英語四級【第二套】真題和答案完整版PartI

Writing

(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

低級拿分版

Nowadays,therehasbeenaheateddiscussionastotherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.Viewsonthetopicvarygreatlyamongpeoplefromdifferentwalksoflife.Somebelievethatparentsshouldspendmoretimewiththeirchildren,butothersconsideritbettertoaskchildrentoshowmoreunderstandingtowardstheirparents.Ononehand,Iagreewiththeideathataschildren,weshouldshowmoreunderstandingandappreciatetheloveandlifeourparentshaveprovideduswith.Therefore,wecouldhelpourparentsathome,say,sharesomeofthehousework.Furthermore,wecouldalsotellthem“Iloveyou”everydaytothankthem.Ontheotherhand,workingparentsarebusyandhavegreatpressure,soitislikelythattheyneglecttheirkids.Hence,toimprovetheirrelationship,parentscouldsitdownandtalkwiththeirchildren,listentotheirproblems,helpthemandrespectthem.

However,frommyperspective,thisisnotoneman’sjob.Bothparentsandchildrenshouldworktounderstandeachother.Thus,itiscrucialtohaveeffectivecommunication.Onlyinthiswaycantherelationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenbeimproved!

閱讀部分PartIII

ReadingComprehension

(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Weallknowthereexistsagreatvoid（空白）inthepubliceducationalsystemwhenitcomesto

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toSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics)courses.OneeducatornamedDoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingtochangethissystem.Doritaughthighschoolengineeringfor11years.ShenoticedtherewasarealvoidinqualitySTEMeducationatall

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ofthepubliceducationalsystem.Shesaid,“IstartedEngineeringForKids(EFK)afternoticingareallackofmath,scienceandengineeringprogramsto

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myownkidsin.”

Shedecidedtostartanafterschoolprogramwherechildren

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inSTEM-basedcompetitions.Theclubgrewquicklyandwhenitreached180membersandthekidsintheprogramwonseveralstate

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,shedecidedtodevoteallhertimetocultivatingand

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it.TheglobalbusinessEFKwasborn.

DoribeganoperatingEFKoutofherVirginiahome,whichshethenexpandedto

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recreationcenters.Today,theEFKprogram

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over144branchesin32stateswithintheUnitedStatesandin21countries.Saleshavedoubledfrom$5millionin2014to$10millionin2015,with25newbranchesplannedfor2016.TheEFKwebsitestates,“Ournationisnot

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enoughengineers.Ourphilosophyistoinspirekidsatayoungagetounderstandthatengineeringisagreat

35

.”

答案：

26.G)exposure

27.L)levels

28.F)enroll

29.O)participated

30.C)championships

31.E)developing

32.M)local

33.N)operates

34.J)graduating

35.B)career

SectionB

Direction:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2.Whyaren’tyoucuriousaboutwhathappened?A)

“YoususpendedRayRiceafterourvideo,”areporterfromTMZchallengedNationalFootballLeagueCommissionerRogerGoodelltheotherday.”Whydidn’tyouhavethecuriositytogotothecasino(賭場)yourself?”Theimplicationofthequestionisthatamorecuriouscommissionerwouldhavefoundawaytogetthetape.B)

Theaccusationofincuriosityisonethatwehearoften,carryingthesuggestionthatthereissomethingwrongwithnotwantingtosearchoutthetruth.“Ihavebeenbotheredforalongtimeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriosity,”saidaDemocraticmemberoftheNewJerseylegislaturebackinJuly,referringtoaninsufficientlyinquiringattitudeonthepartofanassistanttoNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiewhochosenottoaskhardquestionsabouttheGeorgeWashingtonBridgetrafficscandal.“Isn’tthemainstreammediatheleastbitcuriousaboutwhathappened?”wroteconservativewriterJenniferRubinearlierthisyear,referringtotheattackonAmericansinBenghazi,Libya.C)

Theimplication,ineachcase,isthatcuriosityisagoodthing,andalackofcuriosityisaproblem.Aresuchaccusationssimplyeffortstoscorepoliticalpointsforone’sparty?Oristheresomethingofparticularvalueaboutcuriosityinandofitself?D)

ThejournalistIanLeslie,inhisnewandenjoyablebookCurious:TheDesiretoKnowandWhyYourFutureDependsonIt,insiststhattheanswertothatlastquestionis“Yes”.Lesliearguesthatcuriosityisamuch-overlookedhumanvirtue,crucialtooursuccess,andthatwearelosingit.E)

Wearesuffering,hewrites,froma“serendipitydeficit.”Theword“serendipity”wascoinedbyHoraceWalpoleinan1854letter,fromataleofthreeprinceswho“werealwaysmakingdiscoveries,byaccident,ofthingstheywerenotinsearchof.”LeslieworriesthattheriseoftheInternet,amongothersocialandtechnologicalchanges,hasreducedourappetiteforaimlessadventures.Nolongerhavewetheinclinationtoletourselveswanderthroughfieldsofknowledge,readytobesurprised.Instead,weseekonlytheinformationwewant.

F)

Whyisthisaproblem?Becausewithoutcuriositywewilllosethespiritofinnovationandentrepreneurship.Wewillseeunimaginativegovernmentsanddyingcorporationsmakedisastrousdecisions.Wewillloseavitalpartofwhathasmadehumanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.G)

Lesliepresentsconsiderableevidenceforthepropositionthatthesocietyasawholeisgrowinglesscurious.IntheU.S.andEurope,forexample,theriseoftheInternethasledtoadecliningconsumptionofnewsfromoutsidethereader’sborders.Butnoteverythingistobeblamedontechnology.ThedeclineininterestinliteraryfictionisalsooneofthecausesidentifiedbyLeslie.Readingliteraryfiction,hesays,makeusmorecurious.H)

Moreover,inordertobecurious,”youhavetoawareofagapinyourknowledgeinthefirstplace.”AlthoughLeslieperhapspaintsabitbroadlyincontendingthatmostofusareunawareofhowmuchwedon’tknow,he’ssurelyrighttopointoutthattheproblemisgrowing:”Googlecangiveusthepowerfulillusionthatallquestionshavedefiniteanswers.”I)

Indeed,Google,forwhichLeslieexpressesadmiration,isalsohisfrequentwhippingboy（替罪羊）.HequotesGoogleco-founderLarryPagetotheeffectthatthe“perfectsearchengine”will“understandexactlywhatImeanandgivemebackexactlywhatIwant.”Elsewhereinthebook.

Lesliewrites：“Googleaimstosaveyoufromthethirstofcuriosityaltogether.”J)

Somewhatnostalgically（懷舊地），hequoteJohnMaynardKeynes’sjustlyfamouswordsofpraisetothebookstore:”O(jiān)neshouldenteritvaguely,almostinadream,andallowwhatistherefreelytoattractandinfluencetheeye.Towalktheroundsofthebookshops,dippinginascuriositydictates,shouldbeanafternoon’sentertainment.”Ifonly!K)

Citingtheworkofpsychologistsandcognitive（認知的）scientists,Lesliecriticizesthereceivedwisdomthatacademicsuccessistheresultofacombinationofintellectualtalentandhardwork.Curiosity,heargues,isthethirdkeyfactor—andadifficultonetopreserve.Ifnotcultivated,itwillnotsurvive：“Childhoodcuriosityisacollaborationbetweenchildandadult.Thesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.”L)

Schooleducation,hewarns,isoftenconductedinawaythatmakeschildrenincurious.Childrenofeducatedandupper-middle-classparentsturnouttobefarmorecurious,evenatearlyages,thanchildrenofworkingclassandlowerclassfamilies.Thatlackofcuriosityproducesarelativelackofknowledge,andthelackofknowledgeisdifficultifnotimpossibletocompensateforlateron.M)

AlthoughLeslie’sbookisn’taboutpolitics,hedoesn’tentirelyshyawayfromtheproblem.Politicalleaders,likeleadersofotherorganizations,shouldbecurious.Theyshouldaskquestionsatcrucialmoments.Thereareseriousconsequences,hewarns,innotwantingtoknow.

N)

HepresentsasanexamplethefailureoftheGeogreW.Bushadministrationtoprepareproperlyfortheafter-effectsoftheinvasionofIraq.AccordingtoLeslie,thosewhoridiculedformerDefenseSecretaryDonaldRumsfeldforhis2002remarkthatwehavetobewaryofthe“unknownunknowns”weremistaken.Rumsfeld’sidea,Lesliewrites,“wasn'tabsurd—itwassmart.”Headds,“Thetragedyisthathedidn'tfollowhisownadvice.”O(jiān))

AllofwhichbringsusbacktoGoodellandtheChristiecaseandBenghazi.Eachcriticinthoseexamplesischarging,inadifferentway,thatsomeoneinauthorityisintentionallybeingincurious.Ileaveittothereader'spoliticalpreferencetodecidewhich,ifany,chargesshouldstick.Butlet’sbecarefulaboutdemandingcuriosityabouttheotherside’sweaknessesandremainingdeterminedlyincuriousaboutourown.Weshouldbedelightedtopursueknowledgeforitsownsake—evenwhenwhatwefindoutissomethingwedidn'tparticularlywanttoknow.36.Tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon’tknow.37.AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoone’ssuccess.38.Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssake.39.Politicalleaders’lackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.40.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticians’andthemedia’slackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.41.Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.42.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.43.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.44.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeople’sdecliningcuriosity.45.Mankindwouldn’tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.答案：

H)36.Tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon’tknow.

D)37.AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoone’ssuccess.

O)38.Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssake.

M)39.Politicalleaders’lackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.

B)40.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticians’andthemedia’slackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.

L)41.Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.

K)42.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.

J)43.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.

G)44.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeople’sdecliningcuriosity.

F)45.Mankindwouldn’tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatement.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne

Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.”

Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.

BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.

“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制藥的)industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,”hesaid.

“Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan’tcontrol,”hesaid.“INacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”

Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandthatagingiscurable.”

“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,”headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.”

LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.

“There’remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,”Hayflicksaid.“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.”46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?

A)Itshouldcausenotalarmwhatsoever.

B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.

C)Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.

D)Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?

A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated.

C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.

B)Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.

D)Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof"describingagingasadisease"?

A)Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.

B)Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.

C)Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.

D)Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.49.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?

A)Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.

B)Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.

C)Theycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimitedextent.

D)Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeople’sagingprocess.50.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?

A)Thehumanlifespancannotheprolonged.

B)Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.

C)Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.

D)Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.答案：

46.B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.

47.A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated.

48.D)Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.

49.C)Theycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimitedextent.

50.A)Thehumanlifespancannotheprolonged.PassageTwo

Question51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.

Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries.Havemorementoring(指導),andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.Studiesshowthey’realsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.

“Say,youknow,thisisthebeststudentI'veeverhad,"saysKuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversity'sLamontcampus.“Comparethoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoadletter:’Thecandidatewasproductive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomething

that'sclearlysolidpraise,’butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.”

Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.Theywerealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationsfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.

Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsoftheapplicantsusingthedatainthefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscienceareatapotentialdisadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheircareersstartingwiththoselessthanoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.

“We’renottryingtoassignblameorcriticizeanyoneorcallanyoneconsciouslysexist.Rather,thepointistousetheresultsofthisstudytoopenupmeaningfuldialoguesonimplicitgenderbias,beitatadepartmentalleveloraninstitutionallevelorevenadisciplinelevel.”Whichmayleadtosomerecommendationsfortheletterwriterthemselves.51.Whatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences?

A)Therearemanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.

B)Chancesforwomentogetthepositionsarescarce.

C)Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.

D)Maleapplicantshavemoreinterestinthesepositionsthantheirfemalecounterparts.52.Whatdostudiesaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearchshow?

A)Womenengagedinpostdoctoralworkarequicklycatchingup.

B)Fewerwomenareapplyingforpostdoctoralpositionsduetogenderbias.

C)MenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.

D)WomenwhoarekeenlyinterestedinSTEMfieldsareoftenexceptional.53.Whatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendationletterforwomenapplicants?

A)Theyarehardlyeversupportedbyconcreteexamples.

B)Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.

C)Theyprovideobjectiveinformationwithoutexaggeration.

D)Theyareoftenfilledwithpraiseforexceptionalapplicants.54.WhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersofrecommendation?

A)Theyaskedunbiasedscholarstoevaluatethem.

B)Theyinvitedwomenprofessionalstoeditthem.

C)Theyassignedthemrandomlytoreviewers.

D)Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.55.WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudy?

A)Raiserecommendationwriters’awarenessofgenderbiasintheirletters.

B)Openupfreshavenuesforwomenpost-doctorstojoininreaserachwork.

C)AlertwomenresearcherstoalltypesofgenderbiasintheSTEMdisciplines.

D)Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomen’sstatusinacademiccircles.答案：

51.C)Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.

52.C)MenarebelievedtobetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.

53.B)Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.

54.D)Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.

55.A)Raiserecommendationwriters'awarenessofgenderbiasintheirletters.PartⅣ

Translation

(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish,YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.黃山位于安徽省南部。它風景獨特，尤以其日出和云海著稱.。要欣賞大山的宏偉壯麗，通常得向上看。但要欣賞黃山美景，就得向下看。黃山的濕潤氣候有利于茶樹生長，是中國主要產(chǎn)茶地之一。這里還有許多溫泉，其泉水有助于防治皮膚病。黃山是中國主要旅游目的地之一，也是攝影和傳統(tǒng)國畫最受歡迎的主題?！净A(chǔ)版】

MountHuangisinsouthernAnhuiprovince.Ithasauniquesceneryanditisespeciallyfamousforitssunriseandseaofclouds.Toenjoythegreatnessofamountain,usuallyyouneedtolookupwards.ButtoenjoythebeautifulsceneryofMountHuang,youneedtolookdownwards.ThehumidclimateinMountHuangisgoodforgrowingteatrees.ItisoneofthemaingrowingareasofteainChina.Therearealsomanyhotspringswhichhelppreventskin