Unit4HistoryandTraditions課文要點TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England-manypeopleareconfusedby被困惑于whatthesedifferentnamesmean意味著.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany如果有的話?GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistory動名詞短語作主語willhelpyousolvethispuzzle解決這個謎題.Thefirstparagraph：Explanationofitsgrammarandphrases.1.beconfusedby/about

對……有疑問/感到困惑2.what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句:1.Whatshesawgaveherafright.主語從句

2.ImanagedtogetwhatIwanted.賓語從句3.There’ssomethinginwhathesays.賓語從句4.That’swhatIwanttoknow.表語從句1.TheUnitedKingdom,GreatBritain,Britain,England-manypeopleareconfusedbywhatthesedifferentnamesmean.(Para1.Line1-3)〖句型剖析〗該句中ifany是省略句，其完整形式為ifthereisanydifference。Ifany為省略句式,意為“如果有的話”,if用作連詞。2.Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?(Para1.Line3-4)

其他類似的省略結(jié)構(gòu):ifso如果這樣的話ifnot如果不這樣的話ifever如果有過/發(fā)生過的話ifnecessary如果有必要的話ifpossible如果有可能的話完成句子

①留心看周圍的景色。否則,你遲早會后悔的。Keepyoureyesopenforthesurroundingviews.___________,youwillregretsoonerorlater.

②如果有必要我可以早點來。

Icouldcomeearlier,_______________.③Hasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?_____________,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.(2020天津)④請告訴我，如果有人要來的話，有多少？Pleaseletmeknowhowmanyarecoming,__________.

ifnecessary

Ifnot

Ifso

ifany動名詞短語做主語，謂語動詞常用_________。單數(shù)仿寫：①眼見為實。_________isbelieving.②在陽光下看書對我們的眼睛有害。_____________________isbadforoureyes.③學習哲學將為我們的生活打開另一扇窗。_____________________________anotherwindowtoourlives.SeeingReadinginthesunStudyingphilosophywillopen3.GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.(Para1.Line4)3.GettingtoknowalittlebitaboutBritishhistorywillhelpyousolvethispuzzle.

(Para1.Line6)稍微了解一下英國歷史,就會幫助你解開這個謎題?！驹~匯拓展】puzzleover/about苦思冥想;絞盡腦汁beinapuzzle(about)(對……)不知如何是好puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.困惑的;感到迷惑的be/feelpuzzledabout對……迷惑不解Puzzlen.謎;智力游戲;疑問

vt.迷惑;使困惑.單句填空①Thepolicearestillpuzzled

howtheaccidenthappened.

②Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremains

puzzletous.

③Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsucha

(puzzle)question,shestoodtherewithasurprisedlookonherface.

puzzlingaover/about

Inthe16thcentury,在16世紀

thenearby附近的countryofWaleswasjoinedto被加入到theKingdom王國ofEngland.Later,inthe18thcentury,thecountryScotland蘇格蘭wasjoinedto被加入到create創(chuàng)造theKingdomofGreatBritain大不列顛王國.Inthe19thcentury,theKingdomoflreland愛爾蘭

wasadded被添加tocreate創(chuàng)造theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandlreland.大不列顛和愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartoflrelandbrokeawayfrom脫離theUK,whichresultedin導(dǎo)致thefullname全稱wehave（定語從句）today:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

大不列顛和北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname簡稱（過去分詞作定語）:"theUnitedKingdom"or"theUK".PeoplefromtheUKarecalled"British"whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredto指的是asBritainorGreatBritain.Thesecondparagraph：1.Finally,inthe20thcentury,thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeaway

from

theUK,which

resultedin

thefullnamewehavetoday:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.(Para.2,Line7)

breakaway(from)

離開；脫離【詞匯拓展】breakdown(機器)出故障;(談判等)失敗breakin插嘴;闖入breakinto闖入;突然……起來breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā)breakup拆散;驅(qū)散;使(關(guān)系等)破裂;解散;分手breakthrough取得突破;克服單句填空①Thethieftriedtobreakaway

thepoliceman,buthefailed.

②Talksbetweenthembroke

withnoagreementreached.

③Inordertogetsomemoney,themanbroke

thatoldmachineandsoldsomeparts.

④Thehackerbroke

thebank’scomputersystem.

from

down

up

into

2.PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”,which

meanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.(Para2,Line13)

refer...to談到；查閱；參考；指的是；把……提交給bereferredtoas

被稱作…call命名；把……叫做

(name)eg.callthebabyAnna=thebabyiscalledAnna

Thefourcountriesthatbelongto從屬于theUnitedKingdomworktogether

緊密合作insomeareas地區(qū)，領(lǐng)域.Theyusethesameflag旗幟,knownastheUnionJack過去分詞短語作定語,aswellas

也；和

share分享thesamecurrency貨幣andmilitarydefence軍事防御.However,theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexample,England,Wales,Scotland,andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystems教育制度andLegalsystems.法律制度

Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions傳統(tǒng),like像theirownnationaldays國慶日andnationaldishes本國菜肴.Andtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforcompetitions比賽liketheWorldCup世界杯!課文第三段：語法和短語講解Thethirdparagraph：Explainationofitsgrammarandphrases.

1.Thefourcountriesthatbelong

totheUnitedKingdomworktogetherinsomeareas.(Para3.Line1)同屬于聯(lián)合王國的四個國家在某些領(lǐng)域緊密合作。【詞匯拓展】belongvi.應(yīng)在(某處);適應(yīng)belongto還可表示“是……的財產(chǎn);是……的組成部分;是……的成員(屬于)”,不能用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。belongingsn.

財產(chǎn);所有物;相關(guān)事物單句填空①Theteacherkeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuturebelongs

thewell-educated.

②Havingsoldmostofhis

(belong),healmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.

③ThemountainvillageIvisitedlastweekismadeupof30families

(belong)tofivenationalities.

to

belongings

belonging

【詞匯拓展】aswellas同(一樣也);和;還,在句中連接同等成分aswellas后接動詞時多用動詞-ing形式;當“AaswellasB”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)與A在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致aswellas...同……一樣好aswell也,置于肯定句句末may/mightaswelldosth最好做某事2.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,as

well

assharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(Para3.Line2)像擁有同樣的貨幣和國防一樣,他們也使用同一面國旗,稱為米字旗。單句填空①Thecoach,aswellastheplayers

(interview)shortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.

②Aswellas

(play)thepiano,Ilovereadingandlisteningtomusic.③Havingbeenpersuadedtochangemyattitude,Ifinallygottherightwaytoridmyselfofcarelessnessandgainedconfidence

well.

wasinterviewed

playing

as3.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(Para3.Line2)像擁有同樣的貨幣和國防一樣,他們也使用同一面國旗。defence

n.防御;保衛(wèi)【詞匯拓展】indefence保衛(wèi),防守indefenceof...為了保衛(wèi)……insb’sdefence為某人辯護defendvt.保護;保衛(wèi)defendagainst抵御defendoneself自我保護;為……辯護defend...from/against...保衛(wèi)……免受……傷害defensiveadj.防御的,保護的單句填空①WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim’ssuccessful

(defend)inthefootballgames?

②Studentsshouldbetrainedtodefendthemselves

someattacks.

③Hehashiredalawyer

(defend)himselfagainsthisaction.

defence

against/from

todefend

TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore,有一個長的和有趣

的歷史等你去探索which非限制性定語從句canhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions傳統(tǒng).AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedby被包圍著

evidence

證據(jù)offourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookover

占領(lǐng)；接管atdifferenttimes

在不同時期throughouthistory.貫穿整個歷史Thefirstgroup,theRomans,cameinthefirstcentury.在一世紀

Someoftheirgreatachievements成就included包括buildingtownsandroads,Next,theAnglo-Saxonsarrivedinthefifthcentury.

在五世紀Theyintroduced引進

thebeginningsoftheEnqlishlanauage,英語的雛形andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses.定語從句

Thefourthparagraph：Explanationofitsgrammarandphrases.

1.surround

vt.圍繞;包圍AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.(Para4.Line3)英國歷史上有四個不同民族在不同歷史時期執(zhí)掌這個國家,無論你身處英國何方,這些民族的遺跡都隨處可見?！驹~匯拓展】surround...with...使……包圍……besurroundedwith/by被……包圍surroundingadj.

周圍的surroundingsn.

環(huán)境單句填空①(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds

(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.

②Makesurethepeopleyousurroundyourself

aresupportive.

③Whenhecametolife,hefoundhimselflyingonthegroundand

(surround)bysomestrangers.

surrounding

with

surrounded

【名師點津】surround常常以非謂語的形式進行考查。2.evidence

n.證據(jù);證明AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK,youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.(教材原句)英國歷史上有四個不同民族在不同歷史時期執(zhí)掌這個國家,無論你身處英國何方,這些民族的遺跡都隨處可見。【詞匯拓展】thereissomeevidencethat...有證據(jù)證明……evidentadj.明顯的;明白的Itisevidentthat...顯然(很明顯)……evidentlyadv.顯然,明顯地;清楚地單句填空①It’s

(evidence)thattheystayuptoolatestudyingordoingsomethingelseatnight.

②

(evident),airpollutionisthemainfactorthathasresultedinthefrequencyofhazyweather.

完成句子③他拿不出足夠的證據(jù)證明這些錢屬于他。Hecouldn’tshow

thesemoneybelongedtohim.

evident

Evidently

enoughevidencethat

3.achievement

n.成就;成績;達到Someoftheirgreatachievementsincludedbuildingtownsandroads.(Para4.Line5)他們的一些偉大成就包括建立城鎮(zhèn)、修建了道路。【詞匯拓展】asenseofachievement成就感 achievevt.完成;達到vi.成功achieveone’ssuccess獲得成功

achieveone’sgoal達到目標單句填空①Becauseofhishardwork,theboyhasmademany

.(achieve)inhisacademics.

②Shehoped

(achieve)hergoaltobecomeasinger.

寫精彩完成句子·背誦③他在商界和政界都取得了一些成就。Hehas

inbusinessaswellaspolitics.

achievements

toachieve

madeachievements

4.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage,andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses．(Para4.Line6)peoplebuilthouses為定語從句修飾先行詞theway，其前省略了關(guān)系詞that/inwhich，此時關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作方式狀語。theway在后接定語從句中做狀語的三種表達：①theway+that定語從句

②theway+inwhich定語從句③theway+定語從句1)way表示“方式;方法”時，其后常接that或inwhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句,也可以將關(guān)系詞that/inwhich省略掉。2)way后接定語從句時,如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語則用關(guān)系代詞that/which,作賓語時可以省略。①Whatsurprisedmewastheway(that/which)hesaidit.

令我吃驚的是他說話的方式。Thewaythat/wichhesaiditsurprisedme.

他說話的方式令我吃驚?！菊Z境應(yīng)用】單句語法填空1)Tobehonest,Idon’tliketheway_____________youspeaktoher.2)Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindways_________determiningandcommunicatingwhatisreal.(2019北京)3)I’dliketosettletheprobleminaway___________ispeaceful.that/inwhichofthat/which第四段：Thefourthparagraph：TheVikingscameintheeighthcentury,在八世紀leftbehind

留下lotsofnewvocabulary詞匯,andalsothenamesofmanylocations

地方acrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormans.諾曼人Theyconquered征服Englandafterthewell-knownBattleofHastings

著名的黑斯廷斯戰(zhàn)役inthe11thcentury.Theyhadcastlesbuilt

使城堡被建allaroundEngland遍及英國,andmadechangestothelegalsystem,改革了法律制度

TheNormanswereFrench,somanyFrenchwordsslowlyentered進入intotheEnglishlanquage.

表使役的動詞：have,

make,

get等。have/get/make+n./pron.+p.p“使某事被做”1.Speak

a

little

louder

to

make

yourself

________

by

us

all.

(hear)2.We

should

work

harder

to

get

the

work

___________(recognize).3.Theyaregoingto______________________(種些樹)Attention:

have＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中具有以下含義：

1.主語“請別人做某事”

Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.（“檢查”的動作由醫(yī)生來進行）2.“遭受某一不愉快、不測的事情”Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourpursestolen.heardrecognizedhavesometreesplanted1.TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegalsystem.(Para4.Line9)拓展havesthdone某事被做（done作賓補，和前面的名詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系）havesbdosth使/讓/叫某人做某事,have為使役動詞，后面接動詞不定式作賓補，to省略；havesthtodo有...要做(主語自己做)，have表示“有”之意；havesb/sthdoingsth，讓某人一直做某事，讓某事持續(xù)發(fā)生，doing作賓補，和前面的名詞或代詞是主動關(guān)系won't/can'thavesbdoingsth不能容忍某人做某事典例練習1.Thepatientisgoingtohavehistemperature____________(take).2.I'llhavesomeone__________(repair)yourbicycle.3.I'llhaveyourbicycle___________(repair).4.Heissorrytohaveher__________(wait)solong.5.Wecan'thaveyou__________(speak)toyourparentsinsucharudeway.6.Don'tcallmethisafternoon.We'rehavingsomethingimportant_____________(discuss)then.takenrepairrepairedwaitingspeakingtodiscuss課文第五段：語法和短語講解Thefifthparagraph

Thereissomuchmoretolearnabout了解theinterestinghistoryandculture文化oftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountry

動名詞短語作主語willmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable更愉快.ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,asitisanancientportcity古老的港口城市thathasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes一直追溯到羅馬時期.Therearecountlesshistoricsites不計其數(shù)的歷史遺址toexplore,andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelics古代遺址fromallovertheUK.TheUKisafascinating

迷人的mix混合物ofhistoryandmodernculture,withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,留心；留意youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent現(xiàn)在.1.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopen,youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.如果你留心，你會很吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)你既能看到它的過去又能看到它的未來。(Para5.Line6)鞏固練習

變形1.surround(形容詞）(名詞)2.defence（動詞）3.

announce（名詞）4.evidence（形容詞）5.strike（形容詞）（過去式）6.greet（名詞）7.legal(反義詞）8.generous（名詞）9.eager（名詞）10.dot(過去式)surroundingdefendannouncementevidentstrikinggreetingillegalgenerosityeagernessdottedsurroundingsstruck句子1.如果你想讓自己被尊重，你必須首先尊重別人。(