2022-2023年湖南省衡陽市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.WhathasWalmartdonetoreconfigureitsDNAasprofitseeker?

A.Ithasfollowedthebusinessmodelofundercuttingitscompetitors.

B.Itasksitssupplierstoreducepackagingtobeenvironment-friendly.

C.Ithasbecometheposterchildofcorporateruthlessness.

D.Ithasgivenmoreshelfspaceandbetterplacementtolightbulbs.

2.

The______makesSanFranciscodifferentfromothercities.

3.

Bothnaturalgasandgasolineare__________andthusneithercanbeconsideredrenewable.

4.

Ifwecanjoinbillionsofcomputercircuitstogetherlikebillionsofbraincellswhichworktogether,thenthecomputercanreceive______.

5.

Thepassagemainlystateshowtogetwellintouchwiththetwofathers.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

LackofpreventionstrategiesandtreatmentprogramsmakesthedevelopingcountriesthelargestinthenumberofHIVinfection.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Anewnationalproject,whichaimsathelpingat-riskmiddle-andhighschoolboys,iscalled______.

8.Vioxxshowednoconnectiontoheartproblemsinitsclinicaltrial.

9.

Alargepercentageofseveredepressioncanberelievedortreatedbutinreality,mostofthemarenotseriouslytaken.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Asamatteroffact,wetosomeextentpay______wheneverweareinvolvedinpurchasetransactions

11.

Overtheyears,theformulafor"ClassicCoke"hasbeenpassedonfrom______tothenextbywordofmouthandissecuredinabankvault.

12.

Whatwasthe19thtopicrelatedwithontheministerialmeetingofWTO?

A.Cottonimportationandexportation.

B.Protectingfarmersindevelopingcountries.

C.Theeliminationoftradeprotection.

D.Foodsafetyandtheenvironment.

13.

Mostmemoryresearchersagreethatourbrainsrecord—andrememberatsomelevel—everythingthathappenstous.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

Theplantswouldbeinsectresistantasagenefromthesoilbacteriumcoulddirectcellstoproduce______thatistoxictocertaininsects.

15.

Asapoli-scimajor'sdream,______alwaysencouragesinternshipsatgovernmentagencies,thinktanksandadvocacyorganizations.

16.

ThedifferencebetweenyoungRichardandotherboyswasthatheusuallydidnotplaywiththeothersandneversmiled,andsoon.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Bothmother-to-childtransmissionandpartner-to-partnertransmissioncanbepreventedorprotectedeffectivelybydrugsfor______.

18.It'sthemonitoringfunctionthatmakesthehostprocessorfinallysolveadisputeaboutatransaction.

19.BetterKnownasMarkTwain

Thisremarkablemanwenttoalog-cabinschooluntilhewastwelveyearsold.Thatwastheendofhisformaleducation.Inspiteofthis,hebecamethemostfamousliteraryfigureofhisgeneration.HereceivedhonorarydegreesfromOxfordUniversityandYaleUniversity.Peoplespeakofhimasthebestknownhumorouswriterofalltimes.HealsobroughtrealismandwesternlocalcolortoAmericanfiction.Hemademillionsofdollarsbywritingarticles,shortstories,andbooks.HisrealnamewasSamuelLanghorneClemens,butheisbetterknownallovertheworldasMarkTwain.

MarkTwainwasborninasmallMissourivillageneartheMississippiRiverin1835.Atthattime,AndrewJacksonwasthepresidentofthecountry.AbrahamLincolnwasstillayoungfarmlaborerinIllinois.Thefirstrailroadhadbeenbuiltsevenyearsbefore.TheIndustrialRevolutionwasathand.TheeconomiccollapseofAmericanprosperity,calledthePanicof1837,stilllayahead.Thiswasalsotheliteraryperiodlatercalledthe"NewEnglandRenaissance".

MarkTwainwasnotahealthybaby.Infact,hewasnotexpectedtolirethroughthefirstwinter.Butwithhismother'stendercare,hemanagedtosurvive.Hehadbeenborninatinytwo-roomcabin.Eightpeoplelivedtogetherthere.Hehadfourbrothersandsisters.Aslavegirllivedwiththemtoo.

Asaboy,MarkTwaincausedmuchtroubleforhisparents.Heusedtoplaypracticaljokesonallhis'friendsandneighbors.Thenatureofhisjokesoftenledtoviolence.Hehatedtogotoschool,andheconstantlyranawayfromhome.HealwayswentinthedirectionofthenearbyMississippi.Hewasfascinatedbythatmightyriver.Helikedtositonthebankoftheriverforhoursatatimeandjustgazeatthemysteriousislandsandpassingboatsandrafts.Hewasnearlydrownedninedifferenttimes.Helearnedmanythingsabouttheriverduringthosedays.Helearnedallaboutitshistoryandtheunusualpeoplewhorodeupanddownit.Heneverforgotthosescenesandthosepeople.Helatermadethempartof'thehistoryofAmericainhisbooksTomSawyerandHuckleberryFinn.

MarkTwaininheritedhisgeniusforhumorfromhismother.Obviously,hedidnotinherititfromhisfather.Heoncestatedthathehadneverseenasmileonhisfather'sface.Ontheotherhand,hismotherhadtherareabilitytosayhumorousthingswithperfectinnocence.ThissameabilitymadeMarkTwainallextremelyhumorouspublicspeaker.

Afterhisfather'sdeathin1847,MarkTwainleftschoolandbecameaprinter'sapprentice.Hismotherfeltthathecouldmakealivingandgetsomeeducationinthisway.Heworkedfortheprinterasanapprenticefortwoyears.Duringthattimehereceivedonlyhisboardandclothesaspay.

By1853,MarkTwainwastiredofMissouri.Hegotanurgetoseetheworldandstartedoutwithemptypockets.HeworkedasaprinterinSt.Louis,NewYork,andPhiladelphia.Then,asaresultofreadingabook,hedecidedtogototheupperpartoftheAmazonRiver.Heplannedtomakeafortunebycollectingandsellingcocoa.Hisonlyproblemwasmoneyforthetrip.Thatproblemwassolvedinanunusualway.HefoundafiftydollarbillonthesidewalkandleftforBrazilthenextday.HegotasfarastheMississippiRiverandthenranoutofmoney.

NextMarkTwaindecidedtobecomeariver-boatpilotontheMississippi.Hefollowedhisnewprofessionforfifteenmonths.Hememorizedalltheturns,shallowspots,anddangerousrocksinthe1200milesfromSt.LouistoNewOrleans.Helearnedabouttheprideandresponsibilitiesofthepilots.Hebecameanexcellentpilot.However,hislifeasapilotcametoasuddenend.TheriverwasclosedtonavigationattheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.ThenhejoinedtheConfederateArmy,butshortly

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

_____isageneralmechanismthatservestheentireanimalkingdom.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B5】

22.(15)

A.Takethecamerabacktothestore.

B.Getaspecialattachmentforthecamera.

C.Useabrighterlightwhentakingpictures.

D.Avoidfacingthelightwhentakingpictures.

23.(18)

A.Sheaskedfor$15.

B.Shedonated$50.

C.Sherequested$20.

D.Shegave$10.

24.

【B3】

25.(42)

26.聽力原文：W:Goodmorning.

M:Morning,canIhelpyou?

W:Yes,I'dliketojointhelibrary.We'renewtothedistrictyousee.

M:Certainly.Wellallweneedissomesortofidentificationwithyournameandaddressonit.

W:Oh.Wejustmoved,yousee,andeverythinghasmyoldaddress.

M:Adrivinglicense,perhaps?

W:No,Idon'tdrive.

M:Yourhusband'swoulddo.

W:Yes,butonhislicenseisstilltheoldaddress.

M:Perhapsyouhavealetteraddressedtoyouatyournewhouse?

W:No,I'mafraidnot.We'veonlybeenthereafewdaysyouseeandnoone'swrittentousyet.

M:Whataboutyourbankbook?

W:That'sjustthesame.Ohdear,and1didwanttogetsomebooksoutthisweekend.We'regoingonholidaytorelaxafterthemove,yousee,andIwanttotakesomethingwithmetoread.

M:Well,I'msorry,butwecan'tpossiblyissueticketswithoutsomeform.ofidentification.Whataboutyourpassport?

W:What?Ohyes,howsillyofme.I'vejustgotanewoneanditdoeshaveournewaddress.I'vejustbeentobookourticketssoIhaveitonme.Justaminute.Hereyouare.

M:Thankyou.Well,that'sallright.Nowifyou'dliketogoandchooseyourbooksyourticketswillbereadyforyouwhenyoucomebacktothedesktohavethemstampedout.

W:Oh,thankyou.

(23)

A.Losthisbankbook.

B.Missedherhomeway.

C.Failedtoborrowbooks.

D.Puzzledbyregulations.

27.聽力原文：M:Didyounoticetheyjustbuiltanothercoffeehouseacrossthestreetfromthemovietheater?

W:Yeah.Isn'tthatgreat?Itlooksreallycool,andtheyhavelivemusiceverySaturdaynight.It'llbetheperfectplacetohangoutafterseeingamovie.

M:Areyouserious?Ithinkit'sridiculous!Theyopenanewcoffeehouseeveryfiveminutes.Theyarepoppingupalloverthecity.There'rethreecoffeehousesonMainStreetalone.

W:Ithinkthat'swonderful--themorecoffeehouses,thebetter.I'msickofbarsandnightclubs!Iwantarelaxingplacetositwithmyfriendsandchat.It'snicetositback,listentothemusicandslowlysipareallygoodcupofcoffee.

M:Coffeehousesareafad.Theyappealtopeoplewhohavenothingbettertodothansitaroundanddrinkoverpricedcoffee.Didyouknowtheychargefourdollarsforacupofcoffeeatthatnewplaceacrossfromthetheater?That'scrazy!Theyhavemenuswithfillydifferent"special"blendsfromallovertheworld:Java,Ethiopia,Kenya,Brazil...Italltastesexactlythesametome.

W:Coffeehousesarenutjustfortrendypeople.

M:Yes,theyare!Didyoujusthearwhatthatguyoverthereordered?Heorderedadouble,decafcappuccino.That'ssostupid.Ifyoudrinkcoffee,youshoulddrinkitwithcaffeine.

W:Wow,youarereallyjudgmentaltoday.Areyoufinishedwithyourcoffee?Canwego?

M:No,Ipaidoverthreedollarsforthiscupofcoffee.I'mgoingtodrinkthewholething.

(20)

A.Itoffersreallygoodcoffee.

B.IthaslivemusiceverySaturdaynight.

C.It'snearthetheater.

D.Youcanseeamoviethere.

28.

【B8】

29.聽力原文：M:Hi,Claire.Howdoesitfeeltobebackoncampus?

W:Keith,hi.Well,totellyouthetruth,Ihavemixedfeelings.

M:Oh,why?

W:IhadthisgreatsummerjobthatIreallyhatedtoleave.IworkedattheWildlifeResearchCenterinMaryland.

M:Thatmakessenseforageneticsmajor.Whatdidyoudo?Cleanthecages?

W:Itisawildlifecenter,notazoo.Theplacebreedsendangeredspeciesandtriestopreparethemforlifeinthewild.

M:Youmeantheendangeredspecieslikethetigerandthepanda?

W:Well,endangeredspecies,yes.Butnottigersorpandas.Iwasworkingwithwhoopingcranesandsandtailcranes.Itwasreallyneat.Itaughtthebabycraneshowtoeatanddrink,andIhelpedthevetgivemedicalcheck-ups.

M:Icanseewhyitwashardtoleavethejob.Buthowdidyouteachabirdhowtoeatanddrink?

W:Wecoveredourselvesupwithclothesandusedpuppetsmadeoutofstuffedcranestoshowthebabychickswhattodo.Thenthechickscopiedwhatthepuppetsdid.

M:Clothes?Puppets?Soundslikefun.

W:Itwas.Theclothesandpuppetswereallkeytoolsofthis.Weallcoveredourselvesup,thescientists,thevets,thejuniorstaff,everybody.Yousee,babycraneswillbecomeattachedtotheircare-takers.

M:Soifthecare-takerisaperson,thecranewillstayinplaceswherepeopleare.

W:Yeah.Andtheirchancesforsurvivalaren'tgood.Butbycoveringourselvesupandbyusingbirdpuppetsthechicksaremorelikelytoseekoutotherbirdsratherthanpeople.Andtheirtransitiontothewildhasabetterchanceofbeingsuccessful.

M:Achanceofbeingsuccessful?Hasn'tthisbeendonebefore?

W:It'sbeendonewithsandtailcranesandeveryoneisoptimisticaboutitworkingwithwhoopingcranes,too.

M:Yeah.It'sexciting,isn'tit?

(20)

A.Thebirdswon'tlearntokeepawayfrompeople.

B.Shemightchangehermajor.

C.Therearemoreendangeredspeciesinzoosthaninthewild.

D.Shewasn'tquitereadytocomebacktocampus.

30.

【B9】

31.聽力原文：W：Yes?WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?

M：Ihavebeenwaitingforalmostfortyminutesandmymealhasn'tarrivedyet．Whatkeepsyourkitchensobusy?

Q：What'stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(17)

A.Husbandandwife.

B.Lawyerandclient.

C.Saleswomanandcustomer.

D.Waitressandcustomer.

32.聽力原文：M:WhencanImaketheearliestappointmentwithDr.Johnson?

W:Dr.JohnsonhasappointmentsonMondayandTuesdaymornings,ThursdayandFridayafternoons,andhehasaconferencethewholeday,Wednesday.

Q:WhencanthemanmeetDr.Johnsonattheearliest?

(15)

A.Mondaymorning.

B.Mondayafternoon.

C.Wednesdaymorning.

D.Fridayafternoon.

33.

【B11】

34.(22)

A.Shecannotbelievethefactthatallthestudentsinaclassdecidedtogotothedemonstration.

B.Sheissurethatthereisn'tawonderfulleaderinanyclasstoleadotherstudents.

C.Shewantstoknowexactlywhotheoratoryleaderintheclassis.

D.Shefeelsthatsheisleftout.

35.聽力原文：W:David,whoarethestreetpeople?Howdidtheygettolivinginthestreet?

M:Well,someofthemlosttheirjob,someofthemhavementalproblem,andsomeofthemdrink.

Q:whichofthefollowingfactorsisnotmentionedasacauseofbecomingstreetpeople?

(14)

A.Unemployment.

B.Familybreak-up.

C.Mentalproblem.

D.Drinking.

36.(47)

37.聽力原文：M:Ifyouareinhurry,youcantakethesubway.Ifyouwanttogosightseeing,takeabus.

W:Actually,Idon'thavetobeattheconferencebeforenoon.

Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?

(17)

A.Hurrytotheconference.

B.Skiptheconference.

C.Takethesubway.

D.Takeabus.

38.(16)

A.Typing.

B.Drawingapicture.

C.Doingexercise.

D.Playingthepiano.

39.(21)

A.Sufferingpoorhealth.

B.Causinganxiety.

C.Becomingaggressive.

D.Destroyingpersonalcontact.

40.(40)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Accordingtothepassage,whatwouldapublicrelationspersonnelprobablydoafteradecisionismadeinindustry?

A.Planandhavesomepromotionalactivities.

B.Givesomesuggestionstothedecision-maker.

C.Setupcommunicationwiththepublic.

D.Organizesomespecialeventslikepressconference.

42.

Todealwiththecasesof______makesthecreditcardcompaniesworrymost.

43.

WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Whenyoulookatlifeasatest,youhaveachancetoovercomeproblemsyouface.

B.Whenyoutakelifeseriously,youaremorelikelytosucceedandbecomehappy.

C.Whenyouseeeachproblemasaseriousbattle,youhavemorechancestosurvive.

D.Wheneverythingisworkingoutjustright,youcanknowhowoftenithappens.

44.

Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay______.

A.hindertheirindustrialproduction

B.causethemtolosecontroloftheirtrade

C.forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexports

D.costthemtheireconomicindependence

45.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingthe【C1】______employmentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksome【C2】______questionsaboutthefuturework.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthe【C3】______?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanywaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimto【C4】______thehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheofficeascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheform.ofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobe【C5】______.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldofferthe【C6】______ofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkby【C7】______themoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople'shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,【C8】______,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylive.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenata【C9】______.Inpre-industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamiliestohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnormtoday,and【C10】______moreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweenthesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantform.ofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded--aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.

Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheidealistgoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

A)superficialJ)depriving

B)prospectJ)moderately

C)reversedK)fundamental

D)manifestedL)anticipation

E)availableM)revive

F)contrivingN)disadvantage

G)normO)eventually

H)restrict

【C1】

46.

Thechiefreasonwhymostemployeesarenotactiveinthecareerdevelopmentprogramisthat______.

47.Thefactthatparentscheckthecontentsofthebookorthefilmfortheirchildrentoreadorseeshows______.

A.thenecessityofcensorship

B.manybooksandfilmsarebad

C.childrenneedtheirparentstohelpthemunderstandmore

D.theparentsarepermissive

48.

WhatissaidaboutGM,FordandChryslerinthethirdparagraph?

A.Theyarealllighttrucksthatareefficientinfuel.

B.Theirsalesdropasmorepeoplearemoreinterestedinforeigncars.

C.Theirlowerpricesattractthosewhodon'tworryabouthighgasprices.

D.TheyhavetoprovidebetterafterservicetocompetewithToyotaandHonda.

49.Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchess(公爵夫人)ofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter--orworse--partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat--orevenonlysomewhatoverweight--isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsession(迷戀)withthinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem--toomuchfatandalackoffiber--thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory(虛榮).

Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat______.

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue

B.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune

C.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous

50.

WhattroubledidtheGreekTVannouncerhavewhenannouncingthenewsthatLiuXianggotthefirstplace?

51.

Byacomparisonbetweenpastproblemsandpresentonestheauthordrawsattentiontothe______.

A.importanceoftheenergycrisis

B.hopelessnessofthesituation

C.differencesbetweenthepastandthepresent

D.inadequacyofgovernments

52.

Whoarethekindsofreportersthewriterseemstoadmiremost?

A.Reporterswhoknowhowtosiftthroughalotofinformation.

B.Reporterswhoarewillingtosacrificetochaseafterastory.

C.Reporterswhowon'tsullythemselves.

D.Reporterswhoarehighlytrained.

53.

A"synoptic"weathermapisachartthat______.

A.summarizesagreatdealofgeneralweatherinformation

B.appearsdailyandcanbeinterpretedaccurately

C.presentsdataonatmosphericconditionsoverawidearea

D.showsever-changingfronts

54.Before1965manyscientistspicturedthecirculationoftheocean'swatermassasconsistingoflargeslow-movingcurrents,suchastheGulfStream.Thatview,basedon100yearsofobservationsmadearoundtheglobe,producedonlyaroughapproximationofthetruecirculation.Butinthe1950sandthe1960s,researchersbegantoemploynewlydevelopedtechniquesandequipmentincludingsubsurfacefloatsthatmovewithoceancurrentandemitidentificationsignalsformonthsatfixedlocationsintheocean.Theseinstrumentsdisclosedanunexpectedlevelofvariabilityinthe'deepocean.Ratherthanbeingcharacterizedbysmooth,large-scalecurrentsthatchangeseasonally(ifatall),theseasaredominatedbywhatoceanographers(海洋研究者)callmesoscalefields(紊流):fluctuating,energeticflowswhosevelocitycanreachtentimesofthemeanvelocityofthemajiorcurrents.

Mesoscalephenomena--theoceanicanalogueofweatherterms--oftenextendtodistancesof100kilometersandpersistfor100days(weathersystemsgenerallyextendabout1000kilometersandlast3to5daysinanygivenarea).Morethan90percentofthekineticenergyoftheentireoceanmaybeaccountedforbymesoscalevariabilityratherthanbylarge-scalecurrents.Mesoscalephenomenamay,infact,playasignificantroleinoceanicmixingair-seainteractions,and'occasionalbutfar-reachingclimateeventssuchasEINino,theatmospheric-oceanicdisturbanceintheequatorialPacificthataffectsglobalweatherpatterns.

Unfortunately,itisnotfeasibletouseconventionaltechniquestomeasuremesoscalefields.Tomeasurethemproperly,monitoringequipmentswouldhavetobelaidoutonagridatintervalsofatmost50kilometers,withsensorsateachgridpointlowereddeepintheoceanandkeptthereformanymonths.Becauseusingthesetechniqueswouldbeprohibitivelyexpensiveandtime-consuming,itwasproposedin1975thattomography(X射線斷層攝影技術(shù))beadaptedtomeasuringthephysicalpropertiesoftheocean.InmedicaltomographyX-raysmapthehumanbody'sdensityvariations(andhenceinternalorgans);theinformationfromtheX-rays,transmittedthroughthebodyalongmanydifferentpaths,isrecombinedtoform.three-dimensionalimagesofthebody'sinterior.Itisprimarilythismultiplicativeincreaseindataobtainedfromthemulti-pathtransmissionofsignalsthataccountsforoceanographers'attractiontotomography:itallowsthemeasurementofvastareaswithrelativelyfewinstruments.Researchersreasonedthatlow-frequencysoundwaves,becausetheyaresowelldescribedmathematicallyandbecauseevensmallperturbations(動(dòng)搖)inemittedsoundwavescanbedetected,couldbetransmittedthroughtheoceanovermanydifferentpathsandthatthepropertiesoftheocean'sinterior-itstemperature,salinity,densityandspeedofcurrents-couldbededucedonthebasisofhowtheoceanalteredthesignals.Theirinitialtrialswerehighlysuccessful,andoceanacoustictomographywasborn.

WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoPara.1?

A.Nowadays,scientistspicturedthecirculationofocean'swatermassasconsistingoflargeslow-movingcurrents.

B.Before1965,theconceptofscientistsproducedonlyaroughapproximationofthetruecirculation.

C.Researchersbegantodoresearchonthedevelopedtechniquesandequipment.

D.Theseinstrumentsdisclosedanexpectedlevelofvariabilityinthedeepocean.

55.

Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations.

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations.

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations.

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations.

56.Itcanbedrawnfromthefirstparagraphthat______.

A.mostoftheeasterncountriesenjoyfast-pacedeconomicgrowth

B.tradeconflictsmaybeforeseenbetweentwopartsoftheworld

C.sharpdifferencesexistbetweensometraditionalrichandonce-poorcountries

D.thetraditionalrichcountrieshavecomebottomintheworldeconomy

57.

Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat______.

A.acountry'swealthdependsonmanyfactors

B.theUSisoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld

C.theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion

D.naturalresourcesisanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry

58.

______benefitedmostfromthehealthylifestylesapproachtohealth.

59.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagec