2023中考英語閱讀、首字母、短文語法選擇精享新選（5）一、閱讀理解。A（2023中考教育類選練）Escaping(逃)fromafireisaseriousmatter.Knowingwhattododuringafirecansaveyourlife.Itisimportanttoknowthewaysyoucanuseandshowthemtoeveryoneinthefamily,forexample,youcanusestairways,roofsandfireescapes,butnolifts.Fromthelowerfloorsofbuildings,toescapethroughwindowsispossible.Thesecondfloorwindowisusuallynotveryhighfromtheground.

Itissafertojumpashortwaythantostayinaburningbuilding.

Windowsarealsousefulwhileyouarewaitingforhelp.Besuretokeepthedoorclosed,beforeopeningthewindow.Otherwise,smokeandfiremaybedrawnintotheroom.Keepyourheadlownexttothewindowtobesureyougetfreshair.

Herearesometipsonhowtostaysafeinearthquakes.Stayinsideandduckandcover.Getunderadeskortable,orstandinacornerorunderadoorway.Coveryourheadandneckwithyourarms.Stayinyourseatifinacinemaoratheater.Getbelowthelevelofthebackoftheseaandcoveryourheadandneckwithyourarms.Trytostayawayfromkitchens,wherethereareoftenmanyobjectsthatmightfallorgethurt.

Itisnecessaryforalltokeepthetrafficrulesinmindandobeythemstrictly.Whenonecrossesthestreet,heshouldtakethecrosswalk,undergroundpassageorpedestrianoverpass.Keepridingontherightsideoftheroad.Whentheredlightison,pleasestopandwaituntilthegreenlightison.Itisimportanttoletthechildrenknowthatplayingontheroadisverydangerous.Helpingtheagedandchildrencrosstheroadisalwaysakinddeed.Ifeveryoneobeysthetrafficrules,itwillbemuchsafertowalkorrideontheroad.(

)1.Youcantrytoescapeafirethroughthefollowingwaysexcept_____________.

A.fireescapes

B.lifts

C.roofs

D.stairways(

)2.Accordingtothefirstpassage,windowsare_______________.

A.ofnousewhenafirebreaksout

B.usefulinputtingoutafire

C.theonlywayofescapingfromafire

D.oneofthewaysofescapingfromafire(

)3.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphis_____________.

A.howtoprotectyourselfinanearthquake

B.coveringyourheadandneckwithyourarmscanprotectyouinanearthquake.

C.advicefordangeroussituations

D.howtostaycalminanearthquake(

)4.Theunderlinedword“duck”inthepassage“means______________.

A.awaterbirdwithshortlegs

B.somekindofmeatforeating

C.walklikeaduck

D.loweryourheadandbodyveryquickly(

)5.Whichisthecorrectbehavioraccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.You’dbetterplayandrideontheroad.B.Whenthegreenlightison,pleasewait.

C.Whenonecrossesthestreet,onemusttakethecrosswalkD.Youshouldkeepthetrafficrulesinmindandobeythemstrictly.參考答案1B2D3A4D5DB面貌識(shí)別技術(shù)TheSpringFestivaltravelrushstartedonFridayJan.13,in2023.ItisthebiggestthingforChinesetotravelintheSpringFestival.Ithasbecometheworld'slargesthumanmovementeveryyear.Duringthosedays,billionsoftripsweremadebytravellers.OnFriday,8.55milliontripsweremadeonrailways,58millionbyroads,0.59millionbywaterwaysand1.3millionbyairacrossthecountry,accordingtotheMinistryofTransport.Newserviceswereofferedduringthisyear'sspringrushtoimprovepassengers'travelspeed.Afewmajortrainstations,suchasGuangzhouandChangsha,usedfacerecognition(面貌識(shí)別)technologyforthefirsttime.Thetechnologycouldshortenpassengers'traveltime.ItwasconvenientfortrainstationstaffwhocheckedtrainticketsandIDcards.Thetechnologycomparedpassengers'faceswiththephotosontheIDcards.PassengersatthosestationsonlyneededtostandinfrontofacameraforafewsecondsafterputtingtheirIDcardsintoamachine.ManypassengersexperiencedthetechnologyatGuangzhouSouthRailwayStation.Theydescribedthetechnologywith“convenient,fastandwonderful”.根據(jù)上述內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子正誤，正確的為“T”，錯(cuò)誤的為“F”。1.ItisverydifficultforChinesetotravelintheSpringFestival.2.MosttripsweremadebyairacrossthecountryduringtheSpringFestival.3.ThetrainstationsinGuangzhouandChangshausedfacerecognition(面貌識(shí)別)technologyforthefirsttime.4.Travellersdidn'tneedtoshowtheirIDcardswiththenewtechnology.5.Thetechnologyisconvenient,fastandwonderful.【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國的春運(yùn)，這是一年一度人潮流動(dòng)最大的時(shí)候。公路、鐵路和航空都在全速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。文章重點(diǎn)提到了新技術(shù)的運(yùn)用——面貌識(shí)別技術(shù)。1.T【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：對(duì)中國人來說春節(jié)出行很困難。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，春節(jié)是每年規(guī)模最大的人口遷移的時(shí)候，所以出行肯定是困難的。故本題表述正確。2.F【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在春節(jié)期間全國的旅行主要是通過航空。根據(jù)第二段第二句“OnFriday,8.55milliontripsweremadeonrailways,58millionbyroads,0.59millionbywaterwaysand1.3millionbyairacrossthecountry...”可知主要是通過公路，故本題表述錯(cuò)誤。3.T【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：廣州和長沙火車站第一次使用面貌識(shí)別技術(shù)。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Afewmajortrainstations,suchasGuangzhouandChangsha,usedfacerecognition(面貌識(shí)別)technologyforthefirsttime.”可知本題表述正確。4.F【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：有了這項(xiàng)新科技，旅客不再需要出示身份證。根據(jù)第四段第二句“PassengersatthosestationsonlyneededtostandinfrontofacameraforafewsecondsafterputtingtheirIDcardsintoamachine.”可知需要出示身份證，故本題表述錯(cuò)誤。5.T【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：這項(xiàng)科技便捷、迅速而且很棒。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Theydescribedthetechnologywith‘convenient,fastandwonderful’．”可知本題表述正確。C(2023年湖北省宜昌中考)I'mnotmuchofacriermostofthetime.ButrecentlywhenIwasreadingabookonaplane,Istartedcrying.Ofcourse,itcameasabigsurprisewhentearscameup,nomatterhowhardItried,Iwasn’tabletocontrolmyself.Ohno,notthisnow.Ithoughttomyself.Butevenasthethoughtenteredmybrain.Ifeltthefirsthotdropofsaltywatercomingdownmyface.Iputmyheaddown,hopingthatIcouldgoonreading.Infact,theharderItried,themoretearspushedtheirwayoutofmyeyes.Youcouldguesshowsurprisedthemannexttomelooked.Idroppedmyheadinshame.HemustthinkIwascrazy.MaybeIcouldturntowardhim,holdupthecoverofthebookandsayinmycryingvoice."I'msorry,sir.It'sjustareallygoodbook!"ButIdidn'tsayanything.Instead,Ijustputmyheadbackagainsttheseatandletthetearsrun.DoyouknowwhatdecisionImadewhileIwascrying?MydecisionwasthatitwasokayifhethoughtIwascrazy.I'dratherbecrazythanbethekindofpersonwhowouldn'tcrywhenthesituationcalledforit,orwhowouldn'tletherselffeelanythingatall.I’vebeenthatgirlwhohasspentsomuchtimetryingtomakesurepeopledidn’tthinkIwascrazy.ButnowIdon’twanttobethatgirlanymore---thatboredandsadgirl.I'dratherbethisgirlwhoisabletoforgive(原諒),loveandact,evenifitmeansbeingdisappointedorbeinghurtagainandagain.()1.Thewriterstartedcryingbecause____________.A.sheisusuallyacrierB.sheiskindofcrazyC.shewasmovedbythebookD.shefeltuneasyontheplane()2.Whentearscameup,thewriteratfirst____________.A.thoughtdeeplyB.wentonreadingC.triedtocontrolherselfD.explainedtothemanbesideher()3.Astearsgotoutofhereyes,thewriterdidNOT______________.A.dropherheadshamefullyB.thinkaboutothers'feelingsC.letherheadagainsttheseatD.saysorrytoanyoneinacryingvoice()4.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthewriter____________.A.decidedtochangeherselfbravelyB.livedasadandboringlifeC.wouldn'tcryinanyterriblesituationD.wouldn'tletothersfeelanythingatall()5.Thepassagemainlytellsus____________.A.whythewritercriedhardontheplaneB.howthewritertriedtostopherselfcryingC.whatthewriterthoughtaboutwhileshecriedD.howthewriterovercameherselfanddecidedtochange【參考答案】CCDAD二、語法選擇。閱讀下面短文，從1~15各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Have

you

ever

felt

uncomfortable?

Many

of

__1___

feel

uneasy

when

someone

stands

too

close

__2__

us,

talks

to

us

too

__3__

or

makes

eye

contact

with

us

for

too

long.

But

have

you

ever

wondered

why

those

things

make

you

uncomfortable?

Itsallaboutpersonalpeace,whichmeansnotonly__4__imaginaryspacearoundthebody,butalsothespacearoundallthe___5___.Peoplefeelthattheirspaceisbeingviolated(侵犯)whentheymeetwithanunwelcomesound,smellorlook.Thisisprobablywhyamanonacrowdedbusshoutingintohismobilephoneorawomannexttoyouputtingonstrongperfume(香水)makesyoufeel__6___.___7___peoplehavehadastrongerwishtoprotecttheirpersonalspaceornotinrecenttimesishardtosay.Yetstudiesofairlinesshowthatpeoplehaveastrongdesire(渴望)tohavespaceto___8___.InasurveybyTripAdvisor,atravelwebsite,people

said

that

if

they

___9___

pay

more

for

some

extra

service,

they

would

rather

have

larger

seats

than

extra

food.

Although

people

may

need

their

personal

space,

some

hardly

realize

it.

For

example,

people

on

a

bus

who

hold

newspapers

__10__their

faces

to

read

in

fact

keep

a

distance

from

strangers.

Go

and

watch

a

library

table.

You

will

notice

__11__

one

of

the

corner

seats

will

usually

__12__

first,

because

they

are

the

farthest

way.

What

if

someone

sits

__13__

you?

Maybe

you

will

pile

up

books

as

if

to

make

a

wall.

Preference(偏好)forpersonalspacearedifferentfromculturetoculture.ScientistshavfoundthatAmericansgenerallyprefermorepersonalspacethanpeoplefrom__14__cultures.InLatin(拉丁人的)cultures,__15__,peoplearemorecomfortablestandingnear

each

other.（）

1.

A.

we

B.

us

C.

our

D.

ours

（）

2.

A.

with

B.

in

C.

to

D.

at

（）

3.

A.

loudness

B.

louder

C.

loudly

D.

loudest

（）

4.

A.

a

B.

an

C.

the

D.

/

（）

5.

A.

sense

B.

senses

C.

sensing

D.

sensings

（）

6.

A.

anger

B.

angry

C.

angers

D.

angrily

（）

7.

A.

Whether

B.

What

C.

That

D.

Which

（）

8.

A.

them

B.

their

C.

themselves

D.

they

（）

9.

A.

has

to

B.

have

to

C.

had

to

D.

having

to

（）

10.

A.

in

the

front

B.

in

front

C.

in

the

front

of

D.

in

frontof

（）

11.

A.

that

B.

what

C.

where

D.

if

（）

12.

A.

be

taken

B.

be

taking

C.

take

D.

takes（）

13.

A.

opposite

with

B.

opposite

to

C.

opposite

at

D.

opposite

for

（）

14.

A.

another

B.

others

C.

other

D.

the

others

（）

15.

A.

but

B.

however

C.

either

D.

although參考答案1-5BCCCB6-10BACCD11-15AABCB三、短文首字母填空。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示完成短文。（每空一詞）Whatcanyoudotokeephealthy?Perhapsforchildren,healthyeatingisoneofthemostimporta