千里之行，始于足下讓知識(shí)帶有溫度。第第2頁(yè)/共2頁(yè)精品文檔推薦中文和英語(yǔ)的區(qū)別SomedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish

Howmanylanguagesintheworld?welltheanswerismorethanwhatyouhavethought,Icanonlytellyouthereare7languagefamiliesintheworld,butitissurethatthereareonly140kindsoflanguagewithausernumberofmorethan100million,amongallthelanguages,Chinesehasmoreusersthananyotherones,accountingforabout1/5oftheworldpopulation.That’salsothereasonwhyChineseisoneofthesixworkinglanguageoftheunitednations,theotherfiveonesbeingEnglish,Russian,german,FrenchandSpanish.Whiletherearealsosomelanguageswhichareonlyusedbythousandsorevenhundredsofpeople,likenativeAmericanIndianlanguage,Chinesehezhelanguage,etc.

SinceChineseandEnglisharethemostfamiliarlanguagestousandtheyarebothplayingaveryinfluencialpartsinworldstage,todayidliketointroducethedifferencesbetweenthem.consideringthattheselanguageshavedevelopedlargelyinseparationfromeachother.ChineseandEnglishdifferintermsofhowtheyarewritten,howtheysound,andtheirgrammaticalstructuresandrules.

1.LanguagesandDialects

Chinesecanbeanambiguousterm.TherearemanydialectsofChinese,includingMandarin,Wu,Min,andCantonese.Chinesecanrefertothelanguagefamilywhichismadeupofthesemanydialects.

"English"isatermthatreferstoasinglelanguage,ratherthanalanguagefamily.TherearedialectsofEnglish,suchasAmericanEnglish,BritishEnglish,andManxEnglish,butthesedialectsarelargelymutuallyintelligible.ThisisunlikeChinesedialects,whichcanbeverydifferentintermsofphonetics,lexicon,andgrammar.

2.WritingSystems

ThefundamentaldifferencebetweentheChineseandEnglishwritingsystemsisthatChineseusesalogographicwritingsystem,whileEnglishusesanalphabeticwritingsystem.Analphabeticwritingsystemisonewhichusesindividualletters—eachofwhichroughlycorrespondstoparticularphonemes—to"spellout"howwordssound.

Alogographicsystemismadeupofvisualsymbolswhichrepresentwordsbutnotsounds.ThismeansthatthepronunciationofChinesecharactersisnotimpliedbythewaythecharacteriswritten.

3.ThePronunciationofChineseandEnglish

Unsurprisingly,someofthesoundsofChineseandEnglisharesimilar.Forexample,b,k,p,d,andt(asexpressedintheHanyuPinyinromanizationsystem)shareessentiallyidenticalpronunciationinbothChineseandEnglish.However,otherChinesesoundssuchasx,ü,andqdonotexistinEnglish'sphoneticinventory.

ManyfullChinesesyllables(suchaspang,xiong,anddun)arenotfoundinEnglish.Likewise,consonantclusters(suchasthoseintrain,backed,andthread)areneverfoundinChinese.

4.ChineseandEnglishGrammarDifferences

UnlikeEnglish,thereisnogrammaticaltenseinChinese.Forexample,whiletheEnglishverb"do"becomes"did"toexpresspasttense,Chineseverbsdonotchangeinthisway.Instead,Chinesereliesonexpressingaspect.Forexample,theaspectparticle"le"canbeusedafteraverborattheendofasentencetoimplythatanactionhasbeencompleted.Expressingcompletionandexpressingtensearedifferentthings.

Chinesedoesnot,ingeneral,pluralizewords.InEnglish,therecanbe"onedog"or"twodogs",

withthe"s"indicatingplural.ButinChinese,thereis"onedog"and"twodog".Thatis,thenoun"dog"(inChinese,gou)doesnotchangewhenthenumberchanges.However,thesuffix"-men"canbeusedinChinesetoindicatepluralinpronounssuchas"he","she",and"it",andinwordssuchas"classmate."

OnemajorsimilaritybetweenEnglishandChineseisthattheyarebothSVOlanguages,astheybothfollowthesamebasicorderofSubject-Verb-Object.Forexample,theEnglishsentence"Ieatpumpkins"hasidenticalstructureinChinese.

5.MoreLanguageDifferences

Englishisalmostalwayswrittenfromlefttoright.However,Chinesecanbewrittenfromtoptobottom,righttoleft,aswellaslefttoright.

Englishhasasignificantnumberofpolysyllabicwords.Forexample,eventheword"polysyllabic"has5syllables.Ontheotherhand,oneChinesecharacterisneverlongerthanonesyllable.ThemajorityofChinesewordsaremadeupoftwocharacters(andthereforetwosyllables),butChinesewordsarenotcommonlytri-orpolysyllabic.

ChineseandEnglishdifferintermsofdialects,orthography,phonetics,grammar,andinmanyotherim