專練（二）主旨大意題

強化訓練］——I標題歸納類

A

（2018?臨沂市高三教學質(zhì)量檢測）

Asmyhusband,Doug,stoodonthebusyNewYorkcitystreettrying

tostopacab,Iangledthestroller（嬰兒車）awayfromthecoldDecember

windandrain.Ikneltdownandkissedmydaughteronhercheekwhere

veinscreptup（靜脈突出）thesideofhertinyface.

Frustratedandwet,myhusbandgaveuphisattempttoflagdowna

cab.Iknewthefeeling.Justafterherfirstbirthday,ourdaughterKatiewas

diagnosedwithararebraindisorder.Sincethatmoment,DougandIfelt

likerunnersinamarathonracewherethefinishlinekept

disappearing.WeknewKatiewasrunningoutoftime.lthadtakenmonths

beforewefinallyhadanameforthedisorder，veinofGalen

malformation,butweweretoldonlyahandfulofspecialistsintheworld

werequalifiedtoperformtheprecisesurgeries.Now,aswefinallyfound

abrilliantdoctortosaveourgirl,weweretrappedinastrangecityinthe

coldrain.

Justatthemoment,amiddle-agedwomanpulledoverandsaid,

“Pardonme?MayIofferyouaride?"

Beforewecouldsayanything,shecontinued,"It'sreallynotrouble

forme.Justgeton.”

ItwasthenthatInoticedherthickIrishtongue,anaccentthat

warmedmelikehotsoup.

Wecouldsimplysay,uThanks!RooseveltHospital,please,and

settledinhercarfortheride.

Idon'tknowhowsheknew,maybeshenoticedtheveinsandasked,

“Areyougoingforthebaby?”

Inoddedmyhead,chokingbackatinysob.

Atthehospitalwethankedheradozentimesfortheride.The

womanhuggedmeandInoticedherfacewaswetwithtearsinworry.She

promisedtoprayforusbeforesheleft.

AfterthreemorevisitstoNewYorkandtwomorebrainsurgeries,

Katieiscured.ButthevoiceoftheIrishAngelstillrangasaconstant

reminderofatinyrayoflightthatappearedonourdarkestdays.

1.Whatwerethefamilydoingonthestreet?

A.Watchingamarathonrace.

B.Protectingtheirdaughterfromcold.

C.Tryingtorideataxi.

D.Playingwiththeirdaughter.

2.WhatwasthetroublewithKatie'sillness?

A.Itwasaterriblebraincancer.

B.Itwasimpossibletobecured.

C.Itwashardtonamethedisease.

D.Itssurgerieswerehardtoperform.

3.Whywasthewomandriverintearswhenleaving?

A.Becausesheknewthegirlhadrunoutoftime.

B.Becauseshehadsympathyforthefamily'smisfortune.

C.Becausethefamilypromisedtoprayforher.

D.Becausetherewereveinsonthelittlegirl'sface.

4.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.AnIrishAngelinNewYork

B.AnAdventureinNewYork

C.AnAngelofRooseveltHospital

D.AnUnforgettableCabRide

【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者的女兒患了一種罕見的腦

紊亂，可世上能做這種精準手術(shù)的醫(yī)生屈指可數(shù)。作者一家來到紐約

求醫(yī)，卻在雨天打不到出租車。后來在一名素不相識的帶有愛爾蘭口

音的好心人的幫助下趕到了醫(yī)院。最終經(jīng)過幾次手術(shù)女兒康復了。

長難句分析：Ithadtakenmonthsbeforewefinallyhadanamefor

thedisorder,veinofGalenmalformation,butweweretoldonlyahandful

ofspecialistsintheworldwerequalifiedtoperformtheprecise

surgeries.（第二段倒數(shù)第二句）

譯文：過了幾個月我們才最終得知這個病的名字是Galen靜脈畸

形，但是世上能夠具備做這種精準手術(shù)資歷的醫(yī)生屈指可數(shù)。

詞匯積累：frustrateda力.沮喪的，絕望的

preciseadj.精準的ahandfulof一小部分，少量的

1.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的utryingtostopa

cab”及第二段第一句uFrustratedandwet,myhusbandgaveuphis

attempttoflagdownacab."可知，他們在街頭努力打一輛出租車。故

選C。

2.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的“butwewere

toldonlyahandfulofspecialistsintheworldwerequalifiedtoperform

theprecisesurgeries”可知，治療Katie的病的手術(shù)很難做。故選D。

3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二、三句"Thewoman

huggedmeandInoticedherfacewaswetwithtearsinworry.She

promisedtoprayforusbeforesheleft.”可推知，這位女司機了解了孩

子的病情后，對這一家人的不幸遭遇表示同情。故選B。

4.A標題概括題。縱觀全文，從開頭描寫在紐約街頭作者一

家攔車無果到最后孩子的得救，中間的一個核心人物就是素不相識的

愛爾蘭女人。在作者夫婦眼中，這個女人就是他們的天使。故“紐約

的愛爾蘭天使”符合題意。故選A。

B

（2018?河北衡水中學高三下學期模擬考試）

Ifyou'remakingdeterminationforahealthiernewyear,considera

gutmakeover（腸道清理）.Changingyourmicrobecommunity（微生物

群），however,maynotbeeasy,andnobodyknowshowlongitmight

take.That'sbecausetheecosystemalreadyestablishedinyourgut

determineshowitabsorbsandprocessesnutrients.Soifthemicrobe

communityinyourguthasbeenshapedbyadailydietofhamburgersand

pizza,forexample,itwon'trespondasquicklytoahealthydietasagut

shapedbyvegetablesandfruitsthathasamorevariedmicrobe

community.

“Thenutritionalvalueoffoodisinfluencedinpartbythemicrobe

communitythatencountersthatfood,“saidDrJeffreyGordon,the

seniorauthorofthenewpaperanddirectoroftheCenterforGenome

ScienceandSystemsBiologyattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolof

MedicineinSt.Louis."Nutritionalcomponentsofahealthydiethaveto

beviewedfromtheinsideout,“hesaid,unotjusttheoutsidein.”

Oneofthequestionsthestudysetouttoanswerwashowindividuals

withdifferentdietsrespondwhentheytrytoimprovetheireating

habits.Thescientistsharvestedgutbacteriafromhumans,transplanted

themintomicebredundergerm-freeconditions,andthenfedthemice

eitherAmerican-styleorplant-baseddiets.Thescientiststhenanalyzed

changesinthemice'smicrobecommunities.

Ofinterest,thescientistsharvestedthegutbacteriafrompeoplewho

followedsharplydifferentdiets.OnegroupateafairlytypicalAmerican

diet,consumingabout3000caloriesaday,highinanimalproteinswith

fewfruitsandvegetables.Someoftheirfavoritefoodswereprocessed

cheeseandlunchmeat.Theothergroupconsistedofpeoplewhowere

calorie-restricted.Theyatelessthan1800caloriesadayandhadcarefully

trackedwhattheyateforatleasttwoyears,stickingtoamostly

plant-baseddietandconsumingfarlessanimalproteinthantheother

group,athirdfewercarbohydrates（碳水化合物）andonlyhalfthefat.This

calorie-restrictedgroup,theresearchersfound,hadafarricherandmore

diversemicrobecommunityinthegutthanthoseeatingatypical

Americandiet.Theyalsocarriedseveralkindsof"good"bacteria,

knowntopromotehealth,thatareuniquetotheirplant-baseddiet.

uPerhapsthebestwaytoshapeahealthiermicrobecommunityis

toeatmorefiberbyconsumingmorefruit,vegetables,wholegrains,and

nutsorseeds,“saidMeghanJardine,adietitianwhowasnotinvolved

inthecurrentstudybuthaspublishedarticlesonpromotinghealthy

microbecommunities.Sheurgespeopletoaimfor40to50gramsoffiber

daily，wellabovelevelsrecommendedbymostdietaryguidelines.

5.Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Changingmicrobiomeisfairlyeasy.

B.Ecosystemingutisshapedbycarbohydrates.

C.Nutritionalcomponentsaredeterminedbyfoodintake.

D.Astohealthydiets,microbecommunityshapedbyvegetables

andfruitrespondmorequicklythanthatshapedbyjunkfood.

6.WhatcanwelearnaboutMeghanJardine?

A.Shesuggestseatingaslittleaspossible.

B.Sheattachesgreatimportancetofiber.

C.Sheisoneoftheresearchersofthecurrentstudy.

D.Sheadvocatesconsumingmoremeatindailylife.

7.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardgutmakeover?

A.Concerned.B.Opposed.

C.Indifferent.D.Nervous.

8.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Microbecommunityinourgut

B.Agutmakeoverforthenewyear

C.Dietaryguidelinesfordailydiets

D.Thebestwaytowardsahealthiermicrobecommunity

【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了清理腸道的原

因及具體做法。

長難句分析：Theyalsocarriedseveralkindsof"good"bacteria,

knowntopromotehealth,thatareuniquetotheirplant-baseddiet.（第四

段最后一句）

分析：這是一個復合句。knowntopromotehealth是過去分詞作

后置定語，修飾bacteria;that引導的是定語從句，修飾先行詞bacteria。

譯文：它們還攜帶好幾種已知能促進健康的有益菌，這些有益菌

是他們吃的素食中獨有的。

詞匯積累：determination6決心establisho.建立absorb。.吸

收componentn.組成部分transplant。.移植consumev.消費，

消耗

5.D推理判斷題。Soifthemicrobecommunityinyourguthas

beenshapedbyadailydietofhamburgersandpizza,forexample,it

won'trespondasquicklytoahealthydietasagutshapedbyvegetables

andfruitsthathasamorevariedmicrobecommunity.（第一段最后一句）

譯文：所以如果你腸道里的微生物群是由漢堡和披薩組成的日常

飲食塑造而成，它產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)的速度就不會像一個由蔬菜和水果塑造的

腸道那么快，因為后者擁有更多樣化的微生物群。

解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可推知，對于健康飲食，由蔬菜和水果形

成的微生物群比垃圾食品形成的微生物群起效快。故選D。

6.B細節(jié)理解題。Perhapsthebestwaytoshapeahealthier

microbecommunityistoeatmorefiberbyconsumingmorefruit,

vegetables,wholegrains,andnutsorseeds...（最后一段第一句）

譯文：或許形成更健康的微生物群的最佳方式是通過吃更多的水

果、蔬菜、全麥食品以及堅果或植物種子來攝入更多纖維……

解題思路：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，MeghanJardine認為纖維很重要。

故選Bo

7.A觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)作者在第二段引用的華盛頓大學醫(yī)學

院JeffreyGordon博士的話以及最后一段引用的營養(yǎng)師Meghan

Jardine的話可推斷出，作者很關(guān)注腸道清理。A項意為“關(guān)心的”；

B項意為“反對的”；C項意為“漠不關(guān)心的”；D項意為“緊張

的”。故選A。

8.B標題概括題。第一段就點明了文章的主題，即“進行腸

道清理可以讓人更健康”。接下來的四段內(nèi)容都是圍繞腸道清理這個

主題，包括清理腸道的原因、所做的實驗以及如何清理腸道。B項能

概括文章的主題，適合做標題。故選B。

C

（2017?2018?第一學期福州市聯(lián)考）

IfacitywantstoholdtheOlympics,itmustsubmitaproposaltothe

IOC.Afterallproposalshavebeensubmitted,theIOCvotes.Ifnocity

withthefewestvotesiseliminated（淘汰），thevotingcontinues,untila

majoritywinnerisdetermined.Typically,theGamesareawardedseveral

yearsinadvance,allowingthewinningcitytimetoprepareforthe

Games.

InselectingthesiteoftheOlympicGames,theIOCconsidersa

numberoffactors，andchieflyamongthemiswhichorganizing

committeeseemsmostlikelytostagetheGameseffectively.TheIOCalso

considerswhichpartsoftheworldhavenotyethostedtheGames.For

instance,Tokyo,thehostofthe1964SummerGames,andBeijing,that

ofthe2008Games,werechoseninparttopopularizetheOlympic

movementinAsia.Becauseofthegrowingimportanceoftelevision

worldwide,theIOCinrecentyearshasalsotakenintoaccountthehost

city'stimezone.WhenevertheGamestakeplaceintheUSAorCanada,

forexample,Americantelevisionnetworksarewillingtopayspecially

higheramountsfortelevisionrightsbecausetheycanbroadcastpopular

eventsliveinthebestviewinghours.

OncetheGameshavebeenawarded,itisthedutyofthelocal

organizingcommittee—nottheIOCortheNOCofthehostcity'scountry

toprovidethemwithmoney.ThisisoftendonewithapartoftheOlympic

televisionrevenues（收入），andcorporatesponsorships,ticketssales,and

othersmallerrevenuesources.Inmanycasesthereisalsodirect

governmentsupport.Althoughmanycitieshavegainedamountsofmoney

byhostingtheGames,theOlympicscanbefinanciallyrisky.Ifthe

financialgainsfromtheGamesarelessthanexpected,thecitywillbeleft

withlargedebts.

9.willbedeterminedtohosttheOlympicGamesbythe

IOC.

A.Acitythatsubmitsaproposal

B.Amajoritywinnerinvoting

C.Acitythathasperfecttimezone

D.Onethathasn'thostedtheGames

10.IftheGamestakeplaceinCanada,Americantelevision

networks.

A.willnotpayfortheCanadiantelevisionnetworks

B.willbeforbiddentobroadcastlivesportingevents

C.can'tbroadcastpopulareventsliveinthebestviewinghours

D.arewillingtopaymuchhigheramountsfortelevisionrights

11.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichfollowingstatementis

true?

A.Thehostcitymustbeleftwithlargedebts.

B.ThereisnofinancialriskinhostingtheOlympicGames.

C.Thecitymaygainalotofmoney.

D.Itisimpossiblethatthehostcitycouldn'tmakemoney.

12.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Winnerorloser

B.ApplyingforhostfortheOlympics

C.HowtohosttheOlympicGames

D.TheOlympicGames

【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了申辦奧運會的流程。

【難句分析】WhenevertheGamestakeplaceintheUSAor

Canada,forexample,Americantelevisionnetworksarewillingtopay

speciallyhigheramountsfortelevisionrightsbecausetheycanbroadcast

populareventsliveinthebestviewinghours.

分析：該句為主從復合句。句中WhenevertheGamestakeplacein

theUSAorCanada為whenever引導的時間狀語從句；becausetheycan

broadcastpopulareventsliveinthebestviewinghours為because弓I導的

原因狀語從句。

譯文：例如，奧運會無論在美國或者在加拿大何時舉辦，美國電

視網(wǎng)絡(luò)都愿意為電視轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)支付特別高的費用，因為他們可以在最佳

觀看時間直播受歡迎的（體育）賽事。

9.B考查細節(jié)理解。第一段主要介紹了產(chǎn)生主辦城市的規(guī)則，

根據(jù)第一段第二、三句"Afterallproposalshavebeensubmitted,the

IOCvotes.Ifnocitywiththefewestvotesiseliminated（淘汰），thevoting

continues,untilamajoritywinnerisdeterminedv可知，在所有提案提

交后，國際奧委會投票。如果沒有得票最少的城市被淘汰，則投票繼

續(xù)，直到確定主辦城市。據(jù)此可知，得票數(shù)最多的城市由國際奧委會

確定為奧運會主辦城市，故B項正確。

10.D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句"Wheneverthe

GamestakeplaceintheUSAorCanada...becausetheycanbroadcast

populareventsliveinthebestviewinghours”可知，奧運會無論在美國

或者在加拿大何時舉辦，美國電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)都愿意為電視轉(zhuǎn)播權(quán)支付特別

高的費用，因為他們可以在最佳觀看時間直播受歡迎的（體育）賽事，

故D項正確。

11.C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段可知，主辦城市能獲得奧運

會電視轉(zhuǎn)播、企業(yè)贊助等收入，故主辦城市可能會獲得許多資金，故

C項正確。A、D項與文中最后一段的"Ifthefinancial…largedebts”

內(nèi)容不符；根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句"Although...theOlympicscanbe

financiallyrisky”可知，盡管許多城市通過舉辦奧運會獲得了大量資

金，但奧運會可能存在財政風險，故B項錯誤。

12.B考查標題判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了申辦奧

運會的流程：先向國際奧委會提交提案，國際奧委會根據(jù)規(guī)則和實際

情況投票選擇主辦城市，一旦確定主辦城市，則該城市應(yīng)積極準備。

故B項最適合作本文的標題。

強化訓練2—|文章大意類

A

（2018?惠州市第二次調(diào)研）

WhenIwasaboytherewerenosmartphones,andourtelevision

onlygotonechannelclearly.StilLIwasneverbored.Thefields,hills,

andwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplayground.Ican

rememberoncehikingtoanearbylake.AtthebacksideofitIwasamazed

tofindanolddirtroadthatIhadneverseenbefore.ltwasfullofmuddy

tracksanddeepwoodsbordereditonbothsides,butexploringitstill

seemedlikeafineadventure.

Iwalkedonandonforhours.Iwassuremyguardianangelwas

whisperinginmyear“Turnaroundandheadbackhome^^,butIwas

stubborn,soIwalkedon.Therewasstillneitheracarnorahousein

sight.InoticedthatthesunwasstartingtogodownandIgrewscared.I

didn'twanttoenduptrappedonthisroad，andIwasworriedthatitwould

bedarkbeforeIcouldmakemywaybacktothelakeagain.

Icontinuedtowalkonwithsomethinggrowinginsideofme.My

heartwaspoundingandmylegswereaching.IwasalmostintearswhenI

turnedonelastcurveandsawsomethinginthedistance.ltwasahouse

thatIrecognized.Ijumpedupanddownandlaughedoutloud.ltwasstill

overamileawaybutmylegsfeltlikefeathersandIhurriedbacktomy

houseinnotimedwalkedinwithabigsmileonmyfacejustintimefor

dinner.

IrememberedthisrecentlywhenIsawasignthatsaid“Allroads

leadhomeM.Itistrue.Inlife,allroads,nomatterhowtheytwistand

turn,canleadushomeagain.Whatisimportant,though,ishowwetravel

them.Arewegoingtogoforthinfearorarewegoingtogoforthin

faith?Arewegoingtomakethislifeaterribletriporarewegoingto

makethislifeajoyfuljourney?Thechoiceisours.

1.Whydidtheauthorhardlyfeelboredwhenhewasyoung?

A.Becausehecouldhavefuninnature.

B.BecausehecouldwatchTVallday.

C.Becausehehadmanyfriends.

D.Becauseheusedtoexploretheolddirtroad.

2.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhewasexploringthedirtroad?

A.Hethoughthewouldbescoldedbyhisparents.

B.Hefeltcontradictoryinmind.

C.Hethoughthewouldbetrappedinthewoods.

D.Hewasunconscious.

3.Whatdoes“something“probablymeaninParagraph3?

A.Doubt.B.Hope.

C.Courage.D.Fear.

4.Whatdoestheauthormainlyintendtotellus?

A.Alwaysmakechoicesonourown.

B.Allroadsleadhome.

C.It'sourattitudethatmattersinourlife.

D.Everyeffortisworthwhile.

【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者回憶了自己童年時期的快

樂的時光，并通過童年時經(jīng)歷的一件事告訴我們，人生中最重要的是

對待生活的態(tài)度。

【難句分析】Whatisimportant,though,ishowwetravelthem.Are

wegoingtogoforthinfearorarewegoingtogoforthinfaith?Arewe

goingtomakethislifeaterribletriporarewegoingtomakethislifea

joyfuljourney?

分析：第一句包含what引導的主語從句，how引導的表語從句；

后兩句為表示選擇關(guān)系的一般疑問句。

譯文：然而（生命中）重要的是我們?nèi)绾巫哌^這些路。我們要懷著

恐懼前行還是要懷著信心前行？我們想讓自己的人生成為一次糟糕

的旅行還是一段快樂的旅程呢？

1.A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thefields,hills,and

woodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplayground.Icanremember

oncehikingtoanearbylake”可知,在童年時期，作者可以到大自然

中盡情地玩耍，所以不會覺得無聊。

2.B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Iwassuremyguardian

angelwaswhisperinginmyear'Turnaroundandheadbackhome',butI

wasstubborn,soIwalkedon”可知，在探險之初，作者雖想放棄，

但還是選擇了繼續(xù)走下去；根據(jù)下文可知，作者雖然擔心害怕，但仍

然繼續(xù)前行。由此可推知，在探險過程中他的內(nèi)心是矛盾的。

3.D考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Igrewscared”及

第三段中的"Myheartwaspoundingandmylegswereaching”可推

知，由于天越來越黑，作者一直未能找到回家的路，他的內(nèi)心越來越

恐懼。由此可推知，something在此指“恐懼”。故選D。

4.C考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Whatisimportant,

though,ishowwetravelthem.Arewegoingtogoforthinfearorarewe

goingtogoforthinfaith?Arewegoingtomakethislifeaterribletripor

arewegoingtomakethislifeajoyfuljourney”可知,作者想要告標我

們的是生活中態(tài)度才是重要的。根據(jù)最后一段的敘述可知，作者將表

達的重心放在了“如何走人生之路”，其中fear,faith,terrible,joyful

體現(xiàn)的均是心境和態(tài)度，無關(guān)“誰來做選擇”，或者“所有的路都能

回家”，所以排除A和B。

B

（2018?南寧市摸底考試）

Itusedtobeoneoftheworld'smostsplendidtrainstations,sitting

ontheFrench-Spanishborder-butthenitfellintodisrepair.Now,writes

ChrisBockman,thebuildingisshowingnewsignsoflife.

Thetrainstationwasbuiltinironandglass,completewitha

hospital,arestaurantandlivingquartersforcustomsofficersfromboth

FranceandSpain.AtthetimeitwasnicknamedtheuTitanicofthe

Mountainsv.

Butafterthedaythestationwasopenedin1928bytheFrench

presidentandtheSpanishking,flawsquicklybecameobvious.Therail

gauges（軌品巨）weredifferent,sopassengersstillhadtochangetrains.lt

madetransportinggoodstooslow.Intheearly1930s,asfewas50

passengersadaywereusingthestation.Andthenthingsgotworse.During

theSpanishCivilWar,thetunnelsontheSpanishsideweresealedoffto

preventRepublicanrebels（反叛者）frombringingweaponsin.Later,the

Frenchlostinterestintheline.WhenatrainderailedontheFrenchsidein

1970,thatsignaledthatFranceabandonedtheline.

Thegrandbuildingitselfwenttorot.Thetracksrusted,theceilings

fellinwiththeseverewinterweatherandvandalism（故意破壞財物的行

為）didtherest.

ButafewyearsagothelocalgovernmentinAragondecidedtobuy

theplaceandrestoreit,claimingitwasamajorpartofSpanish

history.TheFrenchgovernmenthasagreedtoreopenthelineonitsside

too.Ifallgoestoplan,the“TitanicoftheMountains“couldbebackin

businesswithinfiveyearsbeforetheendof2022.ltisreportedthatthe

massivewoodenticketcountersatthestationhavealreadybeenrestored.

5.Thefollowingfactorscontributedtotheshutdownofthetrain

stationEXCEPT.

A.itspoorappearance

B.differentgauges

C.theSpanishCivilWar

D.slowtransportingspeed

6.Whenthetrainstationreopens,itmaycelebrateits

anniversary.

A.52ndB.72nd

C.94thD.89th

7.Whatwillprobablyhappentothetrainstation?

A.Itwillberepaired.

B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.

C.Itwillbeknockeddown.

D.ItwillbesoldtotheFrenchgovernment.

8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheDesignofaTrainStation

B.TheWarBetweenFranceandSpain

C.TheHistoryofaTrainStation

D.TheaTitanicoftheMountainsvComingBack

【解題導語】本文講述了法國和西班牙邊境的一座火車站的歷史

變遷。

【難句分析】ButafewyearsagothelocalgovernmentinAragon

decidedtobuytheplaceandrestoreit,claimingitwasamajorpartof

Spanishhistory.

分析：這是一個復雜的簡單句。buytheplace與restoreit是并列

的不定式短語，作decided的賓語；claimingitwasamajorpartof

Spanishhistory是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，claiming后是一個賓語從句。

譯文：但是幾年前，阿拉貢的當?shù)卣疀Q定買下這個地方并且恢

復它，聲稱它是西班牙歷史的重要一部分。

5.A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Therailgauges（軌

距）weredifferent,sopassengersstillhadtochangetrainsv可知,軌距不

同是造成火車站關(guān)閉的原因之一；根據(jù)第三段中的“Duringthe

SpanishCivilWar,thetunnelsontheSpanishsideweresealedoffto

preventRepublicanrebels（反叛者）frombringingweaponsin”可知，西

班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是造成火車站關(guān)閉的原因之一；根據(jù)第三段中的“Itmade

transportinggoodstooslow”可知，運輸速度慢是造成火車站關(guān)閉的原

因之一。故選項A不是造成火車站關(guān)閉的原因，所以選A。

6.C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Butafterthedaythe

stationwasopenedin1928”和第五段中的“Ifallgoestoplan,

the'TitanicoftheMountains'couldbebackinbusinesswithinfive

yearsbeforetheendof2022”可以計算出：2022—1928=94（年），當其

恢復使用時可以慶祝其94周年紀念日，所以選C。

7.A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段首句"Butafewyearsagothe

localgovernmentinAragondecidedtobuytheplaceandrestoreit”可

知，幾年前阿拉貢的當?shù)卣徺I并且恢復該火車站。restore意為

“使恢復，修復”，所以選A。

8.D考查主旨大意。根據(jù)全文尤其是第一段中的"thebuilding

isshowingnewsignsoflife”和第五段中的"Ifallgoestoplan,

the'TitanicoftheMountains，couldbeback”可知，選項D能夠概括

全文，所以選D。

c

（2018?貴陽市摸底考試）

Pollution'sseriouseffectsontheenvironmenthavebecomemore

obviousinrecentyears.Mostscientistsagreethateffortsarenecessaryto

protectourenvironmentfromfurtherharm.

Asweknow,theconstructionindustryconsumesalargequantityof

energyandresourcesandcreatesahugeamountofpollution.Sogreen

buildingsareingreatneed.

Theenvironmentalbenefitsofgreenbuildingsincludetheprotection

ofecosystemsandbiodiversity（生物多樣性），improvedairandwater

quality,lesswasteflowingintostreamsandtheprotectionofnatural

resources.Greenbuildingscanalsoresultinloweroperatingcostsbecause

theytypicallyuselessenergyandfewermaterialsandimproveindoorair

quality,improvingthehealthofpeoplewholivethere.

Theprocessofbuildinggreenhousesincludestechnicalandartistic

planningwithnatureprotectioninmind.Buildingdesignsoftenreflectthe

surroundingenvironmentandnaturalresourcesanduserenewable

buildingmaterialssuchasbambooandstraw.Inaddition,recycled

resourcesfoundlocallyareusedforgreenbuildings,reducingthecost

andairpollutionassociatedwithtransportingmaterialslongdistances.

Carefulsiteselectionisimportanttominimize（使減少到最低限

度）humaneffectsonthesurroundingenvironment.Forexample,placinga

structureinanareathatallowsittotakeadvantageofcoolbreezes（微

風）andsunlightcanreduceenergyuseandexpenses.Moreenergyand

expensesareneededforlargerbuildingsaswell,soitisimportantto

buildthesmallones.

Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergy

useandcosts.Theseroofsarepartiallyorcompletelycoveredwithplants,

whichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcostslow,preventwaterrunning

offanddealwithpollutants.

Otherfeaturesofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwater

protection,recyclingandwastereduction.Inaddition,renewableenergy

sourcessuchassolarpower,waterpowerandwindpowerareusedfor

heatandelectricity,whichgreatlyreducescostsanddecreasesthe

influenceontheenvironment.

9.Whatcanweknowaboutgreenbuildings?

A.Producingnowaste.

B.Onlyusingcleanenergy.

C.Beingmadeofnewmaterials.

D.Beingenvironment-friendly.

10.Whatisagreenbuildingprobablylikeaccordingtothefifth

paragraph?

A.Large.B.Small.

C.Green.D.Low.

11.Whatisthepurposeofusinggreenroofs?

A.Tofittheenvironment.

B.Tokeepwarm.

C.Tocollectnaturewater.

D.Toreducecosts.

12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Promotingenergyefficiency.

B.Environmentalbenefits.

C.Greenbuildings.

D.Ecosystemsandbiodiversity.

【解題導語】本文主要介紹了綠色建筑的優(yōu)勢和特色。

［難句分析】Forexample,placingastructureinanareathatallows

ittotakeadvantageofcoolbreezes（微風）andsunlightcanreduceenergy

useandexpenses.

分析：本句是一個復合句。that引導定語從句，在從句中作主語，

修飾先行詞anarea。

譯文：例如，把一個建筑物放在一個使它可以利用涼爽的微風和

陽光的地方，這樣可以減少能源使用和費用。

9.D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)對全文的整體理解特別是第三段的

內(nèi)容可推知，綠色建筑整體上是環(huán)保的，故選D。A項錯在不產(chǎn)生垃

圾，這是不科學，也是不現(xiàn)實的，尤其是在建筑業(yè)；B項錯在只使用

清潔能源，文章中提到綠色建筑利用清潔能源，但沒有說只用清潔能

源；C項錯在綠色建筑是用新材料建造的，文章中只是提到了利用竹

子等自然材料，故排除。

10.B考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段最后一句"Moreenergyand

expensesareneededforlargerbuildingsaswell,soitisimportantto

buildthesmallones”可推知，綠色建筑應(yīng)該傾向于小型建筑，而非高

樓大廈，故選B。

11.D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Greenroofsare

anotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcosts”可知，

綠色屋頂可以降低能源使用和成本，故選D。

12.C考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章的關(guān)鍵詞"greenbuildings”和

對全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講的是綠色建筑，故選C。A項

錯在提高能源效率，這只是綠色建筑的一個好處；B項錯在環(huán)境受益,

這也是綠色建筑的一個好處；D項錯在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生物多樣性，這只

是在文章中有所提及而已，并非文章主旨,故排除。

強化訓練3——|段落大意類

A

（2018?綿陽市高中第一次診斷）

Onetimeayoungman，whohopedtostudylaw，wrotetoLincoln

foradvice,andLincolnreplied,“Ifyouareresolutelydeterminedto

makealawyerofyourself，thethingismorethanhalfdone

already...Alwaysbearinmindthatyourownresolutiontosucceedis

moreimportantthananyotheronething.”

Lincolnknew.Hehadgonethroughitall.Hehadnever,inhisentire

life,hadmorethanatotalofoneyear'sschooling.Andbooks?Lincoln

oncesaidhehadwalkedtoborroweverybookwithinfiftymilesofhis

home.Afirewasusuallykeptgoingallnightinthesmallhouseandhe

readbythelightofit.

Hewalkedtwentyorthirtymilestohearaspeakerand,returning

home,hepracticedhistalkseverywhere-inthefields,inthewoods,

beforethecrowds.Hejoinedseveralsocietiesandpracticedspeakingon

thetopicsoftheday.

Alackofconfidencealwaystroubledhim.Inthepresenceofwomen

hewasshyanddumb.EvenwhenhewasinlovewithMaryTodd,heused

tositthere,nervousandsilent,unabletofindwords,listeningwhileshe

didthetalking.Yetthatwasthemanwho,bypracticeandhomestudy,

madehimselfintothespeakerwhodebatedwiththefamousspeaker

Douglas!That