PagePAGE2Unit15TraditionalChineseCulture1．中國雜技以其豐富的節(jié)目、悠久的歷史、獨(dú)特絢麗的藝術(shù)特色，屹立于世界雜技技術(shù)瑰寶之林。Chineseacrobaticsranksamongthebestintheworldthankstoitsrichrepertory(alargevarietyofprograms),longhistory,aswellasitsdistinctiveandcolorfulartisticcharacteristics.2．蘇州因城內(nèi)水道遍布而享有“東方威尼斯”之美譽(yù)。Withnumerouswaterways(waterchannels)coveringthetown,Suzhouenjoysthefameasthe“OrientalVenice”.3．上海博物館陳列有600余件上自新石器時(shí)代，下至清末的歷代陶瓷器精品。TheShanghaiMuseumdisplaysover600piecesofthefinestceramics(potteryandporcelainworks)fromthe4．京劇是一種集歌劇表演、歌唱、音樂、舞蹈和武術(shù)于一體的表演藝術(shù)。BeijingOperaisaperformingartthatembraces(integrate,incorporate)opera,singing,musicdancingandmaterialarts.5．中國是一個(gè)歷史悠久、文化燦爛的從民族國家。Chinaisamulti-ethnic(amulti-national)countrywithalonghistoryandasplendidculture.6．端午節(jié)吃粽子、賽龍舟是我們的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗。IthasbeenatraditionalcustomofChinesepeopletoeatricedumplingswrappedinreedleavesandholddragonboatracesduringtheDragonBoatFestival.7．今天，中醫(yī)以其獨(dú)特的療效和科學(xué)本質(zhì)贏得了全世界的廣泛贊譽(yù)。Today,TraditionalChineseMedicinehaswonworldwideacclaimswithitsuniqueeffectiveness(effect)andscientificnature.8．中國有一句老話至今還廣為流傳，叫做“民以食為天”。ThereisanancientChineseremarkstillgoing-aroundlikethis:“Foodistheparamountnecessityofpeople”.9．中國享有“烹飪王國”之美譽(yù)，精致的烹調(diào)藝術(shù)盛行全球，中餐烹飪已名列世界頂尖菜系之林。Chinaenjoysareputationasthe“kingdomofcuisine”.Itsexquisiteculinaryartprevailsinthewholeworld.AndChinesecuisineranksoneofthetopintheworld.10．中醫(yī)學(xué)是建立在中國古代哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)之上的一門臨床醫(yī)學(xué)，以其數(shù)千年的臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累和深厚的古代文化影響，而成為世界上獨(dú)特的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)。TraditionalChineseMedicineisaclinicalmedicinebasedonancientphilosophicalthoughts.IthasbecomeoftheuniquetraditionalmedicalscienceintheworldthankstoitsabundantaccumulationofclinicalexperienceoverthousandsofyearsandtheprofoundinfluencebyancientChineseculture.11．中華民族在自己的發(fā)展長(zhǎng)河中，形成了自己優(yōu)良的文化傳統(tǒng)。這是一筆巨大的精神財(cái)富，是賴以維系中華民族生生不息、延綿不斷的精神紐帶，是國家統(tǒng)一、人民團(tuán)結(jié)的文化基礎(chǔ)。Duringthelongprocessofdevelopment,theChinesenationahsformeditsownfineculturaltraditions.ThisisatremendousspirituallegacyandbondmaintainingtheevolutionoftheChinesenationformgenerationtogeneration.Italsohaslaidtheculturalfoundationfortheunityofthemotherlandandthesolidarityofthepeople.12．中國充分尊重不同民族和不同文明的多樣性與差異性，提倡各種文明相互間共處而不沖突，對(duì)話而不對(duì)抗，交流而不封閉，兼容而不排折、互相學(xué)習(xí)，攜手合作，共同發(fā)展。Chinafullyrespectsthediversityanddifferenceofvariousnationalandcultures.Itadvocatescoexistenceinsteadofconflicts,dialogueinsteadofconfrontations,communicationinsteadofblockade,toleranceinsteadofrepulsion.Itcallsforallculturestolearnfromoneanotherandworktogethertoseekuniversaldevelopment.13．明清時(shí)期，蘇州成為中國最繁華的地區(qū)，私家園林遍布古城內(nèi)外。16-18世紀(jì)全盛時(shí)期，蘇州有園林200余處，現(xiàn)保存尚好的有數(shù)十處，令蘇州素有“人間天堂”之美譽(yù)。IntheMingandQingDynasties,SuzhouwasoneofthemostprosperousareasinChina,withprivategardensscatteredalloverthecityanditssuburbs.Especiallyformthe16thto18thcentury—thegoldenperiodofgardenbuilding—Suzhouboastedovertwohundredgardens,ofwhichdozenshavebeenpreservedingoodconditions.Therefore,Suzhouhasalwaysbeencrownedas“theparadiseonearth.”14．保護(hù)和利用好文化遺產(chǎn)，是世界人民的共同責(zé)任，對(duì)增進(jìn)各國間的相互了解，加強(qiáng)不同文化和文明之間的交流，起著重要的促進(jìn)作用。Theadequatepreservationandutilizationofourculturalsharedresponsibilityofpeoplearoundtheworld.Thisplaysasignificantroleinpromotingmutualunderstandingamongnationsandreinforcingexchangesamongdifferentculturesandcivilizations.15．春節(jié)，是農(nóng)歷正月初一，又叫陰歷年，是我國民間最隆重的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。春節(jié)的歷史很悠久，它起源于殷商時(shí)期年頭歲尾的祭祖活動(dòng)。TheSpringFestival,alsoknowastheChineseNewYear,fallonthe1stofthe1stlunarmonth,anditisthemostimportantfestivalfortheChinesepeople.Theage-oldSpringFestivaloriginatedintheShangDynastywhenpeopleheldsacrificeritualstogodsandancestorsattheturnofayear.16．豫園在1982年被列為國務(wù)院重點(diǎn)保護(hù)單位，是中國南方最優(yōu)秀的園林之一。園內(nèi)有亭臺(tái)樓閣，有池塘和假山，景點(diǎn)超過40個(gè)。TheYuGarden,placeunderthespecialprotectionoftheStateCouncil1982,isoneofthebestgardensinSouthChina.Ithasmorethanfortyscenicspotsincludingpavilions,terraces,chambers,towers,pondsandrockeries.17．茶樓下面的九曲橋，供游人在曲折的橋上輕松地欣賞兩邊的景色，每次轉(zhuǎn)折，都會(huì)讓他們看到一種不同景色。Thezigzagbridgeundertea-houseisfortouriststoenjoythesceneryatease.Viewsvaryateachturnofthebridge.18．中國傳統(tǒng)戲劇在長(zhǎng)期的形成和發(fā)展過程中借鑒了音樂、舞蹈、詩詞、美術(shù)、雜技、武術(shù)等藝術(shù)形式，最后發(fā)展成為戲劇情節(jié)表演為主導(dǎo)的一種兼收并蓄而又獨(dú)立的藝術(shù)形式。Duringalongprocessofformationanddevelopment,traditionalChineseoperashavebeenborrowingelementsformmusic,dancepaintings,acrobaticsandmartialarts,poetryandci,apoeticgenrepopularinSongDynasty.Andfinallytheydevelopedintoanall-embracingandindependentartformgivingprioritytodramaperformance.19．今天世界各地學(xué)打太極拳、學(xué)做氣功以及學(xué)習(xí)按摩的人越來越多。這些健身之法不僅對(duì)人體健康有效，而且對(duì)心腦健康和減肥都有很好的療效。Thereisanincreasingnumberofpeopleworldwidelearningtaijiboxing,qigongandmessage.Thesemethodsaregoodtopeople’sphysicalandmentalhealth,includinghear,brainaswellasweightloss.20．在漫長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展過程中，中國菜逐漸分化為南、北兩大口味。一般來說，南方菜講究鮮嫩，用料精選，做工細(xì)致。而北方菜由于天氣寒冷而油重一些，菜中常加醋和大蒜。Duringthelong-termdevelopment,ChinesedishesgraduallyevolvedintoSouthernandNorthernstyles,Ingeneral,thesoutherndishesemphasizefreshnessandtenderness,andaremadewithchoicematerialsandfinecooking.Becauseofthecoldclimate,northerndishesarerelativelyoily,andtheuseofvinegarandgarlictendstobequitepopular.21.中秋節(jié)的特制食品是一種內(nèi)含核桃仁、蜜餞、豆沙或蛋黃等食物的圓形的月餅，圓象征著圓滿，進(jìn)而象征著家庭團(tuán)聚。Mooncakes,aspecialtyofChina’sMid-autumnFestival,isakindofroundcakesfilledwithwalnuts,preservedfruits,beanpaste,duckeggyolks,etc.Mooncakessymbolizescompletenessandperfection,andbyextension,familyreunion.22．大飽口福歷來是是春節(jié)的主要內(nèi)容，除了常見的海鮮、家禽和肉類之外，人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制一些傳統(tǒng)菜肴。EnjoyinghugedinnersisatypicalcustomoftheSpringFestival.Inadditiontothepopularseafood,poultryandmeat,peoplewillalsopreparesometraditionaldishesaccordingtotheirlocalcustoms.23．本次展覽要展出中國陶器、京劇戲服和出土文物的精品。我們還要展出被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入世界遺產(chǎn)名錄的29處景點(diǎn)及其圖片和實(shí)物，如莫高窟復(fù)制器等。ThisexhibitionwilldisplaythebestworksofChinesepottery,costumesofBeijingOperaandunearthedculturalrelics.WewillalsoexhibitpicturesandobjectsfromChina’s29sitesontheUNESCOworldheritagelist,forexample,thereplicaoftheMogaoGrottos.24．堅(jiān)持文化的民族性并非意味著保守，相反，中國將以更加開放的態(tài)勢(shì)融入國際社會(huì)，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大對(duì)外文化交流，這是中國文化事業(yè)堅(jiān)定不移的方針。Toadheretothenationalidentityofculturedoesnotmeantoremainconservative.Onthecontrary,Chinawillmergeintotheinternationalcommunitywithamoreopenpostureandfurtherexpandinternationalculturalexchange.ThatisaresoluteprincipleguidingChineseculturalundertakings.25．歷史上，中華文明就部分發(fā)源這片美麗富饒的土地。中國13個(gè)王朝曾經(jīng)在陜西建都，歷時(shí)長(zhǎng)達(dá)1180年，使得這一地區(qū)非常繁華。HistoricallyChinesecivilizationoriginatedformthisbeautifulandabundantland.Lastingoveraperiodof1,180years,13dynastiesinChinafoundedtheircapitalsinShaanxi,addingandensuringcontinuingprosperityintheregion.26．中國藝術(shù)也許是因?yàn)槠鋬?yōu)雅精致的瓷器以及艷麗的刺繡而聞名。而民間藝術(shù)則是中國藝術(shù)的一塊奇葩。近年來，中國民間藝術(shù)之一——面人，引起了世人的關(guān)注。面人，谷稱“江米人”，由米面制成。PerhapsChineseartisworldfamousforitselegantporcelainandbrilliantembroidery.However,folkartisanoutstandingpartofChineseart.Inrecentyears,doughfigurines,akindofChinesefolkart,hasattractedgreatattentions.Doughfigurines,alsocalledricefigurines,aremadeofriceandflour.27．要說地道的北京玩意兒，那可太多了；大到號(hào)稱世界七大奇觀的萬里長(zhǎng)城，小到四合院。你要玩，有天壇、頤和園；要聽，有京劇；要吃，有烤鴨；要買紀(jì)念品，有景泰藍(lán)、字畫兒。SpeakingofthetypicalthingsthatremindpeopleofBeijing,therearequiteafewtoname,rangingformtheGreatWall,oneofthesevenwondersintheworld,toitstraditionalcourtyards.Foryoureyes,therearethetempleofHeavenandtheSummerPalace;foryourears,thereisBeijingopera;foryourmouth,thereisBeijingroastduck;andforyourmemory,therearecloisonnéandcalligraphyandpaintings.28．故宮過去叫紫禁城，是中國最后兩個(gè)封建王朝——明清兩代的皇宮。故宮建筑精美，氣勢(shì)雄偉，集中體現(xiàn)了中國古代建筑藝術(shù)的優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)和獨(dú)特風(fēng)格。TheImperialPalaceusedtobecalledthePurpleForbiddenCity.ItwastheroyalpalaceoftheMingandtheQingDynasties,thelasttwofeudaldynastiesinChina.Thegrand-lookingImperialPalaceisbuiltdedicatedlyandgracefullys,wellrepresentingtheexcellenttraditionandtheuniquestyleofChina29．位于上海市南的豫園是著名的古代園林。園林的原主人姓潘，曾經(jīng)是四川省的布政史?；▓@的建造始于1558年，但由于資金短缺，時(shí)建時(shí)停，20年后才建成。TheYuGarden,locatedintheSouthernpartofShanghai,isafamousclassicalgarden.Pan,theformerownerofthegarden,wasoncethegovernorofSichuanProvince.Constructionofthegardenstartedin1559,butwentonandoffforshortageinfund.It30．從某種意義上說，漢語是一種很古老的語言，其最早的漢字已有近4000年的歷史了。漢字在其漫長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展史中演化成了許多不同的書寫形式，例如篆書、隸書、楷書和行書。中國書法家筆中的漢字往往以字形的夸張取得藝術(shù)效果，例如旅游勝地的一些石刻碑文。Inasense,Chineseisaveryoldlanguage,anditsearliestcharactersdatebacktonearlyfourthousandyearsago.Duringtheirlonghistoryofdevelopment,Chinesecharactershaveevolvedintomanydifferentscriptforms,suchasthesealcharacter,officialscript,regularscriptandrunningscript.ChinesecalligraphersusuallyrendertheirChinesecharactersinwaysthatexaggeratetheformtoyieldartisticbeauty,suchasthoseinstoneinscriptionsseenintouristresorts.31.作為蘇州古典園林典型例證的拙政園、留園、網(wǎng)師園和環(huán)秀山莊，誕生于蘇州私家園林發(fā)展的鼎盛時(shí)期，以其意境深遠(yuǎn)、構(gòu)筑精致、藝術(shù)高雅、文化內(nèi)涵豐富而成為蘇州眾多古典園林的典范。AstypicalexamplesofclassicalgardensinSuzhou,theZhongzhen(HumbleAdministrator),Liu(Everlasting)andWangshi(Master-of-nets)gardensandHunaxiu(BeautyEmbraced)MountainVilla,wereallbuiltduringtheheydayofprivategardens.Theyarenotedfortheirinspirationtoimagination,exquisiteworkmanship,superbartistryandrichculturalmeanings.Withthesecharacteristics,thesefourgardenswereregardedasmodelarchitecturesamongthenumerousclassicalgardensinSuzhou.32．文化遺產(chǎn)是人類文明的重要載體，是人類發(fā)展的歷史見證，不僅反映出人類改造自然，進(jìn)化自已的艱苦桌絕的經(jīng)歷，又展現(xiàn)出人類創(chuàng)造文明輝煌的智慧和勤奮，是為人類祖先留給后代人的無比寶貴的財(cái)富。Asanimportantembodimentofcivilizationandahistoricalwitnessofhumandevelopment,culturalheritagehasnotonlyreflectedthearduousprocessofmankindinreformingthenatureandbetteringthemselves,butalsodemonstratedthebrilliantwisdomandhardworkofthemincreatinganddevelopingtheircivilization;Itconstitutesinvaluablelegacyformancestors.33．中國人認(rèn)為，太極是天地萬物之根源。太極分為陰、陽二氣，陰、陽二氣產(chǎn)生木、火、土、金、水這五行。五行代表或作用于人體器官，即火對(duì)心，木對(duì)肝，土對(duì)脾胃，金對(duì)肺，水對(duì)腎。陰陽化合而生萬物，太極則代表了陰陽調(diào)和。WeChinesebelievethattaijiistheoriginofalllivesonEarth.Taijicomprisesyinandyang,twotypesofvitalenergy.Thefiveelements,namelywood,fireearth,metalandwaterderivefromyinandyang.Thesefiveelementscorrespondto,oraffectspecifichumanorgans.Thatis,theelementofthefirecorrespondstotheheart,theearthtothespleenandthestomach,themetaltothelungandthewatertothekidney.ThecombinationofyinandyanggivesbirthtoalllivesonEarth.Taijirepresentstheharmoniousstateofbalancebetweenyinandyang.34．中國是我國的傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)，起源于6000年前的神農(nóng)氏時(shí)代。中醫(yī)學(xué)在長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展過程中，逐漸形成了一套醫(yī)學(xué)原則和觀點(diǎn)。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為“萬物人為貴”中醫(yī)師是通過了解人與自然，以及人體各部之間的種種關(guān)系來診斷病人的疾病。TheChinesemedicine,knownas“traditionalChinesemedicine”(TCM),originatedfromthetimesofShennong,thecelebratedherbalmedicinemasterofancientChinawholivedabout6000yearsago.Duringitslongprocessofevolution,theTCMsciencehasgraduallyformedasetofmedicalprinciplesandconcepts.TCMdoctorsdiagnoseandtreatpatients’diseasesbyfindingouttherelationshipsbetweenhumansandnature,andamongthevariouspartsofthehumanbody.35．農(nóng)村九月九日是中國傳統(tǒng)的重陽節(jié)。重陽節(jié)原是中國農(nóng)民喜慶豐收的一個(gè)節(jié)日，這個(gè)節(jié)日早在戰(zhàn)國進(jìn)期已經(jīng)開成，在漢代逐漸流行，到唐代被規(guī)定為法定節(jié)日。古時(shí)候重陽節(jié)的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容主要有登高，賞菊、飲菊花酒、插茱萸、吃重陽糕等傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗TheDoubleNinthFestivalisobservedonthe9thdayofthe9thlunarmonth.Itwasoriginallyadayforfarmerstocelebratebumperharvestsofcrops.TheFestivalwasbornintheWarringStatesperiod,becamepopularintheHanDynasty,andwasmadeanofficialday-offintheTangDynasty.Inancienttimes,thefestivalwasmarkedbyclimbingheights,appreciatingchrysanthemum.Flowers,drinkingchrysanthemumflowerwine,wearinginhairsmallcorneltwigs,eatingDoubleNinthcakeandothertraditionalcustoms.36．京劇的角色分成生、旦、凈、丑。一般男子稱“生”，又分“老生”和“小生”。中年成熟男子稱“老生”，青年男子稱“小生”。一般婦女稱“旦”，又細(xì)分為“青衣”，“武旦”，和“花旦”品貌或性格特異的男子稱“凈”，也叫“花臉”。詼諧、幽默、機(jī)智的男子稱“丑”。InBeijingopera,therearefourroles;sheng,dan,jingandchou.Thesheng(malerole)isdividedintolaoshengandxiaosheng:thetheformerisamature,middle-agedman,whilethelatterportraysayoungman.Thedan(femalerole)isdividedintoqingyi(respectableanddecentladies),wudan(militaryornon-militarywomencableofmartialarts),andhuadan(livelyandcleveryounggirls).Thejing(painted-facedrole)meansallkindsofpainted-facesandactsasthemalerolethathasapeculiarpersonalityorappearance.Thechou(comicfacewithmeansclown)alwaysactsasawittyandfunnyfolkchivalrousman.37．在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，中醫(yī)學(xué)以其天然草藥副作用小的特性而備受世人矚目?！搬樉臒帷苯?jīng)久不衰，“中醫(yī)熱”方興未艾”許多醫(yī)療理念，如“未病先防”的養(yǎng)生防病思想、“天人相應(yīng)”的整體觀念，均得到日益光大。中醫(yī)的許多治療方法，包括中藥方劑、針灸、推拿、氣功以及民間的各種簡(jiǎn)易療法，不僅為中華民族的繁衍昌盛做出了貢獻(xiàn)，也必將為世界人民的健康帶來福音。Today,TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)haswonattentionsfortheapplicationofnaturalherbalmedicineswithfewsideeffects.Alongwiththeenduringpopularityoftheacupuncture,aTCMcrazeisnowemerging.ManytreatmentconceptconceptsinTCMarecarriedforwardsuchastheidea”preventionbeforediseaserises”andtheholisticconceptof“harmonybetweenhumanandnature”.ManytreatmentsinTCMincludingherbalformula,acupuncturemassage,ChiKung,andsomesimplefolktreatments,havecontributedgreatlynotonlytotheprosperityoftheChinesenation,butalsotothehealthofpeopleallaroundtheworld.38．說起中餐，人們都知道中餐烹飪以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著稱于世。中國悠久的歷史，廣袤的疆土，好客的習(xí)俗，孕育了中餐烹飪的獨(dú)特藝術(shù)。中餐烹飪講究原料的選配，食物的質(zhì)地，佐料的調(diào)制，切菜的刀工，適時(shí)的烹調(diào)，以及裝盤藝術(shù)。最負(fù)盛名的中餐菜系有南方的粵菜、北方的魯菜、東部的淮揚(yáng)菜和西部的川菜、素有“南淡北咸，東甜西辣”之特點(diǎn)。IntermsofChinesefood,itispopularlyrecognizedthatChinesecuisineisworld-famousforitsperfectcombinationof“color,aroma,tasteandappearance.”China’suniqueculinaryartowesitselftothecountry’slonghistory,vastterritoryandhospitabletraditions.Chinesecuisinegivesemphasistotheselectionofingredients,thetextureoffood,theblendingseasonings,slicingtechniques,theperfecttimingofcookingandtheartoflayingoutthefoodontheplate,.Amongthebest-knownschoolsofChineseculinarytraditionsaretheCanonesscuisineofthe