經典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網絡整理，如有侵權，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！2021年托?？荚嚹M試題：語法202*年托福考試模擬試題：語法Test1語法題筆記練習題1.MostdoctorsoftheColonialperiodbelieved_______wascausedbyanimbalanceofhumorsinthebody.A.indiseaseB.thatdiseaseC.ofdiseaseD.aboutdisease答案:B分析:動詞believe的用法:直接加that引導的賓語從句.這里that為連接adv.,在句中不作任何成分,其后接完整句.參考譯文:大多數殖民時期的醫(yī)生認為疾病來源人體內不平衡的體液.2.In1976SarahCaldwellbecame_________attheMetropolitanOperaHouseinNewYorkCity.A.shewasthefirstwomantoconductB.thefirstwomanconductorC.thewomanwasfirstconductingD.thewomanconductsfirst答案:B分析:缺賓語,答案中只有B,D可以作賓語,但D的語序不對.參考譯文:1976,SarahCaldwell成為在第一個在紐約MetropolitanOperaHouse演出的演奏家.補充:?？紅hefirst/second/…onetodosth3.OnJanuary7,1955,MarianAndersonbecame_________tosingamajorroleatNewYorkCity'sMetropolitanOperaHouse.A.thefirstAfricanAmericanB.thefirstAfricanAmericanwasC.shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanD.whenthefirstAfricanAmerican答案:A分析:缺賓語,C,D都不能作賓語.一句話中只能有一個謂語,而B中有was,句中出現兩個謂語,一定錯.參考譯文:1955年1月7號,MarianAnderson成為在第一個在紐約MetropolitanOperaHouse擔任主唱的美籍黑人.4.PerhapsthemostsignificantpostwartrendwasthedecentralizationofcitiesthroughouttheUnitedStates,_________whenmassivehighway-buildingprogramspermittedgreatersuburbangrowth.A.andacceleratedaphenomenonB.aphenomenonthatacceleratedC.acceleratingaphenomenonwhich,D.theaccelerationofwhichphenomenon答案:B分析:考的是同位語結構,aphenomenon是thedecentralizationofcitiesthroughouttheUnitedStates的同位語.A中and為conj.,后面應該連接一個完整的句子,但缺主語,錯;C中語序混亂,錯;D中ofwhich作為介詞賓語,后面應該接一個完整句,但只有一個phenomenon主語,句子不完整,錯.參考譯文:可能戰(zhàn)后最重大的趨勢就是美國城市的分散化,當大規(guī)模高速公路建設項目容許了更大程度的發(fā)展郊區(qū),這個現象更被促進了.補充:accelerate/accomplish/achieve/evolve都可以是vi.不接賓語5.RonaldReaganhadservedtwotermsasgovernorofCaliforniabefore_________President.A.hebecameB.whenbecomingC.becameD.didhebecome答案:A分析:before為狀語從句引導詞conj,后面一般引導一個完整的句子.B同時出現兩個狀語從句引導詞,錯;C缺主語;D應該為正常語序,選項中使用了倒裝句式,錯.參考譯文:里根在成為美國總統(tǒng)之前連續(xù)兩屆擔任加州的州長.更多推薦：202*年托?？荚嚂r間安排表(全年)更多推薦：202*年托福報名時間安排表(全年)更多推薦：202*年托福成績查詢時間表(全年)2021年托福（TOEFL）考試模擬試題：閱讀ThewarforindependencefromBritainwasalongandeconomicallycostlyconflict.TheNewEnglandfishingindustrywastemporarilydestroyed,andthetobaccocoloniesintheSouthwerealsohardhit.Thetradeinimportswasseverelyaffected,sincethewarwasfoughtagainstthecountrythathadpreviouslymonopolizedthecolonies’supplyofmanufacturedgoods.Themostseriousconsequenceswerefeltinthecities,whoseexistencedependedoncommercialactivity.Boston,NewYork,Philadelphia,andCharlestonwerealloccupiedforatimebyBritishtroops.Evenwhenthetroopshadleft,Britishshipslurkedintheharborsandcontinuedtodisrupttrade.Americanincomefromshipbuildingandcommercedeclinedabruptly,underminingtheentireeconomyoftheurbanareas.ThedeclineintradebroughtafallintheAmericanstandardofliving.Unemployedshipwrights,docklaborers,andcoopersdriftedofftofindworkonfarmsandinsmallvillages.SomeofthemjoinedtheContinentalarmy,oriftheywereloyaltoBritain,theydepartedwiththeBritishforces.ThepopulationoftheNewYorkCitydeclinedfrom21,000in1774tolessthanhalfthatnumberonlynineyearslaterin1783.Thedisruptionsproducedbythefightingofthewar,bythelossofestablishedmarketsformanufacturedgoods,bythelossofsourcesofcredit,andbythelackofnewinvestmentallcreatedaperiodofeconomicstagnationthatlastedforthenexttwentyyears.1.Whydoestheauthormentionthefishingindustryandthetobacoocolonies?A.toshowhowthewarforindependenceaffectedtheeconomyB.tocomparetheeconomicpoweroftwodifferentregionsC.toidentifythetwolargestcommercialenterprisesinAmericaD.togiveexamplesofindustriescontrolledbyBritishforces2.WhydoestheauthormentionthepopulationofNewYorkCityinparagraph2?A.toshowthathalfofNewYorkremainedloyaltoBritainB.tocompareNewYorkwithothercitiesoccupiedduringthewarC.toemphasizethegreatshort-termcostofthewarforNewYorkD.toillustratethepercentageofhomelesspeopleinNewYork3.Chinesepeoplehadfoughtforindependencefromforeigncountriesformorethan100years;wehadlostlands,powers,resourcesandlivesduringthatperiod.Today,Chinafacesanewchallengethathowthedevelopmentcanmaintain,inotherwords,howChinalagbehind.Pleasewriteanessaytoexpressyourideas.答案：1.A2.C2021年托?？荚嚹M試題：閱讀Ifthesalinityofoceanwatersisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation——conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind.Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsoftheoceansoftheworld.l.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)Theelementsofsalt(B)Thebodiesofwateroftheworld(C)Themanyformsofoceanlife(D)Thesalinityofoceanwater2.Theword"this"inline5refersto(A)ocean(B)evaporation(C)salinity(D)crystals3.Accordingtothepassage,theoceangenerallyhasmoresaltin(A)coastalareas(B)tropicalareas(C)rainyareas(D)turbulentareas4.AllofthefollowingareprocessesthatdecreasesalinityEXCEPT(A)evaporation(B)precipitation(C)runoff(D)melting5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesalinityofabodywatercanbestbeinferredfromthepassage?(A)Thetemperatureofthewateristhemostimportantfactor.(B)Thespeedwithwhichwatermovesisdirectlyrelatedtotheamountofsalt.(C)Oceansalinityhaslittleeffectonsealife.(D)Variousfactorscombinetocausevariationsinthesaltcontentofwater.6.Theword"altered"inline16isclosestinmeaningto(A)determined(B)changed(C)accumulated(D)needed7.Theworld"it"inline18refersto(A)seaice(B)salinity(C)seawater(D)manner8.WhydoestheauthormentiontheWeddellSea?(A)Toshowthatthisbodyofwaterhassalinityvariations(B)TocompareAntarcticwaterswithArcticwaters(C)Togiveanexampleofincreasedsalinityduetofreezing(D)Topointoutthelocationofdeepwaters9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaresultoftheformationofoceanice?(A)Thesaltremainsinthewater.(B)Thesurroundingwatersinks.(C)Watersalinitydecreases.(D)Thewaterbecomesdenser.10.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewaternearthebottomofoceans?(A)Itisrelativelywarm.(B)Itssalinityisrelativelyhigh.(C)Itdoesnotmove.(D)Itevaporatesquickly.答案：BCDACAACDD2021年托?？荚嚹M試題HormonesintheBodyUptothebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,thenervoussystemwasthoughttocontrolallcommunicationwithinthebodyandtheresultingintegrationofbehavior.Scientistshaddeterminedthatnervesran,essentially,onelectricalimpulses.Theseimpulseswerethoughttobetheengineforthought,emotion,movement,andinternalprocessessuchasdigestion.However,experimentsbyWilliamBaylissandErnestStarlingonthechemicalsecretin,whichisproducedinthesmallintestinewhenfoodentersthestomach,eventuallychallengedthatview.Fromthesmallintestine,secretintravelsthroughthebloodstreamtothepancreas.There,itstimulatesthereleaseofdigestivechemicals.Inthisfashion,theintestinalcellsthatproducesecretinultimatelyregulatetheproductionofdifferentchemicalsinadifferentorgan,thepancreas.Suchacoordinationofprocesseshadbeenthoughttorequirecontrolbythenervoussystem;BaylissandStarlingshowedthatitcouldoccurthroughchemicalsalone.ThisdiscoveryspurredStarlingtocointhetermhormonetorefertosecretin,takingitfromtheGreekwordhormon,meaning“toexcite”or“tosetinAhormoneisachemicalproducedbyonetissuetomakethingshappenelsewhere.Asmorehormoneswerediscovered,theywerecategorized,primarilyaccordingtotheprocessbywhichtheyoperatedonthebody.Someglands(whichmakeuptheendocrinesystem)secretehormonesdirectlyintothebloodstream.Suchglandsincludethethyroidandthepituitary.Theexocrinesystemconsistsoforgansandglandsthatproducesubstancesthatareusedoutsidethebloodstream,primarilyfordigestion.Thepancreasisonesuchorgan,althoughitsecretessomechemicalsintothebloodandthusisalsopartoftheendocrinesystem.Muchhasbeenlearnedabouthormonessincetheirdiscovery.Someplaysuchkeyrolesinregulatingbodilyprocessesorbehaviorthattheirabsencewouldcauseimmediatedeath.Themostabundanthormoneshaveeffectsthatarelessobviouslyurgentbutcanbemorefar-reachinganddifficulttotrack:Theymodifymoodsandaffecthumanbehavior,evensomebehaviorwenormallythinkofasvoluntary.Hormonalsystemsareveryintricate.Evenminuteamountsoftherightchemicalscansuppressappetite,calmaggression,andchangetheattitudeofaparenttowardachild.Certainhormonesacceleratethedevelopmentofthebody,regulatinggrowthandform;othersmayevendefineanindividual’spersonalitycharacteristics.Thequantitiesandproportionsofhormonesproducedchangewithage,soscientistshavegivenagreatdealofstudytoshiftsintheendocrinesystemovertimeinthehopesofalleviatingailmentsassociatedwithaging.Infact,somehormonetherapiesarealreadyverycommon.Acombinationofestrogenandprogesteronehasbeenprescribedfordecadestowomenwhowanttoreducemoodswings,suddenchangesinbodytemperature,andotherdiscomfortscausedbylowernaturallevelsofthosehormonesastheyentermiddleage.Knownashormonereplacementtherapy(HRT),thetreatmentwasalsobelievedtopreventweakeningofthebones.AtleastonestudyhaslinkedHRTwithaheightenedriskofheartdiseaseandcertaintypesofcancer.HRTmayalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatbloodclots—dangerousbecausetheycouldtravelthroughthebloodstreamandblockmajorbloodvessels—willform.SomeproponentsofHRThavetemperedtheirenthusiasminthefaceofthisnewevidence,recommendingitonlytopatientswhosesymptomsinterferewiththeirabilitiestolivenormallives.Humangrowthhormonemayalsobegiventopatientswhoaresecretingabnormallylowamountsontheirown.Becauseofthecomplicatedeffectsgrowthhormonehasonthebody,suchtreatmentsaregenerallyrestrictedtochildrenwhowouldbepathologicallysmallinstaturewithoutit.Growthhormoneaffectsnotjustphysicalsizebutalsothedigestionoffoodandtheagingprocess.Researchersandfamilyphysicianstendtoagreethatitisfoolhardytodispenseitincasesinwhichtherisksarenotclearlyoutweighedbythebenefits.27.Thewordengineinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto(A)desire(B)origin(C)science(D)chemical28.Theworditinthepassagerefersto(A)secretin(B)smallintestine(C)bloodstream(D)pancreas29.Thewordspurredinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto(A)remembered(B)surprised(C)invented(D)motivated30.Tobeconsideredahormone,achemicalproducedinthebodymust(A)bepartofthedigestiveprocess(B)influencetheoperationsofthenervoussystem(C)affectprocessesinadifferentpartofthebody(D)regulateattitudesandbehavior31.Theglandsandorgansmentionedinparagraph3arecategorizedaccordingto(A)whetherscientistsunderstandtheirfunction(B)howfrequentlytheyreleasehormonesintothebody(C)whetherthehormonestheysecreteinfluencetheagingprocess(D)whethertheysecretechemicalsintothebloodParagraph3ismarkedwithanarrow32.Thewordkeyinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto(A)misunderstood(B)precise(C)significant(D)simple33.Thewordminuteinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto(A)sudden(B)small(C)changing(D)noticeable34.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectanswerchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.(A)Mostmoodsandactionsarenotvoluntarybecausetheyareactuallyproducedbytheproductionofhormonesinthebody.(B)Becausetheeffectsofhormonesaredifficulttomeasure,scientistsremainunsurehowfar-reachingtheireffectsonmoodsandactionsare.(C)Whenthebodyisnotproducingenoughhormones,urgenttreatmentmaybenecessarytoavoidpsychologicaldamage.(D)Theinfluenceofmanyhormonesisnoteasytomeasure,buttheycanaffectbothpsychologyandactionsextensively.35.Thewordtemperedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto(A)decreased(B)advertised(C)prescribed(D)researched36.Whichpatientsareusuallytreatedwithgrowthhormone?(A)Adultsofsmallerstatuethannormal(B)Adultswithstrongdigestivesystems(C)Childrenwhoarenotatriskfromthetreatment(D)Childrenwhomayremainabnormallysmall37.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexplainstheprimarygoalofhormonereplacementtherapy?Thesesentencesarehighlightedinthepassage.(A)Thequantitiesandproportionsofhormonesproducedchangewithage,soscientistshavegivenagreatdealofstudytoshiftsintheendocrinesystemovertimeinthehopesofalleviatingailmentsassociatedwithaging.(B)Acombinationofestrogenandprogesteronehasbeenprescribedfordecadestowomenwhowanttoreducemoodswings,suddenchangesinbodytemperature,andotherdiscomfortscausedbylowernaturallevelsofthosehormonesastheyentermiddleage.(C)HRTmayalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatbloodclots—dangerousbecausetheycouldtravelthroughthebloodstreamandblockmajorbloodform.(D)Becauseofthecomplicatedeffectsgrowthhormonehasonthebody,suchtreatmentsaregenerallyrestrictedtochildrenwhowouldbepathologicallysmallinstaturewithoutit.38.Lookatthefoursquaresthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbea