.住院醫(yī)師規(guī)范化培訓(xùn)英語試題姓名：成績(jī)第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為湊近的選項(xiàng)。1Forsomeobscurereason,thesimplegameisbecomingverypopular.AunclearBobviousCmajorDminor2Theseaturtle'snaturalhabitathasbeenconsiderablyreduced.AgreatlyBsuddenlyCgenerallyDslightly3IgotanotefromMoiraurgingmetogetintouch.AinstructingBnotifyingCpushingDinviting4Itispossibletoapproachtheprobleminadifferentway.AraiseBposeCexperienceDhandle5Thedecisiontoinvadeprovokedstormsofprotest.AignoredBorganizedCcausedDreceived6Janesaidthatshecouldn'ttoleratethelonghours.AspendBtakeClastDstand7At80,PeckwasstillvigorousandlivinginParis.AenergeticBhappyCaloneDbusy8Foresterstaredathiscar,tremblingwithrage.AshakingBturningCjumpingDshouting9Ayoungmanisbeinghailedaherotonightafterrescuingtwochildren.AreportedBprovedCpraisedDcaught10Iwantedtoaskheroutbutwasscaredthatshemightrefuse.AanxiousBsureCsadDafraid11Atthattime,wedidnotfullygraspthesignificanceofwhathadhappened.AgiveBattachCloseDunderstand教育資料.12Andersonleftthetable,remarkingthathehadsomeworktodo.AdoubtingBsayingCthinkingDknowing13Heassertedthatnuclearpowerwasasafeandnon-pollutingenergysource.AmaintainedBrecommendedCconsideredDacknowledged14Thestudyalsonotesasteadydeclineinthenumberofcollegestudentstakingsciencecourses.ArelativeBgeneralCcontinuousDsharp15Shealwaysfindsfaultwitheverything.AcriticizesBsimplifiesCevaluatesDexamines第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)依照短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：若是該句供應(yīng)的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；若是該句供應(yīng)的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；若是該句的信息文中沒有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。RelievingthePain"Exercisemaybethebesttreatmentofchronicpain,"saydoctorsatanewclinicfordealingwithpain."Peoplewithchronicpainneedtostoplyingaround,gooutmore,andstartexercising."Theinstinctivereactiontoacutepainistostopmovingandtotrytoprotectthesourceofpain.Butitseemsthatthisisoftennotproductive,especiallyinthecaseofbackpain.Backpain,afterheadachesandtiredness,hasbecomethethirdmostcommonreasonforpeopletovisittheirdoctors.Painfulbacksnowaccountformillionsofdaysoffwork.Lumber(腰部的)painsarepartlythepricehumanspayfortakingtheirforelimbsofftheground,buttheyaremadeworsebyasedentary(久坐不動(dòng)的)lifestyle.Lackofexerciseslowlydecreasestheflexibilityandstrengthofmuscles,sothatitismoreendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽),thebody's"feel-good"chemicals,whicharenaturalpainkillers.Infact,thesearesoimportantthatresearchersarenowlookingfordrugsthatcanmaintainacomfortablelevelofendorphinsinthebody.Mostpeoplewhogotoafamilydoctorcomplainingofpainareprescribedpain-killingdrugsratherthanexercise.Sincefindingthecauseofbackacheisnotsoeasy,doctorsfrequentlydonotknowtheprecisecauseofthediscomfort,andasthepaincontinues,sufferersenduptakingstrongerdosesorseriesofdifferentdrugs."It'scrazy,"says教育資料.Dr.Brasseur,atherapistattheInternationalAssociationfortheStudyofPain."Someofthemaretakingdifferentdrugsprescribedbydifferentdoctors.I'vejustseenapatientwhowastakingtwodrugswhichturnedouttobethesamethingunderdifferentnames."Agenerationofnewpainclinicsnowoperatesonthebasisthatdrugsarebestavoided.Oncepatientshaveundergonetheinitialphysicalandpsychologicalcheckup,theirmedicationiscutdownasmuchaspossible.Takingpatientsoffdrugsalsopreparesthemforphysicalactivity.Insomepain-reliefclinics,patientsbeginthedaywithmusclecontractionandrelaxationexercise,followedbyanhouronexercisebikes.Laterintheday,theypracticet'aichi(太極)self-defense,anddeepthought.Thiscompareswithanaverageoftwo-and-ahalfhoursphysiotherapy(理療)aweekinatraditionalhospitalprogram."Theideaistostrengthenandtoincreaselong-lastingenergy,flexibility,andconfidence,"explainsBillWiles,aconsultantpaindoctorinLiverpool."Patientsundergoingthistherapygetbacktoworkandresumehealthyactivelifestylesmuchsoonerthatthosesubjectedtomoreconservativetreatment."16Totreatpain,patientsshouldstopmovingaround.RightWrongNotmentioned17Headachesarepartlycausedbylackofexercise.RightWrongNotmentioned18Exercisehelpstotakethepressureoffthesiteofpain.RightWrong教育資料.CNotmentioned19Doctorsoftenusedrugssuchasendorphinstotreatpatients.RightWrongNotmentioned20Backachesufferersoftenenduptakingmorethanonedrugtokillpain.RightWrongNotmentioned21Exerciseshelpspainsuffererstorecovermorequicklythantraditionaltreatment.RightWrongNotmentioned22Newpainclinicsaskpatientstogiveupdrugscompletely.RightWrongNotmentioned第3部分：概括馬虎與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2-5段每段選擇1個(gè)最正確標(biāo)題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。OwlsandLarks(貓頭鷹與云雀)教育資料.1Inthisarticle,welookattheimportanceofsleepforlearning.Mosthealthyadultsneedeightormorehoursofsleep.Butwhydoweneedsleepinthefirstplace?Weneedsleepforthebraintogetachancetorebuildmemoriesstoredduringthedayandassociatethesewithpreviouslylearnedthings.Ifthisprocessisinterruptedby,say,thesoundofanalarmclock,itmaynotbeaseffective.Soifyoursleepiscutshortbythealarmclock,howdamagingisit?Thetruthisthatit'sdifficulttopredict,assomuchdependsonhowmuchsleepyourbodyactuallyneedsonthatparticularoccasion.2Thepopularbeliefthatpeoplearenaturallyeitherlarks(earlyrisers)orowlsisfalse.Thereasonwhypeopletendtobeoneortheotherhasmoretodowithlifestyle,age,andpersonality.Manypeoplewhoappeartobeearlybirdsmayhavejustbecomesothroughhabit,forexample,parentswithveryyoungchildren.Teenagerscanhavedifficultyfallingasleepuntillateatnightandthentheynaturallyhaveproblemsgettingupthefollowingmorning.3Themainreasonwhyowlsareowlsisthattheytendtospendtheirtimeoverabook,movie,orcomputergametilltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Theyenjoythequietofthenightwhentheycanpursuetheirpassion.Ontheotherhand,larkscanmakebetteruseofearlymorninghourswheretheycanstudyinquietatthetimewhentheirbrainsaremostrefreshed.Sowhichisbetterforlearning-anowl'soralark'slifestyle?Thesimpletruthisthatitismorecomplexthansimplybeingoneortheother.Leadingawell-balancedlifeintermsofworkandplayandsleepingenoughtobringmaximumrefreshmentisprobablythesecret.4Asfornaps,expertsoninsomnia(失眠)argueagainsttakingnaps,asthesemaykeeppeopleupatnight.Ifyournaplastsonlyfiveminutestohalfanhouranddoesnotaffectyourabilitytofallasleepinthenight,itwillprobablyhelpyoubemorealertineveninghours.However,ifyouarehavingproblemsgettingtosleepatnight,it'snotonlynapsthatyoushouldavoid.Trynottodrinkalotofalcohol,takenicotine(尼古丁),domentallyintenseactivitieslikepreparingforexamsordoingexerciseintheevening.Somepeopleswearthatdrinkingcoffeeneverstopsthemfromsleepinglikealog,whereasotherswillnevergonearthestuffforfearofbeingawakeallnight.However,thebestadviceformostistoavoiditintheevening,andifyoudrinkcoffeebeforeanap,rememberyouarelikelytoawakenassoonasthecaffeinestartskickingin.23Paragraph1_________24Paragraph2_________25Paragraph3_________教育資料.26Paragraph4_________AWhatshouldweavoid?BHowmuchsleepdoweneed?CWhichisbetter,beinganowloralark?DWhydoweneedsleep?EWhatmakespeopleowlsorlarks?FWhathelpsusfallasleep?27Sleephelpsbrainto_________.28Parentswithveryyoungchildrentendto_________29Agoodlifestylemeansonecan_________.30Itisgoodadviceformostpeopleto_________.AsleepenoughtobringmostrefreshmentBkeepawayfromcoffeeintheeveningCstayuptilltheearlyhoursofthemorningDgetupquiteearlyEstorememoriesinthebrainFrebuildmemoriesstoredduringtheday第4部分：閱讀理解(第3l～45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)依照短文內(nèi)容,為每題確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。第一篇CellPhones:HangUporKeepTalking?Millionsofpeopleareusingcellphonestoday.Inmanyplacesitisactuallyconsideredunusualnottouseone.Inmanycountries,cellphonesareverypopularwithyoungpeople.Theyfindthatthephonesaremorethanameansofcommunication-havingamobilephoneshowsthattheyarecoolandconnected.Theexplosionsaroundtheworldinmobilephoneusemakesomehealthprofessionalworried.Somedoctorsareconcernedthatinthefuturemanypeoplemaysufferhealthproblemsfromtheuseofmobilephones.InEngland,therehasbeenaseriousdebateaboutthisissue.Mobilephonecompaniesareworriedaboutthenegativepublicityofsuchideas.Theysaythatthereisnoproofthatmobilephonesarebadforyourhealth.教育資料.Ontheotherhand,whydosomemedicalstudiesshowchangesinthebraincellsofsomepeoplewhousemobilephones?Signsofchangeintheissuesofthebrainandheadcanbedetectedwithmodernscanning(掃描)equipment.Inonecase,atravelingsalesmanhadtoretireatayoungagebecauseofseriousmemoryloss.Hecouldn'trememberevenhismobilephoneforaboutsixhoursaday,everydayofhisworkingweek,foracoupleofyears.Hisfamilydoctorblamedhismobilephoneuse,buthisemployer'sdoctordidn'tagree.Whatisitthatmakesmobilephonespotentiallyharmful?Theanswerisradiation.High-techmachinescandetectverysmallamountsofradiationfrommobilephones.Mobilephonecompaniesagreethatthereissomeradiation,buttheysaytheamountistoosmalltoworryabout.Asthediscussionabouttheirsafetycontinues,itappearsthatit'sbesttousemobilephoneslessoften.Useyourregularphoneifyouwanttotalkforalongtime.Useyourmobilephoneonlywhenyoureallyneedit.Mobilephonescanbeveryusefulandconvenient,especiallyinemergencies.Inthefuture,mobilephonesmayhaveawarninglabelthatsaystheyarebadforyourhealth.Sofornow,it'swisenottouseyourmobilephonetoooften31PeoplebuycellphonesforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthatAthey'repopularBthey'reusefulCthey'reconvenientDthey'recheap32Theworld"detected"inparagraph3couldbebestreplacedbycuredremoveddiscoveredcaused33ThesalesmanretiredyoungbecauseAhecouldn'tremembersimpletasksBhedislikedusingmobilephones教育資料.ChewastiredoftalkingonhismobilephoneDhisemployer'sdoctorpersuadedhimtoOnthesafetyissueofmobilephones,themanufacturingcompaniesAholdthattheamountofradiationistoosmalltoworryaboutBdenytheexistenceofmobilephoneradiationCdevelopnewtechnologytoreducemobilephoneradiationDtrytoprovethatmobilephonesarenotharmfultohealth35Thewriter'spurposeofwritingthisarticleistoadvisepeopleAtobuymobilephonesBtousemobilephoneslessoftenCtoupdateregularphonesDtostopusingmobilephones第二篇ImmuneFunctionsTheimmunesystemisequalincomplexitytothecombinedintricaciesofthebrainandnervoussystem.Thesuccessoftheimmunesystemindefendingthebodyreliesonadynamicregulatorycommunicationnetworkconsultingofmillionsandmillionsofcells.Organizedintosetsandsubsets,thesecellspassinformationbackandforthlikecloudsofbeesflyingaroundahive(蜂巢).Theresultisasensitivesystemofchecksandbalancesthatproducesanimmuneresponsethatisprompt,appropriate,effective,andself-omitting.Attheheartoftheimmunesystemistheabilitytodistinguishbetweenselfandnonself.Whenimmunedefendersencountercellsororganismscarryingforeignofnonselfmolecules,theimmunetroopsmovequicklytoeliminatetheintruders(入侵者).Virtuallyeverybodycellcarriesdistinctivemoleculesthatidentifyitasself.Thebody'simmunedefensesdonotnormallyattacktissuesthatcarryaself-marker.Rather,immunecellsandotherbodycellscoexistpeaceablyinastateknownasself-tolerance.Whenanormallyfunctioningimmunesystemattacksanonselfmolecule,thesystemhastheabilityto"remember"thespecificsoftheforeignbody.Uponsubsequentencounterswiththesamespeciesofmolecules,theimmunesystemreactsaccordingly.Withthepossibleexceptionofantibodies(抗體)passedduringlactation(授乳期),thissocalledimmunesystemmemoryisnotinherited.Despitetheoccurrenceofavirusinyourfamily,yourimmunesystemmust"learn"fromexperiencewiththemanymillionsofdistinctivenonselfmolecules教育資料.intheseaofmicrobes(微生物)inwhichwelive,learningnecessitatesproducingtheappropriatemoleculesandcellstomatchupwithandcounteracteachnonselfinvader.Anysubstancecapableofstimulatinganimmuneresponseiscalledanantigen(抗原).Antigensarenottobeconfusedwithallergens(過敏原)，whicharemostoftenharmlesssubstancesthatprovoketheimmunesystemtosetofftheinappropriateandharmfulresponseknownasallergy.Anantigencanbeavirus,abacterium,orevenaportionorproductofoneoftheseorganisms.Tissuesorcellsfromanotherindividual(exceptanidenticalwin,whosecellscarryidenticalselfmakersactasantigens;becausetheimmunesystemrecognizestransplantedtissuesasforeign,itrejectsthem.Thebodywillevenrejectnourishingproteinsunlesstheyarefirstbrokendownbythedigestivesystemintotheirprimary,nonantigenicbuildingblocks.Anantigenannouncesitsforeignnessbymeansofintricateandcharacteristicshapescalledepitopes(抗原表位),whichprotrude(突出)fromitssurface.Mostantigens,eventhesimplestmicrobes,carryseveraldifferentkindsofepitomesontheirsurface,somemayevencarryseveralhundred.Someepitomeswillbemoreeffectivethanothersatstimulatinganimmuneresponse.Onlyinabnormalsituationsdoestheimmunesystemwronglyidentifyselfasnonselfandexecuteamisdirectedimmuneattack.36Whatisusedtodescribethecommunicationnetworkconsistingofcellsintheimmunesystem?ATheimmunesystem'smemory.BBeesflyingaroundahive.CImmunetroopseliminatingintruders.DAseaofmicrobes.37Theimmunecellsandothercellsinthebodycoexistpeaceablyinastateknownasbalance.harmony.tolerance.self-tolerance.38Howdotheimmunecellsrecognizeanantigenas"foreign"or"nonself"?AThroughcharacteristicshapesontheantigensurface.BThroughanallergicresponse.CThroughbloodtype.教育資料.DThroughfinehairsprotrudingfromtheantigensurface.39Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?AAllergensareusuallyharmfulsubstances.BAntigenscantriggeranimmuneresponse.CPeoplewithantigensdonotsufferfromobviousresponses.DThereisnodifferencebetweenanantigenandanallergen.40Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?AThebasicfunctionoftheimmunesystemistodistinguishbetweenselfandnonself.BAnantigenisanysubstancethattriggersanimmuneresponse.COneoftheimmunesystem'sprimaryfunctionsistheallergicresponse.DThehumanbodyisanappropriatehabitatformicrobes.第三篇BeAlerttoAntimicrobial（抗微生物的）ResistanceTheabilityofmicro-organismstofindwaystoevadetheactionofthedrugsusedtocuretheinfectionstheycauseisincreasinglyrecognizedasaglobalpublichealthissue.Somebacteriahavedevelopedmechanismswhichmakethemresistanttomanyoftheantibiotics(抗生素)normallyusedfortheirtreatment(multi-drugresistantbacteria),soposeparticulardifficulties,astheremaybefewornoalternativeoptionsfortherapy.Theyconstituteagrowingandglobalpublichealthproblem.WHOsuggeststhatcountriesshouldbepreparedtoimplementhospitalinfectioncontrolmeasurestolimitthespreadofmulti-drugresistantstrains(菌株)andtoreinforcenationalpolicyonprudentuseofantibiotics,reducingthegenerationofantibioticresistantbacteria.Anarticlepublishedin7"heLancetInfectiousDiseaseson11August2010identifiedanewgenethatenablessometypesofbacteriatobehighlyresistanttoalmost/allantibiotics.ThearticlehasdrawnattentiontotheissueofAMR3(antimicrobialresistance),and,inparticular,hasraisedawarenessofinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.Whilemulti-drugresistantbacteriaarenotnewandwillcontinuetoappear,thisdevelopmentrequiresmonitoringandfurtherstudytounderstandtheextentandmodesoftransmission,andtodefinethemosteffectivemeasuresforcontrol.教育資料.Thosecalledupontobealerttotheproblemofantimicrobialresistanceandtakeappropriateactionincludeconsumers,managersofhospitals,patients,aswellasnationalgovernments,thepharmaceutical(制藥的)industry,andinternationalWHOstronglyrecommendsthatgovernmentsfocuscontrolandpreventioneffortsinthefollowingareaslikesurveillanceforantimicrobialresistance;rationaluse,includingeducationofhealthcareworkersandthepublicintheappropriateuseofantibiotics;introducingorenforcinglegislationrelatedtostoppingthesellingofantibioticswithoutprescription;andstrictadherencetoinfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasures,includingtheuseofhand-washingmeasures,particularlyfacilities.Successfulcontrolofmultidrug-resistantmicroorganismshasbeendocumentedinmanycountries,andtheexistingandwell-knowninfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreduce-transmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsifsystematicallyimplemented.WHOwillcontinuetosupportcountriestodeveloprelevantpolicies,andtocoordinateinternationaleffortstocombatantimicrobialresistance.AntimicrobialresistancewillbethethemeofWHO'sWorldHealthDay2011.41AntimicrobialresidencehasbecomeaglobalpublichealthissuebecauseAtheremaybefewornotreatmenttoinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.Bnewantibioticsaretooexpensiveforpoorcountries.Cinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteriahavekilledalotofpeople.Dscientistsknownothingaboutmulti-drugresistantbacteria.42Theword"prudent"inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningtounwise.wasteful.widespread.careful.

agencies.antibioticinhealthcare教育資料.43ThearticlepublishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseasesfoundthatAsomebacteriahavedevelopedanewgenetoresistalmostallantibiotics.Banewmulti-drugresistantbacteriumhasappeared.Csomeinfectionsarecausedbyantibiotics.Dsomecountriesaresuccessfulincontrollingmulti-drugresistantmicroorganisms.44WHOrecommendsgovernmentstofocusonthefollowingareasEXCEPTAkeepinghospitalsfromstoringmoreantibioticsthantheycanuse.Beducationontheuseofantibiotics.Ccontrolofantibioticuse.Dintroductionofnewregulationsonthesaleofantibiotics.45WelearnfromthepassagethatAantimicrobialresistancewasnotnoticeduntil2010.Bfurtherstudyisneededtodealwiththetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantbacteria.CwithoutWHO,nocountrywillbesaferinthewaragainstantimicrobialresistance.DWHOwillfocusitspreventionandcontroleffortsinpoorcountries.第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46-50題，每題2分，共10分）下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)依照短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有地址，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。Mt.DesertIslandThecoastoftheStateofMaineisoneofthemostirregularintheworld.Astraightlinerunningfromthesouthernmostcoastalcitytothenorthernmostcoastalcitywouldmeasureabout225miles.Ifyoufollowedthecoastlinebetweenthesepoints,youwouldtravelmorethantentimesasfar.Thisirregularityistheresultofwhatiscalled教育資料.adrownedcoastline.____(46)Atthattime,thewholeareathatisnowMainewaspartofamountainrangethattoweredabovethesea.Astheglacier(冰川)descended,however,itexpendedenormousforceonthosemountains,andtheysankintothesea.Asthemountainssank,oceanwaterchargedoverthelowestpartsoftheremainingland,formingaseriesoftwistinginletsandlagoons(咸水湖).Thehighestpartsoftheformermountainrange,nearesttheshore,remainedasislands.____(47)Marinefossilsfoundhere225feetabovesealevel,indicatingtheleveloftheshorelinepriortotheglacier.The2,500-mile-longrockycoastlineofMainekeepswatchovernearlytwothousandislands.Manyoftheseislandsaretinyanduninhabited,butmanyarehometothrivingcommunities.Mt.DesertIslandisoneofthelargest,mostbeautifuloftheMainecoastislands.Measuring16milesby12miles,Mt.Desertwasessentiallyformedastwodistinctislands.____(48)Foryears,Mt.DesertIsland,particularlyitsmajorsettlement,BarHarbor,affordedsummerhomesforthewealthy.Recentlythough,BarHarborhasbecomearapidlygrowingartscommunityaswell.ButthebestpartoftheislandistheunspoiledforestlandknownasAcadiaNationalPark.Becausetheislandsitsontheboundarylinebetweenthetemperate(溫帶)andsub-Arcticzones,theislandsupportstheplantsandanimalsofbothzonesaswellasbeach,inland,andalpine(頂峰的)plants.____(49)TheestablishmentofAcadiaNationalParkin1916meansthatthisnaturalreservewillbeperpetuallyavailabletoallpeople,notjustthewealthy.VisitorstoAcadiamayreceivenatureinstructionfromtheparknaturalistsaswellasenjoycamping,cycling,andboating.Ortheymaychoosetospendtimeatthearcheologicalmuseum,learningabouttheStoneAgeinhabitantsoftheisland.ThebestviewonMt.DesertislandisfromthetopofCadillacMountain.___(50)Fromthesummit,youcangazebacktowardthemainlandoroutovertheAtlanticOceanandcontemplatethebeautycreatedbyretreatingglacier.AItalsoliesinamajorbirdmigrationlaneandisarestingspotformanybirds.BMt.DesertIslandisoneofthemostfamousofalloftheislandsleftbehindbytheglacier.CThewealthyresidentsofMt.DesertIslandselfishlykeptittothemselves.DThetermcomesfromtheactivityoftheiceage.教育資料.EThismountainrises1,532feet,makingitthehighestmountainontheAtlanticseashore.FItissplitalmostinhalfbySomesSound,adeepandnarrowstretchofwatersevenmileslong.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)依照短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最正確選項(xiàng)。Pandemic(大面積流行的)H1N12009ThemostactiveareasofpandemicinfluenzatransmissioncurrentlyareincentralandeasternEurope.Focal(集中的)increasesinratesduringrecentweekswere______(51)inatleasttwoeasternEuropeancountries.Ahighintensityofrespiratory(呼吸道)diseasesactivitywithconcurrent(同時(shí)存在的)circulationofpandemicinfluenzastill______(52)inpartsofsouthernandeasternEurope,______(53)inGreece,Poland,andUkraine.InWesternEurope,influenzatransmissionremains______(54)activeandwidespread,butoveralldiseaseactivityhaspeaked.AllinfluenzavirusesinWesternEuropewerepandemicH1N12009,______(55),verysmallnumbersofseasonalinfluenzaviruses,coveringlessthan1%ofallinfluenzavirusesfound,werereportedinRussia.In______(56),limitedavailabledataindicatethatactive,highintensitytransmissionisoccurringinNorthernAfricancountries______(57)theMediterraneancoast.InCentralAsia,limiteddata______(58)thatinfluenzaviruscirculationremainsactive,buttransmissionmayhaverecentlypeakedinsomeplaces.InWestAsia,Israel,Iran,andIraqalsoappeartohavepassedtheir______(59)periodoftransmissionwithinthepastmonth,thoughbothareascontinuetohavesomeactivetransmissionandlevelsofrespiratorydiseaseactivityhavenotyet______(60)tobaselinelevels.InEastAsia,influenzatransmissionremainsactivebutappearstobe______(61)overall.SlightincreasesinILIwerereportedinMongoliaafterweeksofdecliningactivityfollowingalargepeakofactivity______(62)onemonthago.InNorthAmerica,influenzatransmission______(63)widespreadbuthasdeclinedquicklyinallcountries.InthetropicalregionsofCentralandSouthAmericaandtheCaribbean,influenzatransmissionremainsgeographicallywidespreadbutoveralldisease______(64)hasbeendecliningorremainsunchangedinmostparts,______(65)forfocalincreasesinrespiratorydiseaseactivityinafewcountries.教育資料.AexpectedBreportedCmarkedDcausedAplaysBkeepsCmaintainsDexistsAusuallyBparticularlyCexactlyDcompletelyAinactiveBactiveCfaithfulDunaffectedAyetBhoweverCstillDuntilAfactBgeneralCtotalDadditionAbesideBatCalongDaroundAsuggestBadviseCproposeDrecommendAbriefBlateClongDpeakAreturnedBledCbroughtDturnedAdecliningBrisingCbalancingDjumpingAaboveBfromCoverDsinceAseemsBexpandsCbecomesDremainsApictureBperformanceCqualityDactivityAexceptBasCallDand教育資料.教育資料.住院醫(yī)師規(guī)范化培訓(xùn)英語考試成績(jī)單序號(hào)姓名成績(jī)1張三100答案第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)1、Aobscure不清楚的、晦澀的，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中和unclear同義，obvious顯然的，恰好是obscure的反義詞；major和minor分別為“主要的”和“次要的”意思。2、Aconsiderably意為“相當(dāng)大地、在很大程度上”，是副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞，故用greatly替代。又如:HisEnglishhasbeenconsiderablyimproved.他的英語大有起色。slightly為它的反義詞。3、C動(dòng)詞urge“敦促、敦促”的意思，push平時(shí)的意義是“推”，但可以轉(zhuǎn)義而擁有和urge同樣的意義，又如：Theresidentsarepushingthelocalauthoritiestotakememeasures教育資料.tohandlethepollutionproblemimmediately.居民們敦促地方當(dāng)局馬上采用措施辦理污染問題。4、Dapproach做動(dòng)詞有多種講解，其中一種和handle意義周邊，即“辦理、對(duì)待”等，如：approachtheissuewithanimpartialattitude已不偏不倚的態(tài)度來對(duì)待這個(gè)問題，approachthesubjectfromahistoricalpointofview從歷史的角度來看這個(gè)主題。5、Cprovoke是“激起、惹起”的意思，如:provokeindignationofthepublic激起公憤，cause可以表達(dá)同樣的意義，但要一般得多。6、Dtolerate是“忍受”的意思，如:toleratetheheat忍受酷熱，toleratetheloneliness忍受孤獨(dú)，toleratethehumiliation忍受侮辱。和它同義的詞常用的有bear,endure和stand。7、Avigorous是“活力充分”的意思，和energetic同義8、Atrembling是動(dòng)詞tremble的-ing分詞形式，意思是“發(fā)抖”，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有shaking擁有同樣的意義。9、Chail這個(gè)動(dòng)詞有“熱情贊美、喝采認(rèn)可”等意思，如:Theyhailedtheyoungpianistforhismarvelousperformance.他們對(duì)那位年輕鋼琴家的優(yōu)異演奏大家贊美。Thebanditshailedhimtheirleader.強(qiáng)盜們擁他為王。注意本句中的謂語動(dòng)詞Theyoungmanisbeinghailed...是被動(dòng)式，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。10、Dscared是“懼怕”的意思，很常用，如:Thekidswereallscaredbyhisfiercelook.孩子們被他的一臉兇相嚇壞了。但是在本句里，scared其實(shí)不是“懼怕”的意思，而更湊近于“擔(dān)心”的意思，故和afraid相當(dāng)。11、Dgrasp這個(gè)動(dòng)詞是“抓住”的意思，可用于詳盡的事物，如:grasptherope/myhand抓住繩索/抓住我的手，也可以用于抽象的看法，如：graspthemainidea/hismeaning抓住要點(diǎn)/理解他的意思。在本句中g(shù)raspthesignificanceofwhathadhappened就相當(dāng)于understandthesignificanceofwhathadhappened.12、Bremark這個(gè)動(dòng)詞就是“說”的意思，因此這里就用saying來代替它。13、Aassert是個(gè)比較正式的詞，表示“聲言、提出主張”等，故和表示自己立場(chǎng)的maintain同義。Recommend介紹，consider考慮，acknowledge認(rèn)可。14、Csteady是“牢固的”意思，asteadydecline則是“穩(wěn)步下降”，在這個(gè)上下文中可以用continuous來代替它，即“不斷下降”。Sharpdecline則是“急劇下降”。15、Afindfaultwithsomething/someone是個(gè)固定的表達(dá)式，意為“找茬、吹毛求疵”，因此和criticize（責(zé)怪）基本同義。第2部分：閱讀判斷教育資料.16、B短文第一、二句已明確回答這個(gè)問題，病人需要stop的是lyingaround，而不是movingaround。、C短文重新至尾都沒有提到惹初步痛的原因是什么。、A第二段中間說到，缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)就難以減少難過部位的壓力，因此需要運(yùn)動(dòng)。、B第二段最后一句說，研究者們目前正在搜尋可以使身體中保持理想水平的內(nèi)啡肽藥物，因此它不可以能是現(xiàn)在醫(yī)生經(jīng)常開給病人的藥。、A第三段第二句說到，由于找出背痛的原因很困難，因此背痛病人最后只能服用更大劑量或幾種不同樣的藥物。、A最后一段列舉了好多讓病人進(jìn)行身體活動(dòng)的方法，并在最后一句指出，這樣治療的病人要比傳統(tǒng)治療恢復(fù)得更快。、B第四段說到，他們可是在要求病人進(jìn)行身體活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上盡量減少服藥，也許最好防備服藥，而沒有要求病人完好停止服藥。第3部分：概括馬虎與完成句子、D短文第三句就點(diǎn)出了本段的主題，并且對(duì)于我們?yōu)槭裁葱枰X做出回答。、E本段的主題就在第二句，并且指出，終歸是當(dāng)貓頭鷹還是當(dāng)云雀主要與生活方式、年齡和個(gè)性有關(guān)。、C本段第一比較了貓頭鷹式和云雀式兩種不同樣的生活方式，但孰優(yōu)孰劣其實(shí)不作比較，不過提出“依照自己的T作、娛樂過著充分的生活井有充分的睡眠讓你精力充分才是要點(diǎn)"。、A最后一段列舉了一些需要注意的事物：午睡可視個(gè)人詳盡情況而定，防備攝人擁有刺激性的物品如飲酒、抽煙、喝咖啡等。、F第一段第三句就說到“睡眠是為了讓我們的大腦可以整理白天所記憶的東西”。、D第二段第三句說到，帶著少兒的父親母親就簡(jiǎn)單成為早起者。29、A第三段最后一句的馬虎正是“過著健康的生活，讓充分的睡眠為你帶來充分的精力”。30、B短文最后一句就說到，“對(duì)大多數(shù)人