高二第五次作業(yè)【英語】section1Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.directlyB.popularityC.regularD.sustainabilityE.arousingF.restoringG.estimateH.demandI.mainstreamJ.definitelyK.trackSmartHomesAroundtheCornerInternet-connectedlights,locksandlaundrymachinesareclosetobecomingeverydayhouseholditems,thanksinparttovoice-activatedspeakerssuchasAmazon’sEchoandGoogleHome.Themarkethaswitnessedincreasingsalesoflightsthatturnoffwhenyousay“goodnight,”smartlocksthatletinyourfriendsbeforeyougethome,andothersmart-homegadgets(小配件).Smartspeakersandtheirdigitalassistantsalsohavebeengrowingin__31__.Fromyourcouch,youcanaskthesesmartassistantstoplayyourfavoritemusic,checktheweather,orderpizzaor__32__flights.Whilethedevicesarestillrelativelyexpensive—youcangetsix__33__lightbulbsforthepriceofasinglesmartone—__34__islikelytopickupfurtheraspricesfallinthefuture.Moreover,themorepeopleusesuchspeakers,itturnsout,themorethingstheywantthemtodo.Insomecases,thatleads__35__toothersmartgadgetsforthehome.PeoplewhoownanEchoare__36__morelikelytoinstallothersmartgadgets,saidDavidLimp,Amazon’sseniorvicepresidentofdevicesandservices.“Theydon’tstartbyrewiringthewholehome.Theystartwithaswitch.”Thatswitch,knownasasmartplug,canmakeanyapplianceremote-controllablebycuttingor__37__itspower—justaskanassistanttoturnitofforon.U.S.salesofsmartspeakershavemorethantripled(增至三倍)tonearly25millionin2017,asshownbyaCTA(CommodityTradingAdvisors)__38__.They’reexpectedtogrowfurtherthisyear,toabout36million,asApple’sHomePodjoinsthecompetition.Smart-homeproductssuchaslightsandsecuritycamerasarelaggingbehind,buttheyhavebeencatchingup.“We’restillintheearlystages,”saidJeffPatton,asmart-homeexecutiveatGeneralElectric.“Whilethegadgetsaren’tyet__39__,”hesaid,“averagepeoplearemuchmoreawareofthem”.AlexHawkinson,CEOofSamsung’sSmartThingssmart-homebusiness,saidthatabouthalfofhisnewcustomersarecomingbecauseofsmartspeakers“__40__alotofexcitement.”O(jiān)ncepeoplegettheirfirstsmartproduct,suchasasmartplug,theyarelikelytobuymore,marketresearcherssay.Theyalsotellfriendsandneighborsaboutthem,andmightbuysomeasgifts.Section2Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Children’sbooksarefilledwithfantasticfriendshipsbetweenhumansandbeasts.Fromayoungage,welearnthatifatigercomesforteaweshouldexpectittoeatalloursandwiches,andifaPeruvianbear___48___forlunchwehadbetterhavesomemarmalade（柑橘醬）inthecupboard.Inthisfantasyworld,wecancoexistpeacefullywithlargemammals.___49__,inreallife,youngpeoplearehavingfewerwildinteractionsthaneverbefore.Inpartthisisaresultof___50___screentimeanddecreasedaccesstowildspaces.Perhapsitdoesn’thelpthatmanycountriesdroveouttheirmostexciting___51__—bearsandwolves—centuriesago.Hadtheynot,morepeopleinthedevelopedworldmightnowbefacingsimilarproblemstothoseinNovayaZemlya.TheplaygroundsofthisremoteRussianarchipelago（俄羅斯半島）wererecently___52___byagroupofhungrypolarbears,drivenintohumansettlementsinsearchoffoodand___53_afterrisingtemperaturesdestroyedthelasthospitableslicesoftheArcticseaice.It’sthesamestoryweseeacrosstheworld:habitat___54__drivingelephantstoattackcrops,humansettlementsspreadingintotigerterritory,andpeoplelosingtheirlivestobigcats.TheIncidentofthePolarBearinthePlaygroundisnota/an___55___consequencestoTheHumansWhoMeltedtheIceCaps.WehaveknownforyearsthatArctictemperaturesarerisingat___56__rates.Itshouldcomeasnosurprisethatthepolarbearswehaveforcedtoleavetheirnaturalhomeshave___57__shoutingathumans’frontdoorsinsearchoftheirbasicrequirementsforsurvival.Unfortunately,theyaremore___58__tobemetwiththebusinessendofashotgunthanamarmaladesandwich.Andwhocancriticizethepeopleinthemainsettlement,BelushyaGuba,forwantingtoprotectthemselves?We’vehadyearsto___59__theseissues.Thisisnotanunusual___60__butthelatestinalistofincreasinglyfrequenthuman/polarbearincidents.Andit’spartofanevenlongerlistofrapidlygrowingareaswherethereishuman/wildlifeconflict.Wecan’t___61__thelocalresidentsofNovayaZemlyafortheirquiettownbecomingabearrefugeecamp.Theyarenottheonesburningfossilfuels,___62__farmingcowsandflyingacrosstheworldforbusinessmeetings.It’salmostalwaysthecasethatthosemakingthedecisionsthataremostseriousfortheenvironmentarethefurthestfromtheconsequences.48.A.dropsin B.makesup C.carrieson D.reachesout49.A.Therefore B.Meanwhile C.Otherwise D.Furthermore50.A.accumulated B.wasted C.increased D.fixed51.A.immigrants B.citizens C.locals D.inhabitants52.A.invaded B.searched C.deserted D.surrounded53.A.caves B.territory C.companions D.shelter54.A.range B.formation C.loss D.selection55.A.profound B.severe C.unexpected D.upset56.A.moderate B.horrifying C.similar D.varying57.A.stuckto B.goneon C.endedup D.protestedat58.A.reluctant B.likely C.desperate D.confident59.A.examine B.report C.identify D.address60.A.occurrence B.escape C.presence D.exploration61.A.admire B.reward C.respect D.blame62.A.intensively B.realistically B.specifically D.practicallySection3Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.NO·1Ifyouwerelikemostchildren，youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling's（兄弟姐妹的）name.Howcouldshenotknowyou？Diditmeanshelovedyouless？Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on，misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive（認(rèn)知的）errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.Thestudy，publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition，foundthatthe“wrong"nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond：children，siblings，friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake，sayspsychologistDavidRubin，"butitdoestelluswho'sinandwho'soutofthegroup.”Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup，misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds，likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1，700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;othersweredonewithamixed-agepopulation.Someaskedsubjectsaboutincidentswheresomeoneclosetothem-familyorfriend-hadcalledthembyanotherperson'sname.Theothersurveysaskedabouttimeswhensubjectshadthemselvescalledsomeoneclosetothembythewrongname.Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandsiblingsbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatundergraduateswerealmostaslikelyasoldpeopletomakethismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.Olderpeopleandwomenmadethemistakeslightlymoreoften,butthatmaybebecausegrandparentshavemoregrandchildrentomixupthanparentshavechildren.Also,mothersmaycallontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,giventraditionalgendernorms.Therewasnoevidencethaterrorsoccurredmorewhenthemisnamerwasfrustrated,tiredorangry.63.Howmightpeopleoftenfeelwhentheyweremisnamed?A.Unwanted. B.Unhappy.C.Confused. D.Indifferent.64.WhatdidDavidRubin'sresearchfindaboutmisnaming?A.Itisrelatedtothewayourmemorieswork.B.Itisapossibleindicatorofafaultymemory.C.Itoccursmostlybetweenkidsandtheirfriends.D.Itoftencausesmisunderstandingsamongpeople.65.Whatismostlikelythecauseofmisnaming?A.Similarpersonalitytraits B.Similarspellingsofnames.C.Similarphysicalappearance. D.Similarpronunciationofnames.66.Whatdidthesurveysofmorethan1700subjectsfindaboutmisnaming？A.Itmoreoftenthannothurtsrelationships.B.Ithardlyoccursacrossgenderboundaries.C.Itismostfrequentlyfoundinextendedfamilies.D.Itmostoftenoccurswithinarelationshipgroup.NO·2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthehardercallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Califormiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That'sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.Califormia'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.67.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat_________.A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrolB.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarmingC.extremeweatherconditionsmayariseD.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat68.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,"wemayneedto__________.A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthemB.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtreesC.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplantsD.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity69.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto_______.A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttreesB.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforestsC.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsectsD.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires70.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph5?A.Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.B.Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020.C.Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.D.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport.NO·3WhenIre-enteredthefull-timeworkforceafewyearsagoafteradecadeofsolitaryself-employment，therewasonethingIwaslookingforwardtothemost：theopportunitytohaveworkfriendsonceagain.Itwasn’tuntilIenteredthecorporateworldthatIrealized，formeatleast，beingfriendswithcolleaguesdidn’temergeasapriorityatall.Thisissurprisingwhenyouconsidertheprevailingemphasisbyscholarsandtrainersandmanagersontheimportanceofcultivatingcloseinterpersonalrelationshipsatwork.Somuchresearchhasexploredthewayinwhichcollegialtiescanhelpovercomearangeofworkplaceissuesaffectingproductivityandthequalityofworkoutputsuchasteam-basedconflict，jealousy，undermining，anger，andmore.Perhapsmyexpectationsoflunches，water-coolergossipandcaring，deep-and-meaningfulconversationswerealegacyofthelasttimeIwasinthatkindofofficeenvironment.Whereasnow，asIneartheendofmyfourthdecade，Irealizeworkcanbefullyfunctionalandentirelyfulfillingwithoutneedingtobebestmateswiththepeoplesittingnexttoyou.Inanacademicanalysisjustpublishedintheprofoundly-respectedJournalofManagement，researchershavelookedattheconceptof“indifferentrelationships”.It’sasimpletermthatencapsulatesthefactthatrelationshipsatworkcanreasonablybenon-intimate，inconsequential，unimportantandeven，dareIsayit，disposableorsubstitutable.Indifferentrelationshipsareneitherpositivenornegative.Thelimitedresearchconductedthusfarindicatesthey’reespeciallydominantamongthosewhovalueindependenceovercooperation，andharmonyoverconfrontation.Indifferenceisalsothepreferredoptionamongthosewhoaresociallylazy.Maintainingrelationshipsoverthelongtermtakeseffort.Forsomeofustoomucheffort.Asnotedabove，indifferentrelationshipsmaynotalwaysbethemosthelpfulapproachinresolvingsomeoftheissuesthatpopupatwork.Buttherearenonethelessseveralempiricallyprovenbenefits.Oneofthoseisefficiency.Lesstimechattingandsocializingmeansmoretimeworkingandchurning.Theotherisself-esteem.Ashumanbeings，we’reprimedtocompareourselvestoeachotherinwhatisananxiety-inducingphenomenon.Apparently，welookdownonacquaintancesmoresothanfriends.Sincetheformerismostcommonamongthoseinclinedtowardsindifferentrelationships，theirpredominancecanbolsterindividuals’senseofself-worth.Egoaside，athirdadvantageisthattheemotionalneutralityofindifferentrelationshipshasbeenfoundtoenhancecriticalevaluation，tostrengthenone’sfocusontaskresoluti