2021年考研《英語二》模擬試題及答案（卷一）AmyHighisdeckedoutinthetraditionalpinkdressandgoldenstoleofancientRome.Sheburstsintoathird-gradeclassroomandgreetsher，”(Hello，everyone!)Thekidsrespondin，andsoontheyarestudyingderivatives.Howmanypeopleareina”Highasks.Allthekidsknowthe，andwhensheaskshowthey，aboyBecauseduois'two'in”High，“Plaudite!”andthe14kidseruptinapplause.TheylearntheLatinrootlater，or，andconstructsuchEnglishwordsasbilateralandquadrilateral.Latin'sgoingtoopenupsomanydoorsforyou，”Highsays.“You'regoingtobeabletofigureoutthemeaningofwordsyou'veneverseenbefore.”HighteachesatProvidenceElementarySchoolinFairfaxCity，Va.，whichhasalotridingonthesuccessofherefforts.AspartofVirginia'shigh-stakestesting，schoolsthatdon'tboosttheirscoresbytheyear2007couldlosestatefunding.SoFairfaxCity，just18milessouthwestoftheWhiteHouse，hasupgradeditstwocrumblingelementaryschoolswithnewhigh-techtelevisionstudios，computerlabsandoneveryoldfeature——mandatoryLatin.Hereliesoneofthemorecounterintuitivedevelopmentsofthestandardized-testing：Thoughsomecriticscomplainthatteachersareforcedtodumbdowntheirlessonsand“teachtothesomeschoolsareofferingmorechallengingcourseworkasawayofengagingstudents.Inthepastthree，scoresofelementaryschoolsinhigh-stakestestingstatessuchas，VirginiaandMassachusettshaveaddedLatinprograms.SaysAllenGriffith，amemberoftheFairfaxCityschoolboard：“Ifwe'retryingtoimproveEnglishskills，teachingLatinisanawfullyeffective，provedmethod.”Thisisnotyourfather'sLatin，whichwastaughttoelitecollege-boundhighschoolersanddrilledintothemthroughmemorization.ItstediumandperceivedirrelevancealmostdroveLatinfrompublicschools.Today'sgrowthinelementaryschoolLatinhasbeenspurredbynew，interactiveoral，enlivenedbylessonsinRomanmythologyandculture.“Onethingthatmakesitengagingforkidsisthegoofyfunofinvestigatingtheseguysintogas，”saysMarion，authorofFirstLatin：ALanguageDiscovery，thetextbookusedinFairfaxCity.Latinenthusiastsbelievethatifyoungstudentslearnwordroots，theywillbeabletodecipherunfamiliarwords.(Bysomeestimates，65%ofallEnglishwordshaveLatinroots.)Latinisanalmostpurelyphoneticlanguage.Therearenosilentletters，andeachletterrepresentsasinglesound.Thatmakesitusefulinteachingreading.AndoncekidsmasterthegrammaticalstructureofLatin——whichissimple，logicalandconsistent——theywillmoreeasilygraspthemanygrammaticalexceptionsinEnglish.1.FromthefirstParagraphwelearnthat_____.[A]thestudentsshowlittleinterestinlearningLatin[B]thestudentssayhellototheirteacherinLatin[C]AmyHighteachesthestudentstoreadBibleinLatin[D]learningEnglishisunnecessaryifyouhaveperfectlymasteredLatin2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothetext?[A]Thetestingprogramiscrucialtotheschools.[B]LatiniscompulsorytotheelementaryschoolsstudentsinFairfaxCity.[C]ProvidenceElementarySchoolwillnotgetstatefundingthisyear.[D]FairfaxCitygovernmenthaddonealottoequipitselementaryschools.3.AccordingtoAllen，Latin_______.[A]haslittletodowithEnglish[B]isveryhelpfulto‘slearningEnglish[C]willreplaceEnglishinthenearfuture[D]shouldbetaughttokidsevenwhentheyareinelementaryschool4.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“”?_______.[A]Great.[B]Sorry.[C]Classisover.[D]Sad.5.OnereasonforLatinenthusiaststosupportyoungstudents‘learningLatinis_______.[A]LatinhasalongerhistorythanEnglish[B]Latinhaslesswordroots[C]everyletterinEnglishwordrepresentasinglesound[D]itiseasiertograspLatingrammar參考答案:BCBADAsGilbert，Darwin，andothersobservedlongago，allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationmakesthistaskmore：somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyear;othersexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcity;stillothersvarywildly，withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather，andinothercasesnot.Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns，oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshavedensity-dependentgrowthparameters;thatis，ratesofbirth，，andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshavedensity-independentgrowthparameters，withvitalratesbuffetedbyenvironmentalevents;theseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.Thisdichotomyhasitsuses，butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronething，nopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth，，andmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages，iftherewerenodensity-dependent，thepopulationwould，inthelongrun，eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceled。Putanother，itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independent，andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant，andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet，whetherrecognizedornot，theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist''sinvestigation，wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthesignalecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret，onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhigh，whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproducenoiseinthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant，orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles，thesignalcanbefairlyeasilycharacterizedanditseffectsdescribed，eventhoughthecausativebiologicalmechanismmayremainunknown.Forirregularlyfluctuatingpopulations，wearelikelytohavetoofewobservationstohaveanyhopeofextractingthesignalfromtheoverwhelmingnoise.Butitnowseemsclearthatallpopulationsareregulatedbyamixtureofdensity-dependentanddensity-independenteffectsinvaryingproportions.1.Theauthorofthetextisprimarilyconcernedwith[A]discussingtwocategoriesoffactorsthatcontrolpopulationgrowthandassessingtheirrelativeimportance.[B]describinghowgrowthratesinnaturalpopulationsfluctuateovertimeandexplainingwhythesechangesoccur.[C]proposingahypothesisconcerningpopulationsizeandsuggestingwaystotestit.[D]posingafundamentalquestionaboutenvironmentalfactorsinpopulationgrowthandpresentingsomecurrentlyacceptedanswer.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorconsidersthedichotomydiscussedtobe[A]applicableonlytoerraticallyfluctuatingpopulations.[B]，butonlyifitslimitationsarerecognized.[C]dangerouslymisleadinginmostcircumstances.[D]acompleteandsufficientwaytoaccountforobservedphenomena.3.Accordingtothetext，allofthefollowingbehaviorshavebeenexhibitedbydifferentpopulationsEXCEPT[A]roughlyconstantpopulationlevelsfromyeartoyear.[B]regularcyclesofincreasesanddecreasesinnumbers.[C]erraticincreasesinnumberscorrelatedwiththeweather.[D]uncheckedincreasesinnumbersovermanygenerations.4.Thediscussionconcerningpopulationinthethirdparagraphservesprimarilyto[A]demonstratethedifficultiesecologistsfaceinstudyingdensity-dependentfactorslimitingpopulationgrowth.[B]advocatemorerigorousstudyofdensity-dependentfactorsinpopulationgrowth.[C]provethatthedeathratesofanypopulationareneverentirelydensity-independent.[D]underlinetheimportanceofevensmalldensity-dependentfactorsinregulatinglong-termpopulationdensities.5.Inthe，theauthordoesallofthefollowingEXCEPT[A]citetheviewsofotherbiologists.[B]defineabasicproblemthatthetextaddresses.[C]presentconceptualcategoriesusedbyotherbiologists.[D]describetheresultsofaparticularstudy.【答案】ABDDDReadingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmostunknowntothescholarsoftheclassicaland1worlds,whileduringthefifteenthcenturytheterm“”2meantreadingaloud.Onlyduringthenineteenthcenturydidsilentreadingbecomecommonplace.Oneshouldbewary,however,of3thatsilentreadingcameaboutsimplybecausereadingaloudisa(n)4toothers.Examinationoffactorsrelatedtothe5developmentofsilentreadingrevealsthatitbecametheusualmodeofreadingformostadultreadingtasksmainlybecausethetasksthemselveschangedin6.Thelastcenturysawasteadygradualincreasein7,andthusinthenumberofreaders.Asreadersincreased,thenumberofpotentiallisteners8,andthustherewassome9intheneedtoreadaloud.Asreadingforthebenefitoflistenersgrewlesscommon,socametheflourishingofreadingasa10activityinsuchpublicplacesaslibraries,railwaycarriagesandoffices,wherereadingaloudwould11distractiontootherreaders.Towardstheendofthecenturytherewasstill12argumentoverwhetherbooksshouldbeusedforinformationortreated13,andoverwhetherthereadingofmaterialsuchasnewspaperswasinsomeway14weakening.Indeedthisargumentremainswithusstillineducation.15,itsvirtues,theoldsharedliteracyculturehadgoneandwas16bytheprintedmassmediaontheonehandandbybooksandperiodicalsfora17readershipontheother.Bytheendofthecenturystudentswerebeingrecommendedtoadoptattitudestobooksandtouseskillsinreadingthemwhichwereinappropriate,18notimpossible,fortheoralreader.Thesocial,cultural,andtechnologicalchangesinthecenturyhadgreatly19whattheterm“”20.1.[A]contemporary[B]modern[C]medieval[D]western2.[A]undoubtedly[B]really[C]absolutely[D]accordingly3.[A]imagining[B]consuming[C]resuming[D]assuming4.[A]interruption[B]distraction[C]bother[D]pressure5.[A]historical[B]historic[C]history[D]historian6.[A]quality[B]character[C]personality[D]distinctiveness7.[A]literate[B]illiterate[C]literacy[D]literature8.[A]receded[B]declined[C]increased[D]expanded9.[A]limitation[B]necessity[C]reduction[D]shrink10.[A]private[B]overt[C]public[D]secret11.[A]cause[B]effect[C]produce[D]realize12.[A]considerable[B]considerate[C]moderate[D]immoderate13.[A]respectively[B]honorably[C]respectfully[D]relatively14.[A]largely[B]intelligently[C]mentally[D]physically15.[A]However[B]Whatever[C]Whichever[D]Wherever16.[A]replaced[B]taken[C]followed[D]distinguished17.[A]specific[B]special[C]specified[D]specialized18.[A]and[B]if[C]but[D]or19.[A]translated[B]differed[C]shifted[D]altered20.[A]inferred[B]advised[C]induced[D]implied參考答案：1-10CADBABCBCA11-20AACCBADBDDThemassmediaisabigpartofourcultureyetitcanalsobea，adviserandteachertoouryounggeneration.Themassmediaaffectsthelivesofouryoungbyactingasa(an)__1__foranumberofinstitutionsandsocialcontacts.Inthisway，it__2__avarietyoffunctionsinhumanlife.Thetimespentinfrontofthetelevisionscreenisusuallyatthe__3__ofleisure：thereislesstimefor，amusementandrest.__4__bywhatishappeningonthescreenchildrennotonlyimitatewhattheyseebutdirectly__5__themselveswithdifferentcharacters.Americanshavebeenconcernedaboutthe__6__ofviolenceinthemediaandits__7__harmtochildrenandadolescentsforatleastfortyyears.Duringthisnewmediasuchasvideocabletelevision，musicvideos，andtheInternet.Astheycontinuetogainpopularity，these，__9__television，__10__publicconcernandresearchattention.Anotherlargesocietalconcernonouryounggeneration__11__bythemedia，isbodyimage.__12__forcescaninfluencebodyimagepositivelyornegatively.__13__onesocietalandculturalnormsandmassmediamarketing__14__ourconceptsofbeauty.Inthemassmedia，theimagesof__15__beautyfillmagazinesandnewspapers__16__fromourtelevisionsandentertainus__17__themovies.Eveninadvertising，themassmedia__18__onacceptedculturalvaluesofthinnessandfitnessforcommercialgain.Youngadultsarepresentedwitha__19__definedstandardof，a(n)__20__thatcarriesunrealisticphysicalexpectations.1.[A]alternative[B]preference[C]substitute[D]representative2.[A]accomplishes[B]fulfills[C]provides[D]suffices3.[A]risk[B]mercy[C]height[D]expense4.[A]Absorbed[B]Attracted[C]Aroused[D]Addicted5.[A]identify[B]recognize[C]unify[D]equate6.[A]abundance[B]incidence[C]prevalence[D]reccurrence7.[A]disposed[B]hidden[C]implicit[D]potential8.[A]merged[B]emerged[C]immerged[D]submerged9.[A]apartfrom[B]muchas[C]butfor[D]alongwith10.[A]promote[B]propel[C]prompt[D]prosper11.[A]inspired[B]imposed[C]delivered[D]contributed12.[A]External[B]Exterior[C]Explicit[D]Exposed13.[A]As[B]At[C]For[D]In14.[A]mark[B]effect[C]impact[D]shock15.[A]generalized[B]regularized[C]standardized[D]categorized16.[A]boom[B]bottom[C]brim[D]beam17.[A]over[B]with[C]on[D]at18.[A]play[B]take[C]profit[D]resort19.[A]barely[B]carefully[C]narrowly[D]subjectively20.[A]ideal[B]image[C]stereotype[D]criterion答案1.C2.B3.D4.B5.A6.C7.D8.B9.D10.C11.B12.A13.C14.C15.C16.A17.D18.A19.C20.AThe“testoptional”movementhaswonitsmosthigh-profileconvertintheUniversityof，whichannouncedlastmonththatapplicantstotheschoolwouldnolongerneedtosubmitACTorSATscores.TheUniversityofChicagohasbecomeknowninrecentyearsforitscommitmenttoacademicrigorandresistancetoindulgenceandgroupthink.Butinthisdecisionithasincreasedthemomentumofafashionablebutdamagingideologyovertakingelite：Thatstandardizedmetricsofanykindarediscriminatoryandelitist，andthateachstudentissospecialthatheorshecanonlybeevaluatedaccordingtouniquelypersonaltraits.Notestisperfect，buttheACTandSATarepowerfulpredictorsofcollegeperformance.AspsychologyprofessorsNathanKuncelandPaulSackettwrote：“Longitudinalresearchdemonstratesthatstandardizedtestspredictnotjustgradesallthewaythroughcollegebutalsothelevelofcoursesastudentislikelytotake.”Sowhat'sbehindthecampaignagainststandardizedassessments?AUniversityofChicagospokeswomansaysthetest“maynotreflectthefullaccomplishmentsandacademicpromiseofastudent.”Thisistruebutcouldbesaidofanysinglepartofacollegeapplication，includinghighschoolgrades.Gradesmaybethenextmetrictofalloutoffashion.Lastyearacoalitionofprivatehighschoolsjoinedacampaigntoeliminategradesongroundsthat“aGPAshavesoffalotofhumanityinthewordsofoneprep-schoolprincipal.Onewondersiftheaimisn'treallytoshieldwell-offstudentsfromrigorousassessmentssotheycanskatebyontestimonialsandextracurricularsalone.TheUniversityofChicagoalsosayseliminatingtestingrequirements“l(fā)evelstheplayingfor“under-resourcedandfirst-generation，”whomaynothaveaccesstotest-preparationcourses.Butcontrarytomyth，mostsuchcoursesproduceonlymodestgains.AndlastyearKhanAcademyandtheCollegeBoardunveiledafreecoursetheysayboostsSATscoresforstudentsatallincomelevels.Bycontrast，low-incomestudentsareunlikelytohaveaccesstoexoticsummerinternshipsorotheractivitiesthatimpressadmissionsoffices.Thecasethattest-optionalpoliciesincreasediversityismostlyspeculative.Buttheydohavetheirusesintherace-in-admissionsgame：SchoolsaccusedofdiscriminatingagainstAsian-Americans，whotendtoscorehigher，mayfindthemaconvenientwaytoconcealtheiruseofracialpreferences.Butthemomentumofthe“test”campaignisnotawinfordiversityinhighereducation.Itlooksmorelikeanopportunityforuniversitiestogamethecollege-ranking，Iftestscoresareoptional，onlyhigh-scoringstudentswillsubmitthemandthiswillmakeschoolslikeChicagorankhigher.Itmightalsolowertheiracceptanceratesbecausemorestudentswillapply.Praise“increasingaccess”isundeserved.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthe“test”movement?A.Itde-emphasizestheroleofstandardizedtestsscoresincollegeentry.B.Itadvocatesrigorousacademicassessmentsforcollegestudents.C.Ittakespersonaltraitsasthesolecriterionforcollegeadmission.D.Itproposesusingstandardizedtestsaspredictorsofcollegeperformance.參考答案：AThecoalitionofprivatehighschoolsbelievesthatgrades______.A.failtoevaluatestudentscomprehensivelyB.stillmattermostforcollegeapplicationC.cantelltheacademicpromiseofastudentD.createagreatbarriertowell-offstudents參考答案：ATheUniversityofChicagoclaimsthateliminatingtestrequirementscanhelpunder-resourcedstudents______.A.getmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesB.getequalopportunitiestoenteruniversitiesC.obtainaccesstotestpreparationcoursesD.obtainimpressivesummerinternships參考答案：BTheauthorbelievesthatthe“”campaignmaymostbenefit______.A.high-scoringstudentsB.under-resourcedminoritiesC.racially-prejudicedcollegesD.higher-rankeduniversities參考答案：CWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatTraitsDoestheUniversityofChicagoLookforinItsApplicants?B.WhyStandardizedTestingandGradingAreBecomingOut-of-Date?C.What'sBehindtheMovetoDropACT/SATScoresforCollegeEntry?D.HowLow-incomeStudentsCanWinintheCollegeAdmissionGame?參考答案：CAsGilbert，Darwin，andothersobservedlongago，allspeciesappeartohavetheinnatecapacitytoincreasetheirnumbersfromgenerationtogeneration.Thetaskforecologistsistountangletheenvironmentalandbiologicalfactorsthatholdthisintrinsiccapacityforpopulationgrowthincheckoverthelongrun.Thegreatvarietyofdynamicbehaviorsexhibitedbydifferentpopulationmakesthistaskmore：somepopulationsremainroughlyconstantfromyeartoyearothersexhibitregularcyclesofabundanceandscarcitystillothersvarywildly，withoutbreaksandcrashesthatareinsomecasesplainlycorrelatedwiththeweather，andinothercasesnot.Toimposesomeorderonthiskaleidoscopeofpatterns，oneschoolofthoughtproposesdividingpopulationsintotwogroups.Theseecologistspositthattherelativelysteadypopulationshavedensity-dependentgrowthparametersthatis，ratesofbirth，，andmigrationwhichdependstronglyonpopulationdensity.Thehighlyvaryingpopulationshavedensity-independentgrowthparameters，withvitalratesbuffetedbyenvironmentaleventstheseratesfluctuateinawaythatiswhollyindependentofpopulationdensity.Thisdichotomyhasitsuses，butitcancauseproblemsiftakentooliterally.Foronething，nopopulationcanbedrivenentirelybydensity-independentfactorsallthetime.Nomatterhowseverelyorunpredictablybirth，，andmigrationratesmaybefluctuatingaroundtheirlong-termaverages，iftherewerenodensity-dependent，thepopulationwould，inthelongrun，eitherincreaseordecreasewithoutbound(barringamiraclebywhichgainsandlossescanceled。Putanother，itmaybethatonaverage99percentofalldeathsinapopulationarisefromdensity-independent，andonlyonepercentfromfactorsvaryingwithdensity.Thefactorsmakinguptheonepercentmayseemunimportant，andtheircausemaybecorrespondinglyhardtodetermine.Yet，whetherrecognizedornot，theywillusuallydeterminethelong-termaveragepopulationdensity.Inordertounderstandthenatureoftheecologist''sinvestigation，wemaythinkofthedensity-dependenteffectsongrowthparametersasthesignalecologistsaretryingtoisolateandinterpret，onethattendstomakethepopulationincreasefromrelativelylowvaluesordecreasefromrelativelyhigh，whilethedensity-independenteffectsacttoproducenoiseinthepopulationdynamics.Forpopulationsthatremainrelativelyconstant，orthatoscillatearoundrepeatedcycles，thesign