經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁(yè)眉頁(yè)腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！aasaAaaaa1a.).a,,aaAeaaaa2aaaa’，aaaaaa//,a，a3，，aaa,aaaaaaaa41.Anabstractshouldrepresentasmuchaspossibleofthequantitativeinformationinthedocument,whilethereisnoneedfortheconsiderationofqualitativeinformation.2.Inthewritingofabstract,itisadvisabletorepeatthetitleasitcanremindthereaderofthethesis.3.Anabstractshouldhavethefollowingcentralqualities:brevity,accuracy,specificity,subjectivity,informativenessandindependency.4.Justlikedescription,persuasion,andargumentation,complexsentencesaremoreusedintheabstractwriting.T5.Anindicativeabstractindicatesthesubjectandthemainfindingsofthepaper,butitdoesnotgointoadetailedstep-by-stepaccountoftheprocessinvolved.6.Aninformativeabstractisoftenusedinwritingtheoreticalpapers,commentaryarticles,andinsomecircumstances,conferenceproceedings.T1.Researchpaperauthorsareverymuchconcernedwithpositioning—showingthattheirstudiesarerelevantandsignificantandhavesomenewcontributiontomake.2.Thefirstquestiontoaskinpreparingtowritearesearchpaperis“whattowriteabout”.3.Similartoothertypesofintroduction,researchpaperintroductionsaimedatspecialistsincludetechnicaldetailsandashortreviewofpreviousworkonthetopic.4.Discussionisacriticalpartofyourreportsargumentinresearchpaperwriting,sinceitestablishesthevalidityofyourresultsandallowsthemtobetakenseriously.T5.Anindicativeabstractindicatesthesubjectandthemainfindingsofthepaper,butitdoesnotgointoadetailedstep-by-stepaccountoftheprocessinvolved.6.Intheresultssectionofresearchpapertheauthorpresentssubjectivelyhis/herfindingsinanorderlyandlogicalsequenceusingbothillustrativematerials(tablesandfigures)andtext.T7.InthewritingofResultssectionofresearchpaper,importantnegativeresultsshouldbereported,too.T8.Withanyscientificprocess,thereisnosuchidealastotalproofortotalrejection,andresearchersmust,bynecessity,workuponprobabilities.匹配題一A)Ifpressedforspace,concentrateontheproblemand,especially,yourfindings.B)Writinganabstractistohelpreadersquicklyandaccuratelyidentifythesubstanceofyourworkanddecideitsrelevancetotheirowninterests.C)Thus,yourabstractshoulddescribethemostimportantaspectsofthestudywithintheword-limitprovidedbythejournal.D)Itisnotmerelyadescriptiveguidetothepaper.Abstractsarefoundatthebeginningofjournalarticles,researchpapers,reports,theses,anddissertations.Anabstractisacompletebutconciseandinformativeaccountofyourwork,i.e.,acondensationthatmakessensewithoutreferencetothefulldocument.(1)__D__Abstracthelpthereaderdecidewhethertoreadthepaper,andprovideshimorherwithaframeworkforunderstandingthepaperiftheydecidetoreadit.(2)__C____.Asappropriateforyourresearch,trytoincludeastatementoftheproblem,thepeopleyoustudied,thedependentandindependentvariables,theinstruments,thedesign,majorfindings,andconclusions.(3)___.(4)__B__Youwillneedtowriteanabstractwhenyourdissertationforahigherdegreeisaccepted,whenyousubmitanarticleforpublication,orwhenyourreportwillbedisseminatedtoanaudiencethatneedsasummaryofitscontents.5A)Theterms‘modeling’and‘simulation’areoftenusedinterchangeably.B)Simulationtechnologybelongstothetoolsetofengineersofallapplicationdomainsandhasbeenincludedintothebodyofknowledgeengineeringmanagement.C)Thus,Ifyourmethodisnew,youmustprovideallofthedetailrequired.D)Foranalyticalsimulationexperimentalpapers,computer-basedmodels-design,validity,andactualuseoffinalmodelaretobedescribed.Theusualorderofpresentationofmethodsinresearchpaperischronological,howeverrelatedmethodsmayneedtobedescribedtogetherandstrictchronologicalordercannotalwaysbefollowed.(1)______However,ifamethodhasbeenpreviouslypublishedinastandardjournal,onlythenameofthemethodandaliteraturereferenceneedtobegiven.Infullyexperimentalpapers,thebodyofthepaperdescribesthematerialanddatausedforthestudy,themethodologiesappliedtoanswertheresearchquestions,andtheresultsobtained.Itisveryimportantthatthestudybedescribedinawaythatmakesitpossibleforpeerstorepeatortoreproduceit.Forexperimentalstudies,theuseofmodelingandsimulation(M&S)withinengineeringiswellrecognized.(2)___B___.M&Shasalreadyhelpedtoreducecostsandincreasethequalityofproductsandsystems.M&SapplicationdomainsoftenleadtotheassumptionthatM&Sispureapplication,whichisnotthecaseandneedstoberecognizedbyengineeringmanagementexpertswhowanttouseM&S.(3)__________.Modelingandsimulation(M&S)istheuseofmodels,includingemulators,prototypes,simulators,andstimulators,eitherstaticallyorovertime,todevelopdataasabasisformakingmanagerialortechnicaldecisions.(4)______.Oneneedstobearinmindthatsimulationandexperimentaretobeseparatelypresented.A)Endingyourwritingwithasummaryhelpsyourreadertorememberyourmainpoints.B)Wherethesummaryisnotusedasagenre,itisoftenemployedasamajorsectionofanothergenre.C)Forscientists,businessmen,lawyers,andgovernmentofficialsthisabilityisnotonlyimportant,butalsonecessary.D)Youmaywriteabriefinternalsummaryaftereachmaindiscussionpointinalengthydocument.Summarywritinghaspracticaluses.Theabilitytograspquicklyandaccuratelywhatisread,orheard,andtoreproduceitinaclearandconcisewayisofgreatvaluetopeopleofmanyprofessions.(1)____.Therefore,thesummaryhasbecomeagenrewithdistinctivecharacteristicsinbothacademiaandmanyotherprofessions.(2)__B__.Forexample,formalbusinessreportsoftenbeginwithanexecutivesummary,andscientificarticlesusuallybeginwithanabstract.(3)_D__.Thiswillservetoremindyourreaderofthediscussiontodateandtoestablishthecontextfortheupcomingpoint.Finally,asummaryisaverycommonandeffectivewaytoconcludeadocument.(4)_A___.Suggestedsummary:SarahFoleypointsoutinTheDifficultyofCountingAmericanRegionalDialectsthatthenumberofdialectsdependsontheprincipleofdivision.However,linguistsdifferoverthenumberofstandards,theirreliability,andhowfinelysuchstandardsshouldbe