國(guó)家里，多把Yours放在sincerely等詞的前面。在美國(guó)和加拿大等國(guó)，則多用，把yours放在Sincerely等詞之后。Yours一詞有時(shí)也可省略。例4Directions：BillgotaDoctorateinliteratureforTsinghuaUniversity.Writealettertocongratulatehim.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsanddonotneedtowritetheaddress.DearBill,IgotthenewsfromMikethatyouhavereceivedaDoctorateinliteraturefromTsinghuaUniversity.Icongratulateyouforthis.Tohavereachedthismilestoneinyourscholarshipatayoungageisreallygreat.Itmeans,Ibelieve,yearsofassiduousstudyandhardworkonyourpart.Anditisanachievementyoucanbewellproudof.Asyourbestfriend,Ihopeyoucanreachhigherlevelinyourstudyanddomorecontributiontothesociety.Mybestwishestoyou!Sincerely,×××*朋友年輕有為，獲得博士學(xué)位，應(yīng)該祝賀。正如信中所說，這一成就是“多年來刻苦學(xué)習(xí)和努力工作的結(jié)果”（yearsofassiduousstudyandhardwork）。英文有一句成語：Nosweetnosweat.世界上不勞有獲的事情是沒有的。[技巧&方法]特別推薦：[精華]寫作絕招精華,寫作,絕招[精華]寫作絕招寫作絕招開頭萬能公式1．開頭萬能公式一：名人名言有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”，很好辦：編！原理：我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來的，包括我們欣賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是一定要聽起來很有道理呦！而且沒準(zhǔn)將來我們就是名人呢！對(duì)吧？經(jīng)典句型：Aproberbsays,“Youareonlyyoungonce.”（適用于已記住的名言）Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwecannotbeyoungforever.（適用于自編名言）更多經(jīng)典句型：Aseveryoneknows,Noonecandenythat…2．開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)該用實(shí)際的數(shù)字來說明。原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時(shí)候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78.9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation.看起來這個(gè)數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實(shí)都是編造出來的，下面隨便幾個(gè)題目我們都可以這樣編造：Honesty：根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，大學(xué)生向老師請(qǐng)假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。TravelbyBike：根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候首選的交通工具是自行車。Youth：根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，在某個(gè)大學(xué)，學(xué)生的課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑娛樂。Five-dayWorkWeekBetterthanSix-dayWork?：根據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：Arecentstatisticsshowsthat…結(jié)尾萬能公式1．結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論說完了，畢竟要?dú)w納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)歷，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長(zhǎng)篇大論，到最后終于冒出個(gè)“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個(gè)精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：Obviously（此為過渡短語）,wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefrompolitenessandrespectforothers.如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了！更多過渡短語：tosumup,inconclusion,inbrief,onaccountofthis,thus更多句型：Thus,itcanbeconcludedthat…,Therefore,wecanfindthat…2．結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議如果說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)該是最有價(jià)值的廢話了，因?yàn)檫@里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽！Obviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，因?yàn)榭脊俦緛斫?jīng)?？歼@個(gè)句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會(huì)怎么想呢？更多句型：Accordingly,Irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken.Consequently,tosolvetheproblem,somemeasuresshouldbetaken.寫作的“七項(xiàng)基本原則”一、長(zhǎng)短句原則工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長(zhǎng)句，累死人！寫一個(gè)短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：Asacreature,Ieat;asaman,Iread.Althoughoneactionistomeettheprimaryneedofmybodyandtheotheristosatisfytheintellectualneedofmind,theyareinawayquitesimilar.如此可見，長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，抑揚(yáng)頓挫，豈不爽哉？牢記！強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長(zhǎng)一短，且先長(zhǎng)后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個(gè)短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候采用先短后長(zhǎng)的句群形式，定會(huì)讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結(jié)尾一般用一長(zhǎng)一短就可以了。二、主題句原則國(guó)有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會(huì)給人造成“群龍無首”之感！相信各位讀過一些破爛文學(xué)，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi)，結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個(gè)主題句，放在文章的開頭（保險(xiǎn)型）或者結(jié)尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會(huì)平安無事！特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險(xiǎn)的！Tobeginwith,youmustworkhardatyourlessonsandbefullypreparedbeforetheexam（主題句）.Withoutsufficientpreparation,youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectly.三、一二三原則領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點(diǎn)、第二點(diǎn)、第三點(diǎn)、第二部分、第一點(diǎn)…如此羅嗦?？僧吘惯€是條理清楚?？脊賯兛次恼乱脖厝灰ㄟ^這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚，條理自然。破解方法很簡(jiǎn)單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)前就清楚了。1）first,second,third,last（不推薦，原因：俗）2）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally（不推薦，原因：俗）3）thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast（不推薦，原因：俗）4）inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）5）tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）6）tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally（強(qiáng)烈推薦）7）firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast（強(qiáng)烈推薦）8）mostimportantofall,moreover,finally9）ontheonehand,ontheotherhand（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）10）foronething,foranotherthing（適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況）建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時(shí)說話的時(shí)候也應(yīng)該條理清楚！四、短語優(yōu)先原則寫作時(shí)，尤其是在考試時(shí)，如果使用短語，有兩個(gè)好處：其一、用短語會(huì)使文章增加亮點(diǎn)，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡(jiǎn)單，看不到一個(gè)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的短語，必然會(huì)看你低一等。相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)—精彩的短語，那么你的文章定會(huì)得高分了。其二、關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻思維短路，只有湊字?jǐn)?shù)，怎么辦？用短語是一個(gè)辦法！比如：Icannotbearit.可以用短語表達(dá)：Icannotputupwithit.Iwantit.可以用短語表達(dá)：Iamlookingforwardtoit.這樣字?jǐn)?shù)明顯增加，表達(dá)也更準(zhǔn)確。五、多實(shí)少虛原則原因很簡(jiǎn)單，寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實(shí)際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個(gè)很好的時(shí)候，不應(yīng)該之說nice這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospital之類的形象詞。再比如：走出房間，general的詞是：walkoutoftheroom但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說：slipoutoftheroom小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說：sailoutoftheroom小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說：danceoutoftheroom老人走出房間應(yīng)該說：staggeroutoftheroom所以多用實(shí)詞，少用虛詞，文章將會(huì)大放異彩！六、多變句式原則1）加法（串聯(lián)）都希望寫下很長(zhǎng)的句子，像個(gè)老外似的，可就是怕寫錯(cuò)，怎么辦，最保險(xiǎn)的寫長(zhǎng)句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and,但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說：Ienjormusicandheisfondofplayingguitar.如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個(gè)超級(jí)句式：Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.其它的短語可以用：besides,furthermore,likewise,moreover2）轉(zhuǎn)折（拐彎抹角）批評(píng)某人缺點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題，再說缺點(diǎn)，這種方式雖然陰險(xiǎn)了點(diǎn)，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說話的時(shí)候，只要在要點(diǎn)之前先來點(diǎn)廢話，注意二者之間用個(gè)專這次就夠了。Thecarwasquiteold,yetitwasinexcellentcondition.Thecoatwasthin,butitwaswarm.更多的短語：despitethat,still,however,nevertheless,inspiteof,despite,notwithstanding3）因果（so,so,so）昨天在街上我看到了一個(gè)女孩，然后我主動(dòng)搭訕，然后我們?nèi)タХ葟d，然后我們認(rèn)識(shí)了，然后我們成為了朋友…可見，講故事的時(shí)候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個(gè)詞就變得很常見了。其實(shí)這個(gè)詞表示的是先后或因果關(guān)系！Thesnowbegantofall,sowewenthome.更多短語：then,therefore,consequently,accordingly,hence,asaresult,forthisreason,sothat4）失衡句（頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重）有些人腦袋大，