PAGE1頁(yè)NUMPAGES7情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)mustnot.成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加not。表示有生命的名詞的全部格其單數(shù)形式是加s,s，studentsroom,studentsrooms,fathersshoess的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加s，如：ChildrensDay用s，例如：atwentyminuteswalk，tenmilesjourney，aboatslength，twopoundsweight,tendollarsworth。無(wú)生命名詞的全部格則必需用of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：amapofChina，theendofthisterm，thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。雙重全部格，例如：afriendofmyfathersandMarysrooms(約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間);TomsandMarysbikes(兩兩個(gè)名詞并列，只有一個(gè)s，則表示“共有”，例如：JohnandMarysroom(約翰和瑪麗共有一間);TomandMarysmother(即TomMary形后加-s或-es。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：often,sometimes,usually,always,seldom,inthemorning,everyday,onSunday等。如：HeisalwaysreadytohelpThestudentshavesportsatfiveeveryafternoon.Doesheworkhard?Threeplustwoisfive.Aplaneisfasterthanacar.ChinaisinAsia.LighttravelsfasterthanIwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.She’llgotoseehimassoonasshearrives.Whentheycomethey’lltellyousomethingimportant.Theteachertoldherpupilsthatthesunrisesintheeast.一般用be,come,go,arrive,leave,start等動(dòng)詞。如：MybirthdayfallsonMay2.Themeetingisat2:00p.m.Hisshipleavesat9:00a.m.Scene1(MaryandMissGreenareintheprofessor’sroom-alarge,pleasantroomwithmanybooks.Thereisabigdesknearthewindow.)7here,there開(kāi)頭的句子Theregoesthebell.Let’shurry.Herecomestheteacher.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailway去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí))。例如：HeaskedwhattimeitHetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsOurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.所謂垂懸結(jié)構(gòu)(TheDanglingConstruction)就是一個(gè)句子成分，如分詞短①Climbingupthehill,severalboarswere這句子里的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)(presentparticipialphrase)修飾主語(yǔ)“several確定是邏輯主語(yǔ)，使句子變成“Climbingupthehill,theexplorerssawseveralboars.”把現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)擴(kuò)大為副詞分句(也稱(chēng)狀語(yǔ)從句)：“Whentheexplorersclimbedupthehill,theysawseveralboars/severalboarswereAfterputtingashrimponthehook,thefishbeganto這句的副詞短語(yǔ)(adverbphrase)和主語(yǔ)“thefish”有什么邏輯關(guān)系呢?真正的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)是“thefisherman”或“theangler”才對(duì)。改正方法：Afterputtingashrimponthehook,thefishermanfoundthatthefishbegantobite.Afterthefishermanhadputashrimponthehook,thefishbegantobite.Towritewell,alotofpracticeisTobealoyalemployee,asenseofbelongingisa這兩個(gè)句子的不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(infinitivephrases)和“asenseofbelongingTowritewell,oneneedsalotofpractice/apersonhastopractisealot.Tobealoyalemployee,heorshemusthaveasenseof第一，獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(TheAbsoluteConstruction37Suchbeingthecase,wecangohomenow./……itisnotwrongtocallitaday.Owingtoalackoffunds,theprojecthastobeProvidedthatthereissufficienttim