高考鏈接–定語(yǔ)從句例題1【2022全國(guó)卷一】24．Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool，_______isnamedafterhisgrandfather．AwhichBwhere Cwhat D.that【解析】A。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：童年時(shí)杰克在一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校里上學(xué)，這個(gè)學(xué)校是以他祖父的名字命名的。先行詞為“avillageschool”，在此非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故用which引導(dǎo)。例題2【2022全國(guó)卷二】16.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_____wassomeoneelse’sfault. A.whoB.thatC.asD.what【解析】B。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為“我拒絕接受由于別人的錯(cuò)誤而引發(fā)的對(duì)我的指責(zé)”本句的先行詞時(shí)something。當(dāng)表示物的不定代詞做先行詞時(shí)，定于從句要用that而不用which。先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以引導(dǎo)詞不能省略。例題3【2022北京卷】27.Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that【解析】B。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。句意為“不活躍的或者飲食中脂肪含量高的兒童很容易增加體重。分析句子成分后可知先行詞為children與diet之間是所屬關(guān)系表示“…的飲食”故用whose引導(dǎo)。例題4【2022福建卷】24.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually. A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose【解析】B?？疾於ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的用法。句意為“許多救援者都在夜以繼日地工作來(lái)支援震后的青海玉樹(shù)”。主句中先行詞“theclock”為抽象的地點(diǎn)名詞，所以選擇表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系副詞where。例題5【2022湖南卷】28.I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_______ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which 【解析】A。考查定語(yǔ)從句。該空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾表示人的先行詞thestudents，且在從句中作met的賓語(yǔ)，故選關(guān)系代詞who?；究蚣?“先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句”（在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語(yǔ)從句）先行詞：被定于從句修飾的名次或代詞叫做先行詞。關(guān)系詞：定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系此起著連接主從句、指代先行詞和在從句中做成分的三重作用。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。（本單元重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,that,which.）二、關(guān)系詞的選擇：先行詞為人:做主語(yǔ)用who和that且不能省略做賓語(yǔ)who、whom和that且可以省略Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledTom.Theteacherwho/whom/that/-wevisitedyesterdayiseasy-going.先行詞為物：做主語(yǔ)which和that且不能省略作賓語(yǔ)which和that且可省略Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.Thenoodleswhich/that/-Icookedyesterdayisdelicious.注意：①介詞后面只能使用:whom（先行詞為人）或which（先行詞為物）②whose+n可以替換為：the+n+ofwhich/whom，或ofwhich/whom+the+n)HehaswrittenabookwhosenameI’veforgotten.=HehaswrittenabookthenameofwhichI’veforgotten.(做題應(yīng)該注意先行詞的缺失情況,從句成分的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)是否為’二缺一’等)三、that和which都可以修飾表示物的先行詞,可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，但是下列情況只能用that.①. 先行詞為不定冠詞all,none，few,little,much,everything,anything,something,nothing等，或被這些詞所修飾的時(shí)候All(that)youhavetodoistopractiseeveryday.Thereisn’tmuch(that)Icando.②. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí).Thefirstlesson(that)Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.③. 先行詞被no，any,every,few,little,very，some等限定詞詞修飾時(shí).Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.④. 先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修飾時(shí).ThisistheverybookthatIwanttoread.這正是我想要讀的那一本書(shū)注意比較下面兩個(gè)句子：ThisisthesamebookthatIwanttoread.(兩本書(shū)是同一本書(shū))ThisisthesamebookasIwanttoread.(和我想讀的書(shū)一樣但不是同一本書(shū))⑤.當(dāng)主句以who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句that引導(dǎo).Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesn’tknowthis?⑥先行詞同時(shí)包含人和物的時(shí)候。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwecouldremember.四、限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：顯著區(qū)別點(diǎn)就是：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句前一般有“逗號(hào)”，這時(shí)只能用which，不能用that！★（限制性的定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間沒(méi)有逗號(hào)，彼此意思是緊密相聯(lián)的，而且相互內(nèi)在關(guān)系是密不可分的，如果省略了，就會(huì)使整個(gè)主句沒(méi)有意義。）Heisthemanwhohasstrongpersonality.他是一個(gè)個(gè)性很強(qiáng)的人.★（相對(duì)比與限制性定語(yǔ)從句，非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間有逗號(hào)連接，而且兩者關(guān)系比較松散，只起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，即使省略了也不影響主句意義的完整。）Mybrother，whoworksabroad，iscomingsoon。注意：①非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞,對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，例如：Mysisterfailedtheexamagain,whichgreatlyupsether.姐姐考試又一次沒(méi)有通通過(guò)，這使她很心煩。(整個(gè)一句話做先行詞,which做關(guān)系詞,后面再接缺少主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句)②關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。五、介詞+關(guān)系詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。比較：ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMrLi.(whom不可省略)Thepersonwhom/that/-youjusttalkedtoisMrLi.(whom可省略)2）that前不能有介詞。PS:inthat=because固定詞組3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when和where互換。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.(做題方法：依據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)判斷！live是不及物動(dòng)詞，需要借助介詞in才能直接接賓語(yǔ)，如果有介詞in，則一定需要用關(guān)系代詞that或which來(lái)充當(dāng)特定的成分；但如果沒(méi)有介詞in，則直接構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不急物動(dòng)詞）”這最簡(jiǎn)單的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)可以使用關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句?！谖鍐卧恼Z(yǔ)法點(diǎn))4）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(√)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(×)六、課外補(bǔ)充：as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，1. as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、或狀語(yǔ)，常與thesame…as;such…as連用。Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.Suchstudentsasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.=Studentssuchasyouhavementionedshouldbecriticized.2.在thesame…后也可用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但意義有所不同：that引出的定語(yǔ)從句，表示其內(nèi)容與主句所講的事物是“同一個(gè)”,指同一事物；而as引出的定語(yǔ)從句是與先行詞相似的同類(lèi)事物。IwanttousethesametoolthatIusedyesterday.(就是昨天用的那個(gè)工具)IwanttousethesametoolasIusedyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)與昨天使用時(shí)類(lèi)似的工具)3.as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情況下已經(jīng)構(gòu)成固定搭配。如：aseverybodycanseeaswasusualascanbeseenasIexpectedasisknowntoall，asyouknowasisexpectedashasbeensaidbeforeasisreportedasisoftensaidAsweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.注意：as和which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的比較：1.放在句首時(shí)不能用which替換,只能用as。Aswehaveseen,oceanscovermorethan70percentoftheearth.2.翻譯成“正如…”，時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞要用as（常與see，hope，expect，know，guess等動(dòng)詞搭配）而which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)與主句有一種因果關(guān)系，可譯為“所以……”。Thecolor,asyouallknow,isdarkred.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.3.as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大多數(shù)必須是連系動(dòng)詞。如果從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞，則必須用which。Hemarriedher,aswasnatural.Sherefusedtotakethemedicine,whichmadehermotherangry.Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedherfromgoingtoShenyang.Heisabsent(缺席),asisoftenthecase.小試牛刀(2022高考題)1．【江蘇卷】32.Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsof_______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork. A.thatB.itC.whatD.which2．【江西卷】31.Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister_______shewouldstayforanhour. A.where B.who C.which D.what3．【山東卷】24.That’sthenewmachine______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what4．【陜西卷】11.Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinastormisnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose5.【上海卷】38.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich6.【四川卷】10．Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotraveling，______turnedouttobeawisedecision．A．thatB．whichC．whenD．where7.【天津卷】8.CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?Youshouldtrythebarber’s_______Igo.It’sonly15. A.asB.whichC.whereD.that8.【浙江卷】3.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof__lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those9.【重慶卷】28.Inchina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld. A.where B.which C.whose D.that答案：1-5DACB6-9BCAC定語(yǔ)從句專(zhuān)題練習(xí)（關(guān)系代詞篇）1.Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan(孤兒).A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which2._________,thecompasswasfirstinChina.A. ItisknowntoallB.ItisknownthatC.WeallknowD.Asisknowntoall3.Thedoorinourgarden,______myfatherbuiltmanyyearsagohaslastedforalongtime.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where4.There’sstillmuch______canbeimprovedaboutit.A.whichB.thatC./D.what5. Mr.Johnson’sson,______livesinChicago,isadoctor.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which6.Thisisthewatch_________.A.whathewaslookingforB.forthathewaslookingC.whichhewaslookingforD.forwhichhewaslooking7. _______ismentionedabove，thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB、AsC、ThatD.It8. Hehasmadeawonderfuldiscovery,_______ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichdoIthinkisC.IthinkwhichD.whichIthinkitisis9. I’llrememberthetime_____wespenttogetherinthecountry.A.thatB.whenC.duringwhichD.atwhich10. Nextwinter_____you’llspendinHarbin,I’msure,willbeanotherexcitingholiday.A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.where11.Idon’tbelievethereason______hehasgivenforhisbeinglate.A.whyB.thatC.howD.what12.Idon’tbelievethereason______heissolate.A.whyB.thatC.howD.what13. Thereweretwosmallroomsinthehouse,______servedasakitchen.A.thesmallerofwhichB.thesmallofwhichC.thesmallerofthemD.thesmallerone14. Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding_______standsnearthepostoffice.A./B.inwhichC.thatD.where15. Alicehasalargecollectionofphotos,______wastakeninLondon.A.noneofthemB.nooneofwhichC.allofwhichD.noneofwhich16.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.which B.that C./ D.it17.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.which B.whom C.that D.who18. Ifellmostangryabouttheway______I’vebeentreated.A./B.thatC.whereD.how19. HewasrudetotheCustomsofficer,_____ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which20. Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what21. RecentlyIboughtanancientChineseVase,_____wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthat B.when C.where D.there23. Isthereanythingelse______yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what24. Thelastplace_______wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it25. Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks______interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.when26. Therailwaytunnel,through_____thetraingoeswillbecompletedsoon.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom27. Thereisnodictionary_______youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat28. Thereisn’tsomuchnoiseinthecountry_______inbigcities.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.as29. Theycouldonlyreadsuchstories______hadbeenrewritteninsimpleEnglish.A.thatB.whichC.asDwhat30.Thereisonlyonestudentintheschool______Iwantedtosee.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom31. Crusoe’sdogbecameillanddied,_______madehimverylonely.A.asB.whichC.thatD.this32. _______weknownow,batscomesoutonlyatnight.A.AsB、WhichC、ThatD.What33. Johngotbeateninthegame,______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.whohasbeensaidabove，grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB、WhatC、ThatD.As35.Ihaveboughttwoballpens(圓珠筆),______writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem36.Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,________aregirls.A.ofwhomtwo-thirdsB.two-thirdofthemC.two-thirdinthemD.two-thirdsinwhich37.Doyouknowtheman_________?A、whomIspokeB、towhoIspokeC、IspoketoD、thatIspoke38.Thisisoneofthebestfilms________thisyear.A.havebeenshownB.thathavebeenshownC.thathasbeenshownD.whichhasbeenshown39.Thisistheonlyoneofthebestfilms________thisyear.A.havebeenshownB.thathavebeenshownC.thathasbeenshownD.whichhasbeenshown40.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere41.I’llt