虛擬語(yǔ)氣第1頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。Definition陳述語(yǔ)氣（theIndicativeMood）用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。虛擬語(yǔ)氣（theSubjunctiveMood）表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。第2頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)1、if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；2、if條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的幾大考點(diǎn)；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；5、虛擬語(yǔ)氣與陳述語(yǔ)氣的判定。第3頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句第4頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。區(qū)別:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved. 陳述語(yǔ)氣

Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣第5頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。IfI

am

free,Iwillvisityou.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.

（虛擬條件句）(真實(shí)條件句）第6頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。If+主

+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形IfIwere

you,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。2.如果我有一百萬(wàn)美元，我會(huì)買下這架飛機(jī)。IfIhadonemilliondollars,I

would

buytheplane.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句第7頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。If+主

+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,he

wouldhavepassed

theexamination.1.如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過(guò)這次考試。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是當(dāng)時(shí)我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句第8頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtell

himaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtell

him.1.如果他明天來(lái)的話,我會(huì)告訴他這件事.2.如果他明天來(lái)的話,我會(huì)告訴他.If+主

+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形第9頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。一、一般條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)間If條件句主句過(guò)去現(xiàn)在

將來(lái)第10頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。一、一般條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)間If條件句主句過(guò)去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be用were實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do用did

wouldshould+dosthcouldmight將來(lái)did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight第11頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。1.Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might2.Iftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrived第12頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。3.Ifhe_________，he___________thatfood.

Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken第13頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。4.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

5.Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_____mefromgoingA.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented第14頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。If虛擬句的注意點(diǎn)第15頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。注意點(diǎn)一條件狀語(yǔ)的倒裝：如果條件狀語(yǔ)從句中有were,had,should時(shí),可以去掉if從句倒裝成：Were/Should/Had

+主+其他WereIyou,

Iwouldtryitagain.

Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.

Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.第16頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。1.Wereit(________)notfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.2.HadI(=____)knownaboutit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.3.Shouldanyone(=________)call,pleasetakeamessage.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?Bobhadwalkedfarther B.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfarther D.ifBobwalkedfartherC考題點(diǎn)擊：(=IfitwereIfIhadIfanyoneshould第17頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。IfonlyIknewmore.(1)表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反”，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.havehadC.Wereit(________)notfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavebe;shouldhaveB.mayexploreB.Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?Wereitnot

C.一、一般條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣beallowedshouldtellIfyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.amessage.1._______theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass2.______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive3.______itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will第18頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。（從句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在，主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去。）第19頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.asked…wouldknowB.hadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…knowD.hadasked…wouldknowDIfyouhadn’tboughttheticketlastweek,howwouldyougonow?考題點(diǎn)擊：虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，常出現(xiàn)從句與主句表示不同時(shí)期的事情，此時(shí)，從句與主句則分別用不同時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。注意點(diǎn)二混合虛擬語(yǔ)氣（錯(cuò)綜條件句）第20頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。常用含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況：規(guī)則1：ifonly意為“要是……就好了”(與wish后面的虛擬語(yǔ)氣類似)規(guī)則2：without/butfor如果沒(méi)有……，……就會(huì)規(guī)則3：otherwise/or否則，不然的話，就會(huì)……。注意點(diǎn)三含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣第21頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。3.without/butfor/構(gòu)成虛擬。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)without/butfor...中

第22頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。１.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.２.Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.3.Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.考題點(diǎn)擊：Iwentbyplane;otherwiseI____muchlongertime.

A.couldtakeB.wouldtakeC.willhavetakenD.wouldhavetakenD第23頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.Nothingcouldlivewithoutthesun.考題點(diǎn)擊：Withoutyourhelp,we____suchrapidprogress.A.couldn’tmakeB.wouldn’tmakeC.willnothavemadeD.wouldn’thavemadeD第24頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。名詞性從句中的虛擬句第25頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句式一：wish后面賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望。其表達(dá)形式一般是將從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞退后一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。例如:1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:

wish+(that)+did(were)

IwishIwere

ashealthyasyou.IwishthatIhad

aplane.2)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反:

wish+(that)+haddoneIwishIhadbeen

totheconcertlastnight.Iwishyouhadwritten

tohim.3)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反

:wish+would/could/might+doIwishhewouldforgive

me.第26頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。句式二：

在某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用should+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。“should”可以省略。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有:一個(gè)堅(jiān)持insist;兩個(gè)命令order,command;三條建議suggest,advise,propose;四項(xiàng)要求demand,request,require,注意：:suggest表暗示表明

時(shí)insist表堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣Heorderedthatthestudents(should)wash

theclotheseveryweekbythemselves.Thedoctorsuggestedthatshe(should)have

anoperationatonce.第27頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。

以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后面的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也應(yīng)以

(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。1.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.3.Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.4.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime2.Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible第28頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)?？碱}點(diǎn)擊：Isitnecessarythathe_____theexamination?

A.takeB.hastotakeC.musttakeD.take2.Itisstrangethathe_____youthis.A.wouldtellB.shouldtellC.hadtoldD.hastold3.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking____inthe

library.A.shouldallowB.beallowedC.willbeallowedD.isallowedDBB第29頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。句式四：wouldrather/prefer＋that-從句(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)(1)表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反”，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(2)表示愿望與“過(guò)去事實(shí)相反”，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，第30頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：未來(lái)：過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.第31頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣基本句型：

1.Itbe+過(guò)去分詞+that…+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+…過(guò)去分詞：suggested,requested,ordered,proposed…Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.

It’ssuggestedthateverybody(should)buyadictionary.2.Itbe+形容詞+that…+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+…形容詞:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising…Itisnecessarythatwe(should)haveawalknow.It'simportantthatwe(should)takegoodcareofthepatient.3.Itbe+名詞（apity/ashame/nowonder）that…

+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+…第32頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.

1)表語(yǔ)從句:2)同位語(yǔ)從句:Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.第33頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。考題點(diǎn)擊：Hissuggestionthatyou_____oncemoresoundsreasonable.

A.try B.tries C.musttryD.cantry2.Hegaveanadvicethatthey____eachother.A.helpedB.musthelpC.helpD.hadhelped3.Mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeople___theretohelpme.A.besentB.havesentC.sentD.shouldsentACA第34頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1、用在由asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的懷疑，用過(guò)去時(shí)；表示過(guò)去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況，用過(guò)去完成時(shí);表示將來(lái)用would+動(dòng)詞原形。（asif/asthough＋從句：從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣與wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣類似）Itseemsasifthemanwerehisbrother.Thisdeviceoperatedasthoughithadbeenrepaired?！咀⒁狻縜sif/asthough連接的從句表示可能的事實(shí)時(shí)，不需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣第35頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. 陳述語(yǔ)氣HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣第36頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。asif/though+Clause現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：將來(lái):did/were(現(xiàn)在)haddone(過(guò)去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.

would+動(dòng)詞原形(將來(lái))第37頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣2.用在lest,forfearthat和incase引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞原形。Sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold.第38頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)?？碱}點(diǎn)擊：1.Wefeltasifwe_____eachotherforyears.A.knewB.wereknowingC.hadknownD.haveknowing2.Hetookawaytheoxygentankforfearthatit______.A.mayexploreB.explodedC.explodeD.hadexplodeCC第39頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。幾種特殊句型中的虛擬第40頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。

1.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了.第41頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。比較ifonly與onlyifonlyif表示“只有”；

Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.ifonly則表示“如果……就好了”。其從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。IfonlyIknewmore.Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.

第42頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。2.It’s(high/low)time從句：

Itis(high)timethat后面的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形，但should不可省略。

Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.

Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)為wouldrather從句：

Iwouldratheryouattendedthemeetingthisafternoon.考題點(diǎn)擊：Itistimethatyou_________thewholebook.A.mustgooverB.cangooverC.wentoverD.havegoneoverC第43頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。3.情境中提供虛擬語(yǔ)氣

Supposetherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.

第44頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。

鞏固練習(xí)

1.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe

,shewouldhavemetmybrother.

A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit

.

A.breaksB.hasbroken

C.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

3.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe

inturn,you____sotired.

A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tget

C.weredriving;wouldn’tget

D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot

4.Without

theairtoholdsomeofthesun’sheat,theearthatnight

,toocoldforustolive.

A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldly

C.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly第45頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。IfonlyIknewmore.+動(dòng)詞完成式（havedone）IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewereHadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewereIdidn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.should+havedonesthsaidC.did/were(現(xiàn)在)Shouldanyone(=________)call,pleasetakehavedecidedD.findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.

5.___itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will

6.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshe__ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe__amedicalexamination.

A.be;shouldhaveB.was;have

C.shouldbe;hadD.was;has

7._____forthefreetickets,Iwouldn’thavegonetothefilmssooften.

A.IfitisnotB.Wereitnot

C.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot

8.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she_____something.

A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid第46頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。9.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left10.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthomeD.ifshehadleft11IfonlyI____

tomyparents’advice!

A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistened

12---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?

---I____

,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.

A.did

B.would

C.had

D.wasgoingto

第47頁(yè)，共50頁(yè)。13.Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer,haditbeenpossible,butI_____sobusythen.

A.hadbeen

B.wereC.was

D.wouldbe14.He’sworkinghardforfearthathe_____.

A.shouldfallbehind

B.fellbehind

C.mayfallbehind

D.wouldfallenbehind15.