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商務(wù)英語綜合教程AnIntegratedCourseofBusinessEnglish2UNIT9LuxuryPre-readingQuestionsNotestoTextAKeytoExercisesNotestoTEXTBPre-readingQuestionsWhatdoyouthinkarethemostdefiningfeaturesofaluxury?你認為奢侈品的基本特征什么?LuxurygoodsareoftensynonymouswithsuperiororVeblengoods(韋伯倫商品,亦稱炫耀財),forwhichdemandincreasesmorethanproportionallyasincomerises.Accordingtothewriterofthetext,luxuryisrecherche,alittlearcaneandnotforeveryone.2.Whatwouldhappenifaluxurylowereditsentry-levelthroughcommoditization?Theluxurywouldimmediatelyloweredtheirvalue,anditmustbecomequotidian,notspecial.?TEXTATheReturnofLuxuryTopbrandsaregettingbacktotheircorevalues—andcustomers.It’sabouttime.

Itisaprettydepressingbusinesstrudgingonthroughthisdownturn,recession,depressionorwhateveryoureuphemismofchoiceforthefinancialG?tterd?mmerung.Andinthemidstofsuchoverpoweringdysphorialuxurymightseemtohavelittlepoint.However,Iwouldarguethatthesearethetimeswhenwemostneedcheeringupwithsmallhelpingsofthebetterthingsthatlifehastooffer.Nevertheless,ourrelationshipwithluxuryischanging.Onthemostfundamentallevel,theveryovertwayinwhichwehaveusedourpossessionstodemonstrateourstatusandcommunicatehowwewishtobeperceivedbyothersisnolongerregardedasacceptable.

Theoldmaximofnothingsucceedinglikesuccessneededconstantreinforcementthroughtheacquisitionoftrophies—yacht,jets,art.ThelastchairmanofMerrillLynch,JohnThain’s$1.2millionofficerefurbishmentspreewouldprobablyhavebeenregardedasperfectlyunremarkable18monthsago;todayitfallssomewherebetweenImeldaMarcos’sheroicsupportoffootwearindustryandNero’smusicalaccompanimenttotheflamesengulfingRome.Itwouldappearthatanunderstanding—really,amisunderstanding—developedwherebyworkinglonghoursandmakingagreatdealofmoneywereequatedwithvirtue.Forawhile,weallcolludedinthisstatusquo,withtheworld’srichspendingtheirmoneyinaverypublicwayfortheentertainmentoftherestofus,wholookedonasifatsomeancientRomanspectacle.Thegrowthofcelebritycultureencouragedustogawpattheirexcessesandmimictheirappearanceandhabits.Webecamemultilingualexpertsinbrandliteracy,andluxurybecameincreasinglyregardedasacommodity.Foranyonewhowantedtogetinonit,thegrandesmaisonsdeluxeobliginglyloweredtheirentryrequirements.

Ifwecouldnotaffordtheultraproductsthenwewereabletostartonthenurseryslopes.IcannotrememberwhenIfirstheardtheterm“entry-levelluxury,”butImustadmitthatmyheartsankwhenIdid.AndIsupposeitwasthiscommoditizationofluxurythatstruckmeasprimafacie,oxymoronic.IamasnobandIlikemyluxurytobejustthat:recherché,alittlearcaneand,quitefrankly,notforeveryone.Perhapsitisindicativeofsomepsychologicalfrailtyinme.However,Iunderstandthatthisisnotgoodbusiness,andinrecentyearstheluxurysectorhasboomedinpartbecauseofitemsthatwereaffordable.Thebrandbecameanendinitself,assumingatalismanicsignificance.TakeforinstanceLouisVuitton.MonsieurVuittonwasamakerofluggagein19thcenturyParis,anditwouldbeinterestingtopinpointexactlywhenLouisVuitton’sreputationforingenious,practicalandelegantluggagewasovertakenbythepowerofthebrand,nowassociatedwithawiderangeofproducts,fromchangepursestohighfashion.Whenabrandbreaksoutofitscomfortzone,ithastoworkhardertoconvincethecustomerthatitsproductsbeyonditsareaofexpertisehavelegitimacy.Vuittonisintheenviablepositionofhavingstartedoutonthisjourneyofconquestofnewspheresofoperationmanyyearsago.Nevertheless,itscurrentadvertisingcampaign—featuringaPanama-hattedSeanConnerywithatropicalislandinthebackgroundandthestrapline“Therearesomejourneysthatturnintolegends”—showhow,indifficulttimes,itiskeentostressitsauthenticityandreturntowhatinmarketingspeakiscalled“corecompetency.”Thesameistrueinasectorthathasbeenverybadlyaffectedbythefinancialdownturn:theluxury-carmarket.BentleyisamarquethatIhavelongrespected;Ihavewrittentwobooksaboutitscarsandthemenandwomenwhodrovethem.Forawhile,Ievenwrestledwithownershipofone,afabulousblackvintageturbo,beforerealizingthatIwasunequaltothefinancialstruggle.Bentley’schairman,Dr.FranzJosefPaefgen,tellsmeheisdealingwiththefinancialcrisisbyreturningtowhatthemarqueisknownfor.InBentley’scaseitmeansusingauniquesetofskillstomakecarsthathaveahand-builtpersonality,ratherthaninvestinginresearchtodevelopnewtechnologicalgimmickry.OfcourseBentleywillmakeuseofthelatesttechnicalexpertiseavailable…butonlyinsofarasitisconsistentwiththecharacterofthebrand.“Wehavetodeliverwhatourcustomersarelookingforandnotcreatetechnologieswhicharethensearchingforcustomersthatwantthem,”hesays.Increasingly,thisisthesortoflinethatluxurycompaniesneedtotakeiftheywanttoemergeformthecurrentcrisisintact.Inshort,itwillbeaprocessofrealigningproductswiththeheritageandreputationofthebrand—makingthemspecialintheirownwayratherthanembarkingonprogramsofbrandextension.

Untiltheendoflastyear,currencywasstillbeinggiventotheideathatthereisastratumofsocietythatissomehowrecession-proof.Thisnotionisnowdiscredited,notleastbecauseeventhosewhodohaveitcertainlydonotwanttobecaughtflauntingit;thoughtsofMarieAntoinetteandcakesspringtomind.ButIhavepickedupanecdotalevidencethatthereisactivityattheveryacmeoftheluxurypyramid.TheotherdayIwasspeakingtoJeanClaudeBiver,thebossofwatchbrandHublot,whonotedthatthoughitisimpossibletoescapetheseeffectsofthecrisis,timepiecescostingmorethan100,000Swissfrancsareprovinglessdifficulttosellthanthemoreaffordableproducts.IalsoheardfromNeapolitanbespoketailorMarianoRubinaccithatsomeofhiswealthiestindividualclientshavebeenintouchwithhimtoordernewclothes.Thetruthisthatoncewehavedigestedthepsychologicalimpactofthecrisis,andoncewehavecountedthefinancialcost,wewillagainbefacedwiththerealitiesofhumannature.Ithasbeentruefromthetimethatmanfirstgarnishedtheneckofhiscave-matewithanecklaceofanimalteeththatwehaveliked,onoccasion,torewardourselvesandthosewelovewithitemswenotreallyneed.“Whyshouldsomeonebuyanotherdiamondringfortheirwifeorfiancée?”asksCarolineScheuefele,co-presidentofthejewelerChopard,rhetorically.“Ofcourseyouhavethosewhowerenothurt,andtheyareinlove,andtheyaregoingtobuyaniceringfortheirfuturewife.”Ahungerforluxuryisahumaninstinct;it’sjustthatourappetitesgotoutofcheck.Therewillbeaperiodofreadjustment,anAugeanclearingofthebrandedbric-a-bracthatcametoclutterourlivesandobscurefromviewthebeautyoftrueluxury.Luxuryworksakindofmagiconus,butonlyifweallowittobespecialandrareratherthanquotidianandreadilyavailable.IrememberoncesuggestingtoAnne-MarieColban,proprietressofthelegendaryParisianchemisierCharvet,thatsheshouldthinkaboutappointingadistributorforhereauxdecologne.Shelookedmildlypainedandsaidsomethingalongthelinesof“Butthenitwouldbecometooavailable.”Sheunderstoodthatover-familiaritybreedstheriskofstrippingluxuryofitspowerthroughbanalization.ItwasStendhalwhosaid“Beautyisnothingotherthanthepromiseofhappiness,”andthesamecanbesaidofluxury.However,Iprefertherathermorecynicalobservationmadeinawonderfullywryfilmcalled“Nothingbutthebest.”Madein1964,itstarsAlanBatesasanambitiousyoungmanonthemake,whogivesvoicetooneoflife’seternaltruths:“Faceit;it’safilthystinkingworld,buttherearesomesmashingthingsinit.”IlikeitsomuchthatIhadittranslatedintoLatinandmadeitthemottoofaquarterlynewspaperIeditcalledFinch’sQuarterlyReview.Andastheworldhasturnedparticularlyfilthyandstinking,weneedthosesmashingthingsmorethanever.NotestoTextAItisaprettydepressingbusinesstrudgingonthroughthisdownturn,recession,depressionorwhateveryoureuphemismofchoiceforthefinancialG?tterd?mmerung.當前商業(yè)形勢令人沮喪,在低迷、衰退、蕭條——或許你還可以為當前金融崩潰找到另一種委婉的說辭——之中舉步維艱。downturn(下滑)、recession(衰退)、depression(蕭條)這三個詞用來指經(jīng)濟低迷的程度,由輕到重。本文作者認為,當前經(jīng)濟應(yīng)該用financialG?tterd?mmerung(金融崩潰)一詞來指,當然作者也并不一定要表達這個意思,而是作者用夸張的手法極力渲染這種悲涼的氣氛。有些人不愿承認經(jīng)濟崩潰的現(xiàn)實,往往用一些程度不重的詞來委婉的表達當前經(jīng)濟嚴重下滑的事實。當前的商業(yè)形勢就在這種背景之下舉步維艱。Andinthemidstofsuchoverpoweringdysphorialuxurymightseemtohavelittlepoint.焦躁不安的情緒籠罩在人們心頭,奢侈品似乎毫無意義。overpoweringdysphoria:難以阻擋的焦躁不安,即這種情緒籠罩在人們的心頭。

經(jīng)濟危機來了,有多少人還會有花錢買奢侈品意愿?奢侈品還有什么意義?但作者接下來接著說:然而,本人卻認為此時我們最需要買點生活給予的好東西,振作起來。NotestoTextA3.Onthemostfundamentallevel,theveryovertwayinwhichwehaveusedourpossessionstodemonstrateourstatusandcommunicatehowwewishtobeperceivedbyothersisnolongerregardedasacceptable.從最基本的層面來講,我們曾以財富彰顯地位,來傳達我們多么渴望得到別人的仰慕,但這種顯擺的方式再也得不到認可了。(這句話表明,奢侈品再不是以前那種用來顯擺、炫耀的東西,而是有一種難以名狀的東西,或許就是下文提到的“核心價值”吧。)4.Theoldmaximofnothingsucceedinglikesuccessneededconstantreinforcementthroughtheacquisitionoftrophies—yacht,jets,art.古諺云:一事成,事事成。但這需要購買如豪華游艇、私人噴氣式飛機和高檔藝術(shù)品等提高身價的東西才能不斷得以鞏固。Nothingsucceedslikesuccess.一事順心,萬事如意。trophy:在這里不是“獎杯”,“戰(zhàn)利品”的意思,而是由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的用法。作形容詞時,該詞的意思是:impressiveorostentatioussoastodisplayone’swealthorstatus.令人印象深刻的、炫耀的,以便可以用來顯示自己的財富和地位。這里用作名詞,意思是:用來炫耀財富和地位的游艇、私人飛機和高檔藝術(shù)品。

refurbishmentspree:豪華裝修、奢侈裝修。TodayitfallssomewherebetweenImeldaMarcos’sheroicsupportoffootwearindustryandNero’smusicalaccompanimenttotheflamesengulfingRome:而在經(jīng)濟低迷的今天,此事(美林證券老總狂擲120萬美元對辦公室豪華裝修)堪與伊梅爾達·馬可斯大力支持鞋革產(chǎn)業(yè)的壯舉齊名,亦可與暴君尼祿為了修建金殿而縱火焚燒羅馬城并彈琴狂歡有得一比。ImeldaMarcos:widowofformerPhilippinePresidentFerdinandMarcosandIronButterfly(鐵蝴蝶)duetoherabilitytosurvivepoliticalupheavalsthroughoutherlife.Atheryoungage,shewasknownas“RoseofTacloban”and“MuseofManila”(馬尼拉的繆斯女神).SheaccumulatedalargefortuneaftershemarriedPhilippinepresidentMarcos.AfterhefledtoHawaiiwithherfamily,shewasfoundtohaveleftbehind15minkcoats,508gowns,1,000handbags,and1,060pairsofshoes.Theexactnumberofshoesvarieswithestimatesofupto7500pairs.Therefore,theauthorherehumorouslymentioned“heroicsupportofthefootwearindustry”.Nero:aRomanEmperorfrom54to68.HeisinfamouslyknownastheEmperorwho“fiddledwhileRomeburned”(照彈琴,休管羅馬大火).HewasrumoredtobetheculpritoftheGreatFireofRomewhichlastedfivedaysandnightsin64AD.Anapocryphalstorytellsthathegloatedoverthecatastrophe,intoningTheFallofTroyundertheaccompanimentofthelyre(fiddle).NotestoTextA7.Forawhile,weallcolludedinthisstatusquo,withtheworld’srichspendingtheirmoneyinaverypublicwayfortheentertainmentoftherestofus,wholookedonasifatsomeancientRomanspectacle.世上的富人們張揚炫富,招搖過市,我等眾生就像是觀看古羅馬時代的盛大演出,對此,我們一度心照不宣。(我們一度在這種情況下與世上的富人們串通起來,他們很張揚,取樂咱們,我們也像是在觀看羅馬時代的盛大演出一樣。)collude:Several

local

officials

are

in

jail

on

charges

of

colluding

with

the

Mafia.幾位當?shù)毓賳T因被控勾結(jié)黑手黨而入獄。My

mother

colluded

in

the

myth

of

him

as

the

swanky

businessman.我母親和別人串通,把他杜撰成一個闊氣的商人。Thegrowthofcelebritycultureencouragedustogawpattheirexcessesandmimictheirappearanceandhabits.名人文化的興盛鼓動著咱們呆傻地看著富人的任性,效仿他們的打扮和習慣。celebrityculture:名人文化gawp:呆傻地注視著,觀看At

weekends

the

roads

are

jammed

with

holidaymakers

coming

to

gawp

at

the

parade.每逢周末,道路兩旁都擠滿了前來觀看流行的度假游客。excess:指富人的闊綽,大把地燒錢mimic:imitate模仿NotestoTextA10.Webecamemultilingualexpertsinbrandliteracy,andluxurybecameincreasinglyregardedasacommodity.在品牌識別能力方面,我們成了多語種專家,奢侈品已漸漸被認為是一種商品。(這句話的意思是說,有些人恐怕外語并不咋樣,即便是用英、法、意、韓等國的語言文字標識出來奢侈品,我們照樣認得。不是嗎?LV,很多人并不知曉它源自法語,但很多中國人知道那就是法國奢侈品。)multilingualexpert:多語種專家brandliteracy:literacy本指一個人的識字閱讀能力,這里的brandliteracy就是指在識別品牌方面。11.Foranyonewhowantedtogetinonit,thegrandesmaisonsdeluxeobliginglyloweredtheirentryrequirements.倘若有人打算享受一把,豪華酒店會殷勤地降低入住門檻。getinon:to

become

involved

with,

or

participate

in,

some

group,

organization,

or

activity.

Let

me

know

if

you‘d

like

to

get

inon

our

party

this

Saturday.

告訴我你要參加周六的聚會嗎?Why

don‘t

you

go

get

in

on

the

fun

with

the

other

kids?為啥不和其他孩子一起打打鬧鬧呢?obligingly:親切地、殷勤地NotestoTextA12.Ifwecouldnotaffordtheultraproductsthenwewereabletostartonthenurseryslopes:如果無力消費頂級奢侈品,我們就會從入門級起步。onthenurseryslope:(Skiing)

gentle

slopes

used

by

beginners

in

skiing

指供初學滑雪的人練習用的滑雪坡。結(jié)合文本語境,該短語轉(zhuǎn)喻為初次進入奢侈品領(lǐng)域的消費者從入門級奢侈品起步。13.AndIsupposeitwasthiscommoditizationofluxurythatstruckmeasprimafacie,oxymoronic.

竊以為,商品化的奢侈品乍一看似真實假。strikesb.as+形容詞給某人的印象是…….primafacie:true,authenticoradequateatthefirstsight,ostensible:第一眼看起來是真的oxymoronic:矛盾的,喻指看起來真的,實際上是假的。Oxymoron,本是英語中的一種修辭手法,即矛盾修飾法。第一段中的euphemism是委婉語修辭法,作者在語言方面的獨具匠心,可見一斑。14.IamasnobandIlikemyluxurytobejustthat:recherché,alittlearcaneand,quitefrankly,notforeveryone.本人冒充一下內(nèi)行,認為奢侈品應(yīng)該是這樣的:珍奇稀罕、略帶神秘。(當然作者是冒充內(nèi)行,他把自己假設(shè)成一個門外漢而對奢侈品略知一二,認為奢侈品至少都應(yīng)該是珍奇稀罕,而不是大眾化的商品。)

assumingatalismanicsignificance:(品牌已成為人們追求的目標,因為人們認為它)具有護符避邪的作用。assume:takeonacertainform,attributeoraspect具有……的屬性

Inhisdreams,themountainsassumedenormousimportance.在他的夢中,山有著至關(guān)重要的作用。16.pinpoint:精確地找出

本句的意思是:在19世紀的巴黎,威登先生專做旅行箱包。路易·威登最初以生產(chǎn)精巧、實用、典雅的旅行箱包揚名于世。如果能準確了解它最初的這種名聲究竟在何時被其品牌力量所超越,那一定會非常有趣,因為當前該品牌旗下有許多產(chǎn)品,從零錢包到高端時尚品,應(yīng)有盡有。Whenabrandbreaksoutofitscomfortzone,ithastoworkhardertoconvincethecustomerthatitsproductsbeyonditsareaofexpertisehavelegitimacy.然而,一旦某種品牌突破它在技術(shù)上游刃有余的產(chǎn)品,它就必須盡最大努力使顧客相信,超越于專業(yè)知識之外的產(chǎn)品并非冒牌。breaksoutofitscomfortzone:直譯過來的意思就是“突破了它的舒適區(qū)”,即突破了在技術(shù)上游刃有余的產(chǎn)品而生產(chǎn)其它類型的產(chǎn)品。expertise:專業(yè)知識legitimacy:本文指產(chǎn)品的合法性,作者用這個詞是指這些產(chǎn)品雖然不是某一品牌創(chuàng)建發(fā)家之時就開始生產(chǎn)的而是后來的延伸產(chǎn)品,但這類產(chǎn)品依然很正宗,而不是冒牌貨。marketingspeak:營銷行話

這兩句話的意思是:路易·威登艷煞天下,多年以前就踏上了征服其它業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的旅程。它目前的廣告宣傳——其畫面是在熱帶海島背景下戴著巴拿馬草帽的肖恩·康納利,廣告詞是“有些旅行本來就是傳奇”——表明了在經(jīng)濟蕭條時期,人們是多么渴望強調(diào)產(chǎn)品的真實性和回歸營銷行話里所稱之的“核心競爭力”。LV目前很受人們艷羨,原因在于它早早地開始征服其它業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域??导{利是蘇格蘭傳奇影星,一生在好萊塢主演無數(shù)經(jīng)典影片,以這位已經(jīng)年逾古稀的蘇格蘭硬漢為產(chǎn)品代言人,體現(xiàn)了人(康納利)與商品(LV箱包)都具有“核心競爭力”才能成功。22.Forawhile,Ievenwrestledwithownershipofone,afabulousblackvintageturbo,beforerealizingthatIwasunequaltothefinancialstruggle.本人曾絞盡腦汁地想擁有一臺那種妙不可言的經(jīng)典黑色渦輪增壓賓利車,但后來才意識到自己捉襟見肘。wrestlewith:

to

struggle

with

something

large

to

move

it

about;tostrugglewithadifficultproblem本義是指試圖搬動大物體,喻指處理一件非常困難的事。

The

twomen

were

wrestling

with

the

heavy

trunk

for

nearly

ten

minutes,

trying

to

get

it

up

the

stairs.兩個男人花了近十分鐘,費了九牛二虎之力,試圖那沉重的箱子搬上臺階。

We

wrestled

with

the

problem

and

finallydecided

to

go

ahead.我們費了很多心思解決了這個問題,最后決定繼續(xù)向前。wrestlewithownershipofone……要想盡一切辦法都要搞到手(成為一輛豪車的主人)

26.technologygimmickry:技術(shù)噱頭gimmickry:

something

designed

to

attract

extra

attention,

interest,

or

publicity;anycleverdevice,gadget,orstratagem,especiallyoneusedtodeceive

作者在這兒用了雙關(guān),gimmickry指用來吸引別注意力和興趣的東西,但這些東西華而不實,沒有多大用處。有些汽車或者手機就使用許多噱頭,增加亮點和賣點,但作者認為奢侈品不應(yīng)該靠這些東西為吸引消費者,而應(yīng)該回歸到本質(zhì)的“核心競爭力”。后來,作者以賓利車為例,指出賓利也會利用最新技術(shù),但僅限于符合本品牌特性的技術(shù)。27.insofaras…totheextentthatIgavehimthedetailsinsofarasIknewthem.我把了解到的細節(jié)都告知給他了。28.Increasingly,thisisthesortoflinethatluxurycompaniesneedtotakeiftheywanttoemergeformthecurrentcrisisintact.如果奢侈品牌要想從當前危機中全身而退,公

司就應(yīng)遵循這種思路。29.Untiltheendoflastyear,currencywasstillbeinggiventotheideathatthereisastratumofsocietythatissomehowrecession-proof.去年底之前,一直流行這樣一種觀點:有一群社會階層總能免受經(jīng)濟衰退的影響。currency:General

acceptance

or

use;

prevalence:

the

currency

of

a

slang

term一個俚語的流行30.Thisnotionisnowdiscredited,notleastbecauseeventhosewhodohaveitcertainlydonotwanttobecaughtflauntingit;thoughtsofMarieAntoinetteandcakesspringtomind.可是,現(xiàn)在人們卻不以為然了,尤其是因為固守此觀念的人擔心被人揪住,指責過于炫耀而有所收斂吧。殊不知瑪麗?安托瓦內(nèi)特皇后和蛋糕的故事向我們表明了“民眾吃不上面包,皇后照常吃得起蛋糕”。discredit:doubt,distrustbecaughtdoing:做什么事情時被抓住,如becaughtcheatingintheexam作弊時被抓住thoughtsofMarieAntoinetteandcakesspringtomind:有關(guān)安托瓦內(nèi)特與蛋糕的故事涌現(xiàn)在我的

腦海里。Antoinette是關(guān)于法國大革命戰(zhàn)爭前,法王路易十六之妻、臭名昭著的“赤字夫人”瑪麗·安托瓦內(nèi)特的典故。據(jù)史料記載,當聽聞民眾吃不上面包時,她竟然問道為什么不讓他們吃蛋糕。這有點類似于中國“何不食肉糜?”的故事。31.ButIhavepickedupanecdotalevidencethatthereisactivityattheveryacmeoftheluxurypyramid.我收集了一些帙聞趣事,它們可以證明當前奢侈品金字塔頂端非常活躍。pickup:collectorgatheractivity:energeticactionormovement,liveliness活躍,此處指那些有錢人(金字塔頂端)在經(jīng)濟衰退期間,購買奢侈品十分活躍,這些人不受經(jīng)濟衰退的影響(recession-proof)。以下作者舉了兩個實例(1)宇舶表(Hubhot)的老板讓·克勞德·比弗先生說,盡管無法擺脫危機的影響,但價格高達十萬瑞士法郎的鐘表比便宜的鐘表更好賣;(2)在那不勒斯專做服裝定貨的設(shè)計師馬里亞諾·魯賓那奇告訴我,一些最富有的客戶一直在與他聯(lián)系,訂做新裝。32.outofcheck:outofcontrolit’sjustourappetitesgotoutofcheck.我們的欲望徹底激發(fā)了出來。33.Therewillbeaperiodofadjustment,anAugeanclearingofthebrandedbric-a-bracthatcametoclutterourlivesandobscurefromviewthebeautyoftrueluxury.這得有一段心理調(diào)整期:那些把我們生活搞得亂七糟八的小擺件,使我們完全認識不到奢侈品的美,都應(yīng)統(tǒng)統(tǒng)扔掉,就像用河水把奧格阿斯國王骯臟的牛圈沖洗得干干凈凈一樣。這句中的aperiodofadjustment意思是指我們得調(diào)整一下原來對奢侈品的認識,說什么從入門級奢侈品起步之類的東西。把以前那些被視為奢侈品小玩意兒統(tǒng)統(tǒng)扔掉,要買就買真正的具有核心價值的奢侈品。假的奢侈品完全使我們根本就認識到真正的美。Augeanclearing:AugeanistheadjectiveformofAugeas,who,inGreekmythology,isakingknownforhisfilthystable.LaterthegreatheroHeraclescameforhelp,rerouting(改道)theriversAlpheusandPeneustowashthefilthwithinasingleday.Heretheauthorusesthemythologicalallusiontoinstructustogetridofthosebric-a-bracsonceandforall,asAugeashadhisfilthystablecleared.Bric-a-brac小擺件,飾品Clutter:把……弄亂34.lookedmildlypained:面露為難之色(科隆香水的女老板不愿意擴大增加分銷渠道,因為他知道,一旦如此,這種商品就會普及,那樣商品就會自降身價,變得平庸。)35.Sheunderstoodthatover-familiaritybreedstheriskofstrippingluxuryofitspowerthroughbanalization.她懂得,人們對奢侈品過于熟知就會釀成這樣的風險:奢侈品一旦平民化,魅力便蕩然無存。breed:醞釀Dirtbreedsdiseases.不衛(wèi)生引發(fā)疾病。Themovementbredarevolution.這場運動員醞釀著一場地革命。Familiaritybreedscontempt.親不敬,熟生蔑。strip…of剝奪Thecourtstrippedhimofhiscitizenship.法庭剝奪了他的公民權(quán)。banalization:平庸化becomingquotidianItwasStendhalwhosaid“Beautyisnothingotherthanthepromiseofhappiness,”andthesamecanbesaidofluxury.司湯達說過,“美不過是幸福的承諾”,奢侈品亦然。nothingotherthan:只不過是….However,Iprefertherathermorecynicalobservationmadeinawonderfullywryfilmcalled“Nothingbutthebest.”我更喜歡精彩絕倫的諷刺電影《倫敦奇案》展現(xiàn)的憤世嫉俗。Observation:An

inference,

judgment,

or

remark

that

is

made

by

observing:

通過觀察而得出的推斷、判斷或者一句話。本文中cynicalobservation指的是通過對社會現(xiàn)實的觀察而說出了憤世嫉俗的一句話:“這是個骯臟齷齪的世界(filthystinkingworld),但它又有許多美妙的東西(smashingthings)?!眞onderfullywry:精彩絕倫的讓人哭笑不得的奢侈品的回歸尼克·福爾克斯當前商業(yè)形勢令人沮喪,在低迷、衰退、蕭條——或許你還可以為當前金融崩潰找到另一種委婉的說辭——之中舉步維艱。焦躁不安的情緒籠罩在人們心頭,奢侈品似乎毫無意義。然而,本人卻認為此時我們最需要買點生活給予的好東西,振作起來。不過,我們與奢侈品的關(guān)系正在改變。我們曾以財富彰顯地位,來傳達我們多么渴望得到別人的仰慕,但從最基本的層面來講,這種顯擺的方式再也得不到認可了。古諺云:一事成,事事成。但這需要購買如豪華游艇、私人噴氣式飛機和高檔藝術(shù)品等提高身價的東西才能不斷得以鞏固。美林證券最后一任總裁約翰·塞恩狂擲120萬美元對其辦公室進行奢華裝修,如果回到一年半以前,這很有可能稀松平常;而在經(jīng)濟低迷的今天,此事堪與伊梅爾達·馬可斯大力支持鞋革產(chǎn)業(yè)的壯舉齊名,亦可與暴君尼祿為了修建金殿而縱火焚燒羅馬城并彈琴狂歡有得一比。以往似乎盛行這樣一種觀念,加班加點賺大錢等同美德,實際上這是一種誤解。世上的富人們張揚炫富,招搖過市,我等眾生就像是觀看古羅馬時代的盛大演出,對此,我們一度心照不宣。名人文化的興盛鼓動著咱們呆傻地看著富人的任性,效仿他們的打扮和習慣。在品牌識別能力方面,我們成了多語種專家。奢侈品已漸漸成為商品,倘若有人打算享受一把,豪華酒店會殷勤地降低入住門檻。如果無力消費頂級奢侈品,我們就會從入門級起步。我記不起何時第一次聽說過“入門級奢侈品”,我得承認當初聽到這一名字時,心都沉了。竊以為,商品化的奢侈品乍一看似真實假。本人冒充一下內(nèi)行,認為奢侈品應(yīng)該是這樣的:珍奇稀罕、略帶神秘。坦率地說,奢侈品不是人人都能擁有的?;蛟S,它表明了我內(nèi)心的脆弱。我也懂得這并非什么好事。近年來,奢侈品行業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展,部分原因就是奢侈品自降身價。品牌已成為人們追求的目標,因為人們認為它具有護符避邪的作用。

以路易·威登為例。在19世紀的巴黎,威登先生專做旅行箱包。路易·威登最初以生產(chǎn)精巧、實用、典雅的旅行箱包揚名于世。如果能準確了解它最初的這種名聲究竟在何時被其品牌力量所超越,那一定會非常有趣,因為當前該品牌旗下有許多產(chǎn)品,從零錢包到高端時尚品,應(yīng)有盡有。然而,一旦某種品牌突破它在技術(shù)上游刃有余的產(chǎn)品,它就必須盡最大努力使顧客相信,超越于專業(yè)知識之外的產(chǎn)品并非冒牌。路易·威登艷煞天下,多年以前就踏上了征服其它業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的旅程。它目前的廣告宣傳——其畫面是在熱帶海島背景下戴著巴拿馬草帽的肖恩·康納利,廣告詞是“有些旅行本來就是傳奇”——表明了在經(jīng)濟蕭條時期,人們是多么渴望強調(diào)產(chǎn)品的真實性和回歸營銷行話里所稱之的“核心競爭力”。因經(jīng)濟低迷而遭受沉重打擊的豪車市場也莫不如是。賓利是我夢寐以求的汽車,關(guān)于這種車和駕過這種車的各色男女,我寫過兩本書。本人曾絞盡腦汁地想擁有一臺那種妙不可言的經(jīng)典黑色渦輪增壓賓利車,但后來才意識到自己捉襟見肘。賓利總裁弗蘭茲·約瑟夫·柏富根博士告訴我,他打算回歸賓利的特色亮點,以應(yīng)對當前經(jīng)濟危機。對賓利而言,就是利用一套獨特的技術(shù)打造具有手工個性的汽車,而不是投資研發(fā)新的技術(shù)噱頭。當然,賓利也會利用最新技術(shù),但僅限于符合本品牌特性的技術(shù)。“我們得向客戶提供他們希求的東西,而不是開發(fā)技術(shù)后再去尋找需要這些技術(shù)的客戶,”他說。如果奢侈品牌要想從當前危機中全身而退,公司就應(yīng)遵循這種思路??偠灾?,這個過程就是將產(chǎn)品本身與品牌傳承和品牌信譽重新組合起來制造獨特的產(chǎn)品,而不是搞品牌延伸。

去年底之前,一直流行這樣一種觀點:有一群社會階層總能免受經(jīng)濟衰退的影響??墒?,現(xiàn)在人們卻不以為然了,尤其是因為固守此觀念的人擔心被人揪住,指責過于炫耀而有所收斂吧。殊不知瑪麗?安托瓦內(nèi)特皇后和蛋糕的故事向我們表明了“民眾吃不上面包,皇后照常吃得起蛋糕”。我本人的軼事也證明了當前奢侈品金字塔頂端非?;钴S。有一天,我采訪了宇舶表的老板讓·克勞德·比弗先生,他說,盡管無法擺脫危機的影響,但價格高達十萬瑞士法郎的鐘表比便宜的鐘表更好賣。在那不勒斯專做服裝定貨的設(shè)計師馬里亞諾·魯賓那奇告訴我,一些最富有的客戶一直在與他聯(lián)系,訂做新裝。一旦消化了危機的心理影響,一旦計算了經(jīng)濟成本,我們就會面對人性的現(xiàn)實,這才是真相。人類最初生活在洞穴里時,有時就像我們現(xiàn)在一樣拿一些并不需要的東西來獎賞自己和自己所愛之人,給同居一穴的配偶戴上一串用動物的牙齒做成的項鏈?!盀槭裁从腥艘o妻子或未婚妻再買一枚鉆戒?”珠寶商蕭邦聯(lián)合總裁卡洛林·舍費爾反詰道?!爱斎?,他們還未受到情傷,還在熱戀中,他們打算為未來的妻子買一枚漂亮的戒指?!?/p>

對奢侈品的渴求是人的本能;只不過我們的欲望被激發(fā)了出來。這得有一段心理調(diào)整期:那些把我們生活搞得亂七糟八的小擺件,使我們完全認識不到奢侈品的美,都應(yīng)統(tǒng)統(tǒng)扔掉,就像用河水把奧格阿斯國王骯臟的牛圈沖洗得干干凈凈一樣。奢侈品對我們是有魔力的,但只有讓它在獨特稀有而非司空見慣和觸手可及的情況下才會如此。安-瑪麗·寇班女士是夏爾凡襯衫品牌富有傳奇色彩的老板,記得有次我建議她應(yīng)該考慮委派一名科隆香水的分銷商。她顯得有些為難,說了這樣的話:“但那會使人們輕易就會得到它。”她懂得,人們對奢侈品過于熟知就會釀成這樣的風險:奢侈品一旦平民化,魅力便蕩然無存。司湯達說過,“美不過是幸福的承諾”。奢侈品亦然。不過,我更喜歡精彩絕倫的諷刺電影《倫敦奇案》展現(xiàn)的憤世嫉俗。該片攝于1964年,由主角阿蘭·貝茨飾演一位追名逐利、野心勃勃的年輕人,他一語道破了生活中一個永恒的真理:“正視它吧,這是一個骯臟齷齪的世界,但它又有許多美妙的東西?!蔽姨矚g這句話了,以至于我將它譯成拉丁語,把它當成是我任編輯的《奢侈文化和生活季刊》這份報紙的箴言。當這個世界變得如此骯臟與污穢的時候,我們比任何時候都更需要那些美妙的東西。

練習答案I.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.1.F(現(xiàn)在處于經(jīng)濟危機的深度衰退之中)2.T(把書上的句子中的people改成businessmen就好了。對于富人而言,一事成,事事順,他們不斷地買奢侈品來鞏固自己地位。)3.T 名人文化的興起使普通人對奢侈品都越來越熟悉了。4.T當然,作者不希望奢侈品商品經(jīng),否則,大家都買得起,那它就不稀罕了。5.F原文中提到ithastoworkhardtoconvince……,顯然人們是不會輕易認可的。6.F顯然錯誤,這只不過是一個隱喻的用法而已。7.T此句是正確的,文章中提到Ievenwrestlewithownershipofone意思是說,我甚至要想盡一切辦法都要擁有一輛賓利車,但自己沒那么強的經(jīng)濟實力。8.F此句是錯的。賓利老總只是想利用符合自己產(chǎn)品的技術(shù),決不搞什么技術(shù)噱頭。9.T(這句話很難判斷正誤,或許原句是想說:Commonpeoplecouldnotaffordbasiclivingthings,butrichpeopleareveryactiveinbuyingluxuries.) 10.T

Itwouldbecometooavailable.大意是說,那樣,科隆香水就唾手可得。后面又說,人們對奢侈品過于熟知,就會釀成奢侈品因平庸化的而失去魅力的風險。TextComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestions.Downturn,recessionordepression.Ofcourse.Weneedcheeringupwithluxuries.By“entry-levelluxury”,theauthormeansthefamousbrandswhichlowertheentryrequirements.Theauthorthinksthataluxuryshouldberecherché,alittlearcaneand,quitefrankly,notforeveryone.Hewoulddealwiththefinancialcrisisbyreturningtowhatthemarqueisknownfor.Inshort,itwillbeaprocessofrealigningproductswiththeheritageandreputationofthebrand—makingthemspecialintheirownwayratherthanembarkingonprogramsofbrandextension.Thetwoexamplesshowthatineconomicdownturn,richpeoplestillspendalotofmoneyonluxuries.Thesepeoplearerecession-proof.Thisfactshowsthatsincetimeimmemorial,ahungerforluxuryhasbeenahumaninstinct.Onlyifweallowluxurytobespecialandrareratherthanquotidianandreadilyavailabledoesitworksakindofmagiconus.Inthelastparagraph,smashingthingsmeanstheluxurieswhichareextraordinarilyimpressiveorfineorwonderful.III.Explaintheunderlinedpartofthefollowingsentences.whateveryourchoiceofamildtermforthefinancialcollapseortotaldestructionspendingexcessivemoneylavishlyandextravagantlyonthedecorationofhisoffice;lavishingmoneyonshoes(itissaidthatImeldaMarcospossessedthreethousandpairsofbrandedshoes)therebysubstantiallyboostingfootwearindustryWecanreadandwritethebrandnamesspeltindifferentlanguages.impressedmeasgenuineatthefirstsightofityetfalseafteracarefulexaminationgal,object,destination;havingmagicalandprotectivepowerbreaksthroughthezoneatwhichitisgoodorbestat;literallylegitimacymeanslawfulness,butinthiscontextitmeansthattheextendedproductsofabrandnamestillhavethequalityofbeinglegitimatetriedallconceivablemeanstohaveone;beforerealizingthatitwasfarbeyondmymeansorthatIcouldnotaffordonetheideawasprevailingthatasocialclassissomehowresistantagainstanyshockbroughtaboutbyeconomicdepressionIcouldprovewithmypersonalexperiencethatthoseveryrichpeopleattheverytopoftheluxurypyramidareveryactiveinandbusywithpurchasingluxurygoods.Wemustpsychologicallyreadjustourselvestorealizethatno“l(fā)ow-entrylevel”luxurygoodsmakeourlifemessyandmakeusfailtorecognizethebeautyofgenuineluxury,andthereforetheyshouldbediscardedandthrownawayjustasAugeasclearedawayhisfilthystable.

I.Matchthewordsandexpressionsontheleftwiththeexplanationsontheright.1.i 2.f 3.j 4.a 5.g6.d 7.h 8.e 9.b 10.cII.TranslateeachsentenceintoChinese,payingspecialattentiontotheunderlinedwordsorphrases.在這一事件中堅持下來是有了充足的創(chuàng)業(yè)信心的。(n.一些,一定量)再來一分牛排,我還沒吃飽。(n.一份)摘下你那滑稽可笑的帽子,別在出丑了。(n.盛大的演出)盛大的閱兵式非常壯觀。(n.壯觀)他從眼鏡框的上方看我。(n.alwaysinitspluralform眼鏡)如果包裝精美,我們就會認為里面裝的也是好東西。(vt.以為,假設(shè))克勞斯先生將出任首席執(zhí)行官,手下有4位經(jīng)理。(vt.承擔)品牌成了目的,具有了護符的意義。(vt.具有…特征)Vocabulary他表現(xiàn)出一副高高在上的樣子以獲得自我滿足。(vt.裝出(某種樣子))暫且假設(shè)我是你的訴訟當事人。(vt.姑且假設(shè))我曾經(jīng)絞盡腦汁地想搞到一臺賓利車,是那種妙不可言的經(jīng)典的黑色渦輪增壓賓利車,但后來我才認識到自己經(jīng)濟實力不夠。(vt.絞盡腦汁地想)經(jīng)濟衰退時期,我們的經(jīng)理們都有問題需要處理,可是他們?nèi)匀粍虺鰰r間來幫助我們應(yīng)付困難.(vt.試圖解決)執(zhí)法人員試圖將示威者拖出房間。(vt.用力移動)1964年約翰遜的大獲成功給政界帶來了翻天覆地的變化。(adj.轟動的,極好的,不一般的)一群年輕人開始砸玻璃。(vt.敲打)她懂得,人們對奢侈品過于熟知就會釀成這樣的風險:奢侈品的平民大眾化使之失去了魅力。(vt.蘊釀)作為一個土生土長的倫敦人,她不相信在鄉(xiāng)下呆一個月就會令她心煩意亂。(breed的過去分詞,養(yǎng)育,成長)這種新型的徒步旅行假日重在愉悅身心,而不是為了鍛煉耐力。(n.類型,種類)那些窮人象兔子一樣地生育(生得很多),降低了當?shù)氐纳钏健?breed一般指動物的繁殖,這里有貶義。)這位園藝工培育了一種新牡丹,其花瓣更大更厚。(vt.培育,養(yǎng)殖)Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswithanappropriateformofthewordgivenintheparentheses.demonstration 歐洲農(nóng)民正在計劃一場聲勢浩大的針對減少農(nóng)業(yè)補貼的游行示威。indicative 成交量和股指齊漲表明一輪新的牛市已經(jīng)啟動。assumption 自三月份掌權(quán)以來,政府的支持率依舊未減。frailties

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