--主謂一致的用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題一、主謂一致三原則主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,主謂一致必須按照三原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。語(yǔ)法一致原則:指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Ｔoｍisａｇoodｓtuｄenｔ.湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。Theｙofｔeｎｐlaｙfootbａｌｌoｎthｅplaｙground.他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。2．意義一致:指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Myfａｍｉlｙiｓhaｖinglunｃｈnow.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Tweｎtｙdoｌlarsiｓtooｅxpenｓiｖefoｒthｅbｏok.這本書20美元太貴了。3．就近一致:指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式仍是用復(fù)數(shù)形式,取決于最湊近他的主語(yǔ)。比如：Notonlythｅtｅacherbutaｌsoｈisstudentslikeplａyiｎｇfootbalｌ.不單老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。Theｒeisapenandsoｍeｂookｓoｎtｈeｄesk．課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。二、主謂一致?？碱}型單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式,復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThｅdeskisToｍ’ｓ.這張桌子是湯姆的。Ｓomewaterisinｔhｅｂｏtｔlｅ.一些水在瓶子里。Thestｕdentsarepｌａyingfｏotbaｌlｏnｔhepｌａyground.這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“很多”，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。ＭａｎyａstudenｔhasbeeｎｔoＳhaｎｇhai.很多學(xué)生到過(guò)上海。ｍｏｒｅthanｏｎｅ+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。MoretｈanonestｕdenｔhaｓｅveｒbｅｅntoBｅｉjinｇ.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。表示時(shí)間,價(jià)錢，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),這些往常作一個(gè)整體觀點(diǎn),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。比如:Twｏmoｎtｈsiｓalｏｎghｏliday.兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。Twentypoｕndｓiｓn’tsoheaｖｙ.2０英鎊并不太重。Tenｍilｅsisnｔ’ａlｏngdistaｎｃe.10英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。----Fiｖｅｍinusfourisone.５減４等于１。主語(yǔ)是each/every+單數(shù)名詞＋ａｎd（ｅacｈ/ｅverｙ)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eachboｙandeacｈgｉrlhａsgｏtaseat.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。Eveｒymａｎａｎdeｖｅｒyｗｏｍanisatwｏrｋ.每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。.ｏnｅａｎdahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Ｏｎeandahalfhoursisｅnougｈ.一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。７.動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Ｔoｓeｅｉstｏｂelieｖe.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Ｄoiｎｇｅｙeeｘerciseｓｉsgoodforyouｒeyeｓ.做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。８.ａ/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortｗo作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。studentorｔwohaｓfaｉledｔｈeexaｍ.一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。９.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有witｈ,togｅthｅｒｗiｔh,ａｌongwith,aｓｗelｌas,beｓiｄes,eｘcepｔ,but,lｉke等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;但“名詞+aswｅｌlaｓ+名詞”時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。Mikeｗｉthhisfａt(yī)hｅrｈasbeentoEngland.邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。Mｉke,likehisbrｏtｈer,ｅｎjoysplａｙｉnｇfootbalｌ.邁克像他的哥哥同樣喜歡踢足球。Ｔｈestudｅｎtsaswｅllastheteaｃherwerepresentaｔthｅmeetinｇ．10.由and連結(jié)的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但anｄ所連結(jié)的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人,事物,或觀點(diǎn)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況劃分如下:a/the＋單數(shù)名詞+anｄ+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物;a/ｔｈｅ＋單數(shù)名詞+ａndａ/ｔｈｅ+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。Theｗriｔerandteacｈerｉscoming.那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)Thｅwｒｉteｒａnｄthetｅａcｈｅraｒeｃoming．作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人）１1．peoｐle,poｌice等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，fａmilｙ，class，grｏup，tｅａm等集體名詞作主語(yǔ),若指一個(gè)整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,若指一個(gè)詳細(xì)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Pｅoｐｌeherｅａreverｙfrienｄｌy.這兒的人很友好。Ｈisfaｍilyｉsn’tlarge.他家的人不多。----MyfａmiｌyａllliｋeｗatcｈiｎgTV.我們一家人都喜歡看電視。1２.不定代詞somebody,sｏmeｏne，somｅthｉｎｇ，anybody，ａｎythiｎg，everybｏｄy，ｅverｙoｎe,eｖerｙtｈinｇ,nobodｙ，noone,ｎoｔhｉng作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Iseverｙｏneheretoday．今天大家到齊了嗎？Sｏmetｈiｎｇisｗronｇｗithｈim.他有缺點(diǎn)。Nobodywaｓin．沒(méi)有人在家。ｅａch,eithｅｒ,neｉthｅr，another，theｏｔｈer作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。EachoｆthｅmｈasanEnｇliｓhdiｃtionａｒｙ．他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)字典。Nｅitheranswｅｒisｃorrect.兩個(gè)答案都不正確。１4．以—s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)往常用單數(shù)形式，如news,math,phｙsics等，Nｏnewsisｇoodnews.沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。Maｔhsisvｅryｐopularinourｃlａss在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。5.由ｂｏtｈand連結(jié)兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or,eitｈeｒor，nｅitｈernｏｒ，notoｎlybutaｌsｏ,nｏｔｂut，連結(jié)兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。EitｈerｍｙwifeorＩａmgoinｇ．Nｅiｔheryou，norＩ,ｎoranyoｎeelseknowｓｔｈeanswer．Notｏnlyyｏｕｂutａlsoheisreaｄｙtoleave.如果eitｈｅr，eaｃｈ,neitheｒ作主語(yǔ)，則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。Eachofushashｉslikｅsａnｄdislｉkeｓ.Ｎeitherofthｅbooksiｓｖeryinｔｅrestinｇ.1６．如果主語(yǔ)是由“aｓｅriesｏf,akinｄof,apoｒtionof＋等+名詞”組成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Aserieｓoｆpre-reｃordedtａpshasbeenｐreｐaｒedforlaｎｇuagelaboratoｒｙｕse.但avarieｔyof,ａnumｂeroｆ＋名詞復(fù)數(shù),動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而theｎumbeｒof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Onexhibiｔｉontｈereaｒeagｒeaｔｖarietyoｆｃoｎｓuｍergooｄs.Thenuｍｂerｏftheｓtｕｄentｓｉsoveｒeightｈuｎdred7.以ｈere,theｒｅ開(kāi)關(guān)的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往常與鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致----Theｒeisaboｏkaｎdtｈreeｐｅnｓoｎｔhedesk.erearesomeboｏksaｎdpａperｆoryoｕ.the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示抽象觀點(diǎn)時(shí),用單數(shù)形式.Theｐoｏrarｅｖeryhappy,buttheriｃhareｓad．?Ｔhｅbeａutifｕlliveｓfｏrevｅr.美是永存的。三、肯定與否認(rèn)一致下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否認(rèn)句時(shí)須作相應(yīng)的變化。Wｅ'veｈadsｏｍｅ（money).→Wｅhａｖen＇tｈadany(mｏney）．Ｉwastａlｋingtosomｅone.→Ｉwasn＇ttalkingtoａｎｙｏne.Theyｓometimesｖiｓｉｔus.→Tｈeyｒarｅly(nｅveｒ,sｅldｏｍ)visitus.Hehaｓarｒivedalrｅady.→Hehａsn＇taｒriｖｅdyeｔ.Liiscominｇtｏo.→Liiｓｎ'tｃoｍinｇeiｔheｒ.Boｔhoｆusaｒeｇoinｇ.→Neitherｏfusisｇoinｇ.Ｈelｉｋesbothofthem.→Heｄoｅsn'tlikｅe(cuò)itheｒofthem.注意:sｏ/neｉtｈｅr+助動(dòng)詞+名詞／代詞構(gòu)造中須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。MywifeｌikesclassicmuｓiｃveｒymucｈandｓodoI．Shedｏesn'tlikｅjａzzanｄneitherdoI.主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1．ＥｉtherJaneorＳtｅven__＿_(dá)_ｗatｃhｉnｇＴVnow．Ａ.wereＢ．isC.ｗaｓD.ａrｅ２.Ｔwoｄayｓ＿_(dá)＿_(dá)___enouｇhforｍetofinishｔhewoｒk,Ｉneｅdaｔhiｒdday.A.ｉsn’ｔB．iｓC.areｎ’tD.aｒe?３.—Howｍanylessonｓdoyouuｓuallｙhａveaday?—Sixlessonsaｄａy.Andｅachofthen___＿_(dá)４５ｍinuｔes.A．ｌaｓｔＢ.lａｓｔsC.haveＤ．a(chǎn)ｒe4?.NｅitｈerLｉPingnorＩ__＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)ａbasketｂalｌplayer.A．a(chǎn)mB.ｉsC.beD．a(chǎn)re?５.There＿_(dá)____manynewwoｒｄｓinlessoｎone,Iｔisveryeasy.A．iｓB.aren’tC.isn’tD．a(chǎn)re６.Ｔhｅnumbｅrｏfｔｈeｓｔudentsｉnｏurschool＿＿＿＿120０.A．isB.ａrｅC.hasＤ.have７.Mathｓ_＿_(dá)____myｆａvoriteｓｕｂjeｃt.Ａ.beB.iｓC.amD.are----８.Thｅboywｉtｈｔhetｗodoｇs_____whｅntheeartｈqｕakeｒｏcｋedｔheｃiｔｙ．Ａ.weresleｅpingB．issleepｉngC.wａｓsｌｅe(cuò)pingD．a(chǎn)ｒｅｓleeping?９.EveryｏneeｘceｐtＴoｍandJohn_＿＿＿_(dá)therｅwheｎｔhemeｅtingbeｇan.A．a(chǎn)ｒeB.isC.wｅreD.was?１０.Ｔｈatｐlacｅｉｓnｏtｉnteｒｅstｉngatall,__＿_(dá)ofuｓｗantｓtｏｇｏtherｅ．A.ＮeitheｒＢ.BｏｔhC.AllD.Some1?１.NoｂodybｕtJaｎe_____ｔheｓecret.Ａ.kｎowB．ｋnoｗsC．ｈavekｎoｗD.iｓ?１2.—Whａt(yī)’sontｈｅｐｌatｅ？Sｏmeeggｓanｄｃakｅｓonit?—Tｈere_＿＿_(dá)＿sｏmｅe(cuò)ggsandcaｋeｓonit．A.ｉsＢ.ａreＣ．wasD.ｗｅｒe3.Thisｐaiｒofｇlａｓｓｅs_＿＿_(dá)__minｅ.Ａ.areB.beC.isＤ.willｂe14?.BｏｔhLｉlyaｎdLｕｃｙ__＿＿＿＿ｔothepartyyeｓterｄaｙ.A.ｉnｖiteｄB.wａｓinviｔedC.hａdinvitedＤ.ｗereinｖｉted15.—Ｔｗomonths_＿_(dá)___quｉtｅａｌonｇtｉｍe.?—Yｅs,I’mｆaraidthａｔheｗｉlｌｍｉｓｓloｔsｏｆhｉｓｌessons.Ａ.iｓＢ.areC．wasD.were16?．Iｎｔhecityｔheolｄ＿_(dá)_＿＿_(dá)_.Ａ．ｔａｋegｏodｃarｅoｆB.ａrｅtaｋengooｄcareofＣ.ｉstａkｅngｏodcareｏfD.arｅｂeenｔakeｎgooｄcareof17.Ｈiｓｆaｍｉｌｙ___＿_(dá)allvｅryｋｉndａndｆriendlｙ,Ｈisｆamｉlｙ______ahaｐpyone.A.arｅ,isB．is，isC.ａrｅ,aｒeD．ｉｓ，are18?．Ｔｈesiｎgeraｎdthedaｎcer__＿_(dá)_cｏmetoBｅiｊing.Ａ.hａsB.haｖeＣ.areＤ.ｉs１９.Tｈechildrｅninthisclａssｅach____＿neｗｓchoｏｌbag.A.haｖeＢ.haｓC.ｈasgotD.arｅhaｖｉｎｇ20.Ａllbutｏne_____herｅjustnow.A．ｉsＢ.wａｓC.ｈaｓbeeｎD.ｗere２1.IｆBob'sｗifewｏn'tagrｅe(cuò)togｏonｈolidayｉnｗinｔer,_______＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__.----Ａ.ｎｅitｈｅrhｅwillB．nｅitherwｏｎ'thｅC.neｉtｈerｗiｌlheD.hｅwon'tｎｅiｔheｒIｈaven'ｔｆinｉshｅｄmｙhｏmeworｋyet.＿＿_(dá)____＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_＿＿.Ａ.sohaｓｈｅB．NeitherhehasＣ．HehasｔooD．Hehasｎ＇teither23?.“I＇mｇｏingｔｏvisitｔｈeLuGｏｕBridｇeｔomorrow.”＿“_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__.”Ａ.IamｓｏＢ.ＳoaｍＩC.SｏgoIＤ．SoIgo24?.Yｏuａｓwellashｅ_＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)__toblaｍｅ（責(zé)怪)fortｈｅaccident(交通事故).Ａ．ａreB．isC．havｅD.has25.NeitｈermywｉfenorＩｍyself＿_(dá)_____abｌetoteａchｍydaughtｅrｔｏsiｎgEｎglishsongs.Ａ.hａsbeenB.ｉｓC.aｒeD．ａm主謂一致練習(xí)題參照答案(１）.B（2）.A(3）.Ｂ（4).A(5)．B(6).A（7).B(８）.Ｃ(9).Ｄ(10）.A(1１)．B(１２).Ｂ(１3).C(14）D．(15）.A(1６）．B(1７)．A(18)．B（19）.A(２０）D(21).C(22）.D(２3)．Ｂ(24)．Ａ(25）.D主謂一致練習(xí)題2Ⅰ.從所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)。?()1.Collectingstａｍps_____myhobby.?A.isB.arｅC．ｈasD．hａvｅ（）2.Thｅｌadｙwithｈerｌittlｅsｏn____＿ｗaｌｋｉｎｇａloｎgtｈelakeｎow．A．ｉsＢ.arｅC.wａｓD.weｒe()3.Bothofｔｈeｔwiｎgｉｒls_＿_(dá)__ｗeaｒiｎgreｄclｏtheｓｔoday．A.iｓB.aｒeＣ．wantD.waｎtｓ(）4．Eachｏftheｓｔudｅnts_____aWalkmａｎ．?A．haveＢ．hasC.thereisD.ｔｈeｒeaｒe()5.Aｌlofmymoney_＿_(dá)_＿stoｌｅnlａｓtnight．?A.iｓB.wasC．ｈasD.hａve(）6．Ｔhepｏliｃe_____fortｈeｒobbersnow．?A.isｓｅarｃhｉngＢ.areｓｅaｒｃhiｎg?C.issearcｈedD.areseaｒｃhｅｄ?()7.Halfofthｅｓｔudeｎts_____ｆrｏｍabｒoａd.?A.iｓB．ａreC.comesＤ.hａscomｅ?()8.Ｔwokilｏmeterｓ_____alｏngwaｙ.----Ｙｏｕ’dbettertakeaａt(yī)xi．A．isB.areC.wａｓ

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