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不景氣slump〔衰退recession〕二板市場thesecondboardmarket中國創(chuàng)業(yè)板ChinaGrowthEnterpriseMarket首次上市IPOs(initialpublicoffering)市場資本總額marketcapitalization法人股institutionalshares內(nèi)部股(非上市招股〕privatecompanyshares牛市bullmarket法律風(fēng)險legalrisk風(fēng)險管理riskmanagement堅持嚴(yán)格的貸款標(biāo)準(zhǔn)maintainstrongunderwritingstandards六大風(fēng)險risksin6keyareas(U.S.FederalReservecriterion)信用風(fēng)險creditrisk供給學(xué)派supply-sideeconomist第一產(chǎn)業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))agriculture(primaryindustry)第二產(chǎn)業(yè)(工業(yè)〕manufacturingindustry(secondaryindustry)第三產(chǎn)業(yè)〔效勞業(yè)〕serviceindustry(tertiaryindustry〕主要經(jīng)濟指標(biāo)majoreconomicindicators國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值GDPgrossdomesticproduct(商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和,不包括海外收入支出)國民生產(chǎn)總值GNPgrossnationalproduct(商品和勞務(wù)幣值總和,包括海外收入支出)人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值GDPpercapita宏觀經(jīng)濟macroeconomy互助基金mutualfund擴大內(nèi)需expanddomesticdemand改善居民心理預(yù)期inspirethegeneralpublic'sconfidenceinthefutureneeds鼓勵增加即期消費encouragemoreimmediateconsumption長期國債long-termtreasurybonds支付國債利息toservicetreasurybonds財政赤字和債務(wù)deficitsandthenationaldebt按原口徑計算calculateonthebaseline按不變價格計算calculateatconstantprice按可比價格計算calculateatcomparableprice列入財政預(yù)算支出listedinthefiscalbudget結(jié)售匯制度thesystemofexchange,settlementandsales經(jīng)常工程順差favorablebalanceofcurrentaccount,surplusofcurrentaccount開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù)engageinRenminbi(RMB)business出口退稅制度thesystemofrefundingtaxesonexportedgoods保證金臺帳制度Depositaccountsystemforprocessingtrade分期付款paybyinstallment保值儲蓄inflat(yī)ion-proofbanksavings抵押貸款collat(yī)eralisedloans住房抵押貸款residentialmortgageloan貨幣主義者monetarist方案經(jīng)濟plannedeconomy指令性方案mandatoryplan技術(shù)密集型technologyintensive大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)massproduction經(jīng)濟林cashtree跟蹤審計follow-upauditing流動性風(fēng)險liquidityrisk操作風(fēng)險operationalrisk內(nèi)部審計internalaudit拋售bearsales配套政策supportingpolicies中國人民銀行〔中央銀行〕ThePeople’sBankofChina〔centralbank)四大國有商業(yè)銀行4majorstat(yī)e-ownedcommercialbanks中國銀行Bankofchina中國工商銀行IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina(〕and中國建立銀行ConstructionBankofChina中國農(nóng)業(yè)銀行AgriculturalBankofChina招商銀行ChinaMerchantsBank疲軟股票softstock配股allotmentofshares實際增長率growthrateinrealterms年均增長率averagegrowthrateperannum投資回報率rat(yī)eofreturnoninvestment外貿(mào)進出口總額totalforeigntradevalue實際利用外資incomingoverseascapital(investment)inplace消費價格指數(shù)consumerpriceindex〔CPI)零售價格指數(shù)retailpriceindex〔RPI〕生活費用價格總指數(shù)totalpriceindexoflivingcost生活費用incomeavailableforlivingexpenses扣除物價因素inrealterms/oninflation-adjustedbasis居民儲蓄存款residents’banksavingsdeposit恩格爾系數(shù)(食品開支占總支出的比例〕Engelcoefficient基尼系數(shù)(衡量地區(qū)差異)Ginicoefficient購置力平價法purchasingpowerparity(PPP〕(衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個國家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟水平、收入水平的一種計算法,用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國內(nèi)購置力〕片面追求開展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth泡沫經(jīng)濟bubbleeconomy經(jīng)濟過熱overheatingofeconom通貨膨脹inflation實體經(jīng)濟therealeconomy經(jīng)濟規(guī)律lawsofeconomics市場調(diào)節(jié)marketregulat(yī)ion優(yōu)化資源配置optimizeallocationofresources規(guī)模經(jīng)營優(yōu)勢advantageofeconomiesofscale勞動密集型laborintensive市場風(fēng)險marketrisk收緊銀根tightenupmonetarypolicy適度從緊的財政政策moderatelytightfiscalpolicy信用緊縮creditcrunch加強國有商業(yè)銀行內(nèi)部資金調(diào)度Instatecommercialbanks,internalcapitalallocationshouldbeimproved.合理劃分貸款審批權(quán)限Limitsofauthorityforexaminingandapprovingloansshouldberationallydefined.保證有市場、有效益、守信用企業(yè)的流動資金貸款ensurefloatingcapitalloansforwell-performingandtrustworthyenterpriseswhichturnouttherightproductsfortherightmarkets啟動民間投資attractinvestmentfromtheprivatesector適銷對路的產(chǎn)品therightproducts/readilymarketableproducts國有企業(yè)stat(yī)e-ownedenterprises(SOEs)集體企業(yè)collectively-owned〔partnership)enterprises私營企業(yè)privat(yī)ebusinesses民營企業(yè)privately-runbusinesses中小企業(yè)small-and-medium-sizedenterprises三資企業(yè)(中外合資、中外合作、外商獨資〕overseas-investedenterprises;foreign-investedenterprises(Chinese-overseasequityjointventures,Chinese-overseascontractualjointventures,whollyforeign-ownedenterprises〕存款保證金guarantymoneyfordeposits貨幣回籠withdrawalofcurrencyfromcirculat(yī)ion吸收游資absorbidlefund經(jīng)常性貸款commerciallending經(jīng)常性支出operat(yī)ingexpenses再貸款re-lending;subloan支持國有大型企業(yè)和高新技術(shù)企業(yè)上市融資supportlargestat(yī)e-ownedenterprisesandhighandinnovativetechnologycompaniesintheireffortstoseekfinancingbylistingonthestockmarket改制上市Anenterpriseisre-organizedaccordingtomoderncorporat(yī)esystemsothat(yī)itwillgetlistedonthestockmarket.進一步標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和開展證券市場furtherstandardizeanddevelopthesecuritiesmarket增加直接融資比重increasetheproportionofdirectfinancing完善股票發(fā)行上市制度improvethesystemforIPOandlistingonstockmarkets中國證監(jiān)會ChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission(CSRC)深圳證券交易所市ShenzhenStockExchange上海證券交易所ShanghaiStockExchange綜合指數(shù)compositeindex納斯達(dá)克〔高技術(shù)企業(yè)板〕NASDAQ〔NationalAssociationofSecuritiesDealersAutomat(yī)edQuotat(yī)ion主板市場themainboard通貨緊縮deflation中國現(xiàn)代化建立分三步走的戰(zhàn)略thethree-stepdevelopmentstrategyofChina’smodernizationdrive第一步,到1990年國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番StepOne:GDPof1990doublesthatof1980.第二步,到2000年人均國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻兩番,人民生活到達(dá)小康水平StepTwo:GDPof2000quadruplesthat(yī)of1980;peopleliveafairlycomfortablelife.第三步,到21世紀(jì)中期建國100周年時,到達(dá)中等興旺國家水平StepThree:Bytheyear2049,the100thanniversaryoftheP.R.C.,China’slevelofdevelopmentisexpectedtobeonparwiththemid-rankingdevelopedcountries與世界經(jīng)濟的聯(lián)系將更加嚴(yán)密bemorecloselylinkedtotheworldeconomy中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實的購置力ThehugemarketpotentialthatChinaenjoyswillbeturnedintotangiblepurchasingpower.適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟需要的法律法規(guī)體系還不夠健全Theregulat(yī)oryandlegalsystemisnotwellestablishedastoadapttothedemandofmarketeconomy.經(jīng)濟管理體制可能會出現(xiàn)一些不適應(yīng)Theeconomicmanagementsystemmaynotbereadilyadaptedtothechanges.一些行業(yè)和企業(yè)可能會受到?jīng)_擊Somesectorsofeconomyandsomebusinessesmaybeadverselyaffected.立足中國國情,發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢proceedfromnationalconditionsinChinaandbringouradvantagesintoplay揚長避短,趨利避害,迎接經(jīng)濟全球化的挑戰(zhàn)fosterstrengthsandcircumventweaknessesandrisetothechallengeofeconomicglobalizat(yī)ion瓶頸制約bottleneckconstraints放權(quán)讓利decentralizationandinterestconcessions(inlat(yī)e1980sandearly1990s)深化改革intensifyreform;deepenone’scommitmenttoreform配套改革supporting〔concomitant)reforms配套資金counterpartfunds;localfundingof提高經(jīng)濟效益improveeconomicperformance;increaseeconomicreturns講求社會效益valuecontributiontosociety;payat(yī)tentiontosocialeffect加速國民經(jīng)濟信息化developinformation-basedeconomyaccelerat(yī)eITapplicationineconomy拉動經(jīng)濟增長fueleconomicgrowth利改稅substitutionoftaxpaymentforprofitdelivery費改稅transformadministrativefeesintotaxes債轉(zhuǎn)股debt-to-equityswap頭寸寬裕(頭寸緊缺〕inaneasyposition(tightposition)朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)sunriseindustry招標(biāo)投標(biāo)制thesystemofpublicbiddingforproject充分發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用givefullplaytotheroleofmonetarypolicy實施積極的財政政策followapro-activefiscalpolicy向銀行增發(fā)國債,擴大投資Thegovernmentissuedadditionaltreasurybondstobankstoincreaseinvestment.再注資recapitalization放松銀根toeasemonetarypolicy信息經(jīng)濟ITeconomy外向型經(jīng)濟export-orientedeconomy信息時代informationage全球化globalization〔全球性globality〕信譽風(fēng)險reputationalrisk風(fēng)險評級riskrating到期不還貸defaultonaloan資不抵債insolvency;beinsolvent亞洲金融危機Asianfinancialcrisis(1997-98)投資〔貸款)組合investment(loan)portfolio外匯儲藏充足sufficientforeignexchangereserves中國金融業(yè)問題problemswithfinancialsectorinChina儲蓄比例過高theexcessivelylargeproportionofsavingsinthemoneysupply國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負(fù)債率過高h(yuǎn)ighleverageratioofthestat(yī)e-ownedenterprises,國有獨資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過高h(yuǎn)ighratioofnon-performingloansofthestatecommercialbanks少數(shù)中小存款金融機構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù)insolvencyofahandfulofsmallandmedium-sizedfinancialinstitutions不良貸款non-performingloans防范和化解金融風(fēng)險addressfinancialrisks提高企業(yè)借貸和行使民事責(zé)任的能力improveenterprises’creditworthinessandabilitytofulfiltheircivilliabilities監(jiān)事會supervisoryboard實行慎重會計制度adoptprudentialaccountingstandards五級分類法劃分貸款質(zhì)量thefive-categoryassetclassificationapproach金融資產(chǎn)管理公司financialassetmanagementcompanies別離和收回不良資產(chǎn)substantiallyreducetherat(yī)ioofnon-performingassets分業(yè)管理、規(guī)模經(jīng)營businesssegregation,economyofscale標(biāo)準(zhǔn)金融機構(gòu)市場退出制度improvethemarketexitmechanismforfinancialinstitutions政策性銀行stat(yī)epolicy-relatedbank國家開展銀行StateDevelopmentBank知識經(jīng)濟knowledge-basedeconomy網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟Internet-basednetworkedeconomy指導(dǎo)性方案guidanceplan社會主義市場經(jīng)濟〔中國〕socialistmarketeconomy社會市場經(jīng)濟(德國)socialmarketeconomy新經(jīng)濟(美國)neweconomy中國光大銀行EverbrightBankofChina中國民聲銀行ChinaMinshengBankingCorporationLtd.中信實業(yè)銀行CITICIndustrialBank中國進出口銀行ChinaEXIMBank匯豐銀行HongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation(HKSBC)金融監(jiān)管financialsupervision中國人民銀行法LawofthePeople’sBankofChina商業(yè)銀行法LawofCommercialBanks保險法LawofInsurance證券法LawofSecurities巴塞爾原那么BaselCorePrinciples監(jiān)管對象的行為有問題、管理機制不健全problemsofsupervisedentities’behaviorandtheunsoundinternalgovernancemechanism風(fēng)險意識consciousnessofriskprevention事前監(jiān)管proactiveregulationandsupervisionaccountnumber帳目編號depositor存戶pay-inslip存款單adepositform存款單abandingmachine自動存取機todeposit存款depositreceipt存款收據(jù)privatedeposits私人存款certificateofdeposit存單depositbook,passbook存折creditcard信用卡principal本金overdraft,overdraw透支tocountersign雙簽toendorse背書endorser背書人tocash兌現(xiàn)tohonoracheck兌付todishonoracheck拒付tosuspendpayment止付check支票checkbook支票本ordercheck記名支票bearercheck不記名支票crossedcheck橫線支票blankcheck空白支票rubbercheck空頭支票checkstub,counterfoil票根cashcheck現(xiàn)金支票traveler'scheck旅行支票checkfortransfer轉(zhuǎn)帳支票outstandingcheck未付支票canceledcheck已付支票forgedcheck偽支票Bandar'snote莊票,銀票banker銀行家president行長savingsbank儲蓄銀行ChaseBank大通銀行NationalCityBankofNewYork花旗銀行HongkongShanghaiBankingCorporation匯豐銀行CharteredBankofIndia,AustraliaandChina麥加利銀行BanquedeI'IndoChine東方匯理銀行centralbank,nationalbank,banker'sbank中央銀行bankofissue,bankofcirculation發(fā)行幣銀行commercialbank商業(yè)銀行,儲蓄信貸銀行memberbank,creditbank儲蓄信貸銀行discountbank貼現(xiàn)銀行exchangebank匯兌銀行requestingbank委托開證銀行issuingbank,openingbank開證銀行advisingbank,notifyingbank通知銀行negotiat(yī)ionbank議付銀行confirmingbank保兌銀行payingbank付款銀行associatebankerofcollection代收銀行consignedbankerofcollection委托銀行clearingbank清算銀行l(wèi)ocalbank本地銀行domesticbank國內(nèi)銀行overseasbank國外銀行unincorporatedbank錢莊branchbank銀行分行trusteesavingsbank信托儲蓄銀行trustcompany信托公司financialtrust金融信托公司unittrust信托投資公司trustinstitution銀行的信托部creditdepartment銀行的信用部commercialcreditcompany〔discountcompany)商業(yè)信貸公司〔貼現(xiàn)公司〕neighborhoodsavingsbank,bankofdeposit街道儲蓄所creditunion合作銀行creditbureau商業(yè)興信所self-servicebank無人銀行l(wèi)andbank土地銀行constructionbank建立銀行industrialandcommercialbank工商銀行bankofcommunications交通銀行mutualsavingsbank互助儲蓄銀行postofficesavingsbank郵局儲蓄銀行mortgagebank,buildingsociety抵押銀行industrialbank實業(yè)銀行homeloanbank家宅貸款銀行reservebank準(zhǔn)備銀行charteredbank特許銀行correspondingbank往來銀行merchantbank,acceptingbank承兌銀行investmentbank投資銀行importandexportbank(EXIMBANK〕進出口銀行jointventurebank合資銀行moneyshop,nativebank錢莊creditcooperatives信用社clearinghouse票據(jù)交換所publicaccounting公共會計businessaccounting商業(yè)會計costaccounting本錢會計depreciat(yī)ionaccounting折舊會計computerizedaccounting電腦化會計generalledger總帳subsidiaryledger分戶帳cashbook現(xiàn)金出納帳cashaccount現(xiàn)金帳journal,day-book日記帳,流水帳baddebts壞帳investment投資surplus結(jié)余idlecapital游資economiccycle經(jīng)濟周期economicboom經(jīng)濟繁榮economicrecession經(jīng)濟衰退economicdepression經(jīng)濟蕭條economiccrisis經(jīng)濟危機economicrecovery經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇inflation通貨膨脹deflation通貨收縮devaluation貨幣貶值revaluation貨幣增值internationalbalanceofpayment國際收支favorablebalance順差adversebalance逆差hardcurrency硬通貨softcurrency軟通貨internationalmonetarysystem國際貨幣制度thepurchasingpowerofmoney貨幣購置力moneyincirculation貨幣流通量noteissue紙幣發(fā)行量nationalbudget國家預(yù)算nat(yī)ionalgrossproduct國民生產(chǎn)總值publicbond公債stock,share股票debenture債券treasurybill國庫券debtchain債務(wù)鏈directexchange直接〔對角〕套匯indirectexchange間接(三角)套匯crossrate,arbitragerate套匯匯率foreigncurrency(exchange)reserve外匯儲藏foreignexchangefluctuation外匯波動foreignexchangecrisis外匯危機discount貼現(xiàn)discountrate,bankrate貼現(xiàn)率goldreserve黃金儲藏money(financial)market金融市場stockexchange股票交易所broker經(jīng)紀(jì)人commission傭金bookkeeping簿記bookkeeper簿記員anapplicationform申請單bankstatement對帳單letterofcredit信用證strongroom,vault保險庫equitabletaxsystem等價稅那么specimensignature簽字式樣bankinghours,businesshours營業(yè)時間share,equity,stock股票、股權(quán)negotiableshare可流通股份treasury/governmentbond國庫券/政府債券closed-endsecuritiesinvestmentfund封閉式證券投資基
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