2022年GRE考試真題卷八

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題號單選題多項(xiàng)選擇判斷題綜合題總分

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得分

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1.{{B}}Set2GeoIogyplateTectonics{{/B}}

WhydoestheprofessortalkaboutTuzoWiIson

A.Wilsondevelopedawarningsystemforearthquakes.

B.Wilsonwroteanarticlethatcontradictedscientificlaw.

C.Wilsonfirstproposedthetheoryofplatetectonics.

D.WilsondiscoveredseafloorspreadingintheNorthAtlantic.

2.

READINGSECTIONDIRECTIONS

TheReadingsectionmeasuresyourabilitytoreadandunderstand

passagesinEnglish.YouwiIIreadfivepassagesandanswerquestions

aboutthem.AnsweralIquestionsbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedin

thepassages.

Mostquestionsareworthonepoint.Thelastquestionineachsetis

worthmorethanonepoint.Forthisquestion,thedirectionswillindicate

howmanypointsyoucanreceive.

Somepassageshaveoneormorewordsinboldtype.Forthesebolded

words,youwiIIseeadefinitioninaglossaryattheendofthepassage.

AIIow20minutestoreadeachpassageandanswerthequestionsabout

it.Youmaynowbeginthefirstpassage.

{{BHSet1{{/B}}

NORTHAMERICANGRASSLANDS

1InNorthAmerica,nativegrasslandsoccurprimarilyintheGreat

Plainsinthemiddleofthecontinent.TheNorthAmericanprairiebiome

isoneofthemostextensivegrasslandsintheworId,extendingfromthe

edgeoftheRockyMountainsinthewesttothedeciduousforestinthe

east,andfromnorthernMexicointhesouthtoCanadainthenorth.Average

annualrainfalIrangesfromabout40cm(16inches)inthewestto80

cm(31inches)intheeast.Averageannualtemperaturesrangebetween

10degreesand20degreesCelsius(50to68degreesFahrenheit).Inthe

moistregionsoftheNorthAmericangrasslands,especiallyinthe

northernGreatPlains,rainfa11isdistinetIyseasonaltandtemperatures

canvarywidelyfromveryhotinsummertobittercoldinwinter.

2Onehundredyearsago,theGreatPlainsgrasslandswereonevast,

unbrokenprairie.Muchoftheprairieisnowfarmland,themostproductive

agr{culturalregionintheworld,dominatedby{(B)}monocuItures{{/B}}

ofcerealgrains.Wheat,barley,soybeans,corn,andsunflowersoccupy

thelandthatwasonceprairie.Inareasgivenovertograzinglandsfor

cattIeandsheep,virtuallyalIthemajornativegrasseshavebeen

repIacedby{{U}}aIien{{/U}}species.

3AnimportantfeatureofthenorthernGreatPlainsgrasslandsisthe

presenceofmiIIionsofgIaciaIdepressionsthatarenowsmaIIpondsknown

asprairiepotholes.TheywereformedduringthemostrecentIceAge,

whenstreamsfIowedintunnelsbeneathglaciallyformedsandyridges.

WhentheIceAgeendedaround12,000yearsagottheretreatingglaciers

createdabout25milliondepressionsacrossa300,000-square-miIe

landscape-about83potholespersquaremiIe.Astheiceblocksmelted,

muchofthewaterwasleftbehind,formingwetIandsranginginsizefrom

atenthofanacretoseveralacres.ThewetIandsweresoonsurrounded

byflutteringwavesofgrasses:shortgrass,mixedgrass,andtaiIgrass.

4{{11}}TodaythesesmaIIwetIandsstillcovertheprairies,although

muchoftheIandscape-includingbothnativegrassesandpothoIes—

hasbeentransformedtocroplandandgrasslandforgrazing.{{/U}}What

doesremainofthewetlands,however,stillservesasanimportant

breedingareaformorethan300birdspecies,includinglargenumbers

ofmigratingshorebirdsandwaterfowl.Thepotholesfillupwithwater

duringspringrainsandusuallydryoutbylatesummer.Everyspring,

birdsarriveingreatnumbers—northernpintaiIs,maIlards,coots,and

pied-biIIedgrebes-4to6millionstrong,tomateintheseasonaI

wetlandsthatdotportionsofMinnesota,Iowa,NorthandSouthDakota,

Montana,Alberta,Saskatchewan,andManitoba.Prairiepotholecountry

produceshalfofNorthAmerica5s35to40miIIionducksandisrenowned

worIdwideasa11{{U}}duckfactory{{/U}}.n

5RecentIybioIogistshavediscoveredthattheprairiepothoIeregion

ispotentiaIIyavastcarbonsink:anaturalspongethatabsorbscarbon

dioxideemissionsfromcars,factories,andpowerplants.Carbondioxide

isthemostcommonofalIthepollutantsactingasgreenhousegasesthat

heatuptheatmosphere.Fortunately,however,carbondioxideiscaptured

naturallyandstoredintrees,soil,andplants.Scientistshavetermed

{{U}}this{{/U}}Mcarbonsequestration."Theyhavedeterminedthat

prairiepothoIesholdanaverageof2.5tonsofcarbonperacreperyear

whennotbeingfarmed.ThismeansthatiftheentirepothoIeregionin

theUnitedStatesandCanadaweretostopbeingfarmed,theregionwould

storeabout400milliontonsofcarbonover10years-theequivalentof

takingaImost4miIIioncarsofftheroad.Thus,preservingthepotholes

couldbeawayto{{U}}offset{{/U}}greenhousegasemissionsthatare

warmingtheplanet.

Glossary:

biome:oneoftheworld5smajornaturalcommunities,classifiedby

predominantvegetation

monoculture:cultivationoflargelandareaswithasingleplant

varietyPOLITICALSYSTEMSOFTHETWENTIETHCENTURY

1Monarchyisaformofgovernmentinwhichauthorityisheldbya

singleperson,amonarch,whoserighttoruleisgenerallyhereditary

andIifeIong.Atthestartofthetwentiethcentury,monarchsruledover

mostoftheworld,butbythemiddleofthecentury,onlyahandful

remained.AseriesofrevoIutionsintheprecedingcenturieshadweakened

theEuropeanmonarchies,andwhilemonarchsremainedsymboIsofnationaI

unity,realpowerhadpassedtoconstitutionalassembIies.Monarchy

survivedasaforminEuropeonlywherethekingorqueenfunctionedas

thesymboIicheadofapariiamentarystate,asinBritain,theLow

Countries,andScandinavia.ItlastedlongerinthefewsmalIstatesof

AsiaandAfricathathadnevercomeunderdirectcolonialrule.Bythe

1960s,autocraticmonarchyhadbecomeanoutdatedformofgovernment.

Throughoutmostoftheworld,peopIewereconsideredcitizens,not

subjects,andthetotalityofthepeopIewereseenasconstitutingthe

state.

2Inmoststateswheremonarchicalauthoritywasremoved,someform

ofIiberaldemocracytookitsplace.AIiberaldemocracyisastatewhere

poIiticaIauthorityrestsinthepeopIeactingthrougheIected

representativesandwhereaneIectedexecutiveisresponsibIetothewiII

ofthepeopIeasawhoIe.{{U}}Theterm{{/U}}appliestoabroadgroup

ofstateswithaparIiamentaryorrepresentativepoliticaltradition.

Liberaldemocraciesdifferfromthecommuniststatesknownas{{U}}people5

sdemocracies{{/U}},inwhichtheCommunistpartyholdstheu11imate

authority.GeneraIIy,IiberaIdemocraciesfollowtheparIiamentary

{(Ul}pattern{{/U}},withtheexecutivepowervestedinacabinet

responsibletotheparIiamentanddrawnfromthemajoritypartyor

combinationofparties.IntheUnitedStates,anindependentIyeIected

executive,thepresident,functionsseparatelyfromthelegislative

authority,thecongress.

3ThedoctrinethatalIofthepeopIehadeffectiveauthority,or

sovereignty,becamethebasisforthefunctioningofdemocraticstates.

ThisdoctrineofpopuIarsevereigntybecameal(-inclusiveascitizenship

rightswereextendedtoclassesformerlyexcIudedandtowomen.The

Iiberaldemocraticstateclaimedtherighttocontroleveryaspectof

humanIifeaccordingtothewiIIofthepeople,exceptwhereIimitson

statecontrolweredirectlystatedinabillofrightsinademocratic

constitutionandrecognizedinpractice.

4AlIdemocraticstates,bothparIiamentaryandpresidentiaI,changed

informduringthetwentiethcentury.Tomeettheneedsofanurban

industrialsociety,statesgenerallyenlargedtheirscopeofactivity

tocontroleconomicpowerandtoprovidecommonservicestothepeopIe.

TheexpansionofstateactivityandextensionofstateservicesinvoIved

anewviewoflegislationanditsroleinsociety.Thepassingoflaws

cametobeseenasawaytopromotetheweIIbeingofthepeople.With

thisnewconceptoflegislation,thenumberofnewlawsincreased

immensely,particuIarIyintheareasofsociaIweIfare,education,health

andsafety,andeconomicdevelopment.

5ThetrendtowardIiberaldemocracycontinuedthroughoutthecentury,

butatvarioustimestherewasalsoatendencytowardarevivalof

authoritarianrule.Inanumberofstates,democraticgovernmentscould

notcopewiththecrisesofthetime.{{U}}Inthesecases,someformof

totalitariandictatorshipemerged,replacingpopularsovereigntywith

thetotalpowerofthestate.{{/II}}Insomeinstances,monarchygaveway

directlytodictatorship.Inothers,dictatoriaIregimestookover

democraticallyorganizedstates,notabIyinEasternEuropeintheyears

betweenthetwoworIdwars,innewstatesofAsiaandAfricainthe1950s,

andsporadicallyinCentralandSouthAmerica.

6Authoritariangovernmentsshowedthreeprinciplecharacteristies.

First,therewasaheadofstateorleaderwithexceptionaIpowers,with

apartytosupporthim.Second,thelegislativebodywaseIectedbya

systemthatprohibitedpartiesopposedtotheregime,andthird,there

wasabureaucraticadministrationthatwasinnowaysubjecttopopular

control.ThemostextremepositiononthesepointswastakenbyHitler5

stotalitarianNationaISociaIistStateinthe1930s.

Glossary:

autocratic:characterizedbyuniimitedpower

autocratic:characterizedbycompIeteobediencetoauthority,Iacking

individualfreedom

Theword{{U}}survived{{/U}}inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto

A.remained

B.developed

C.changed

D.returned

4.{{B}}Set5{{/B}}

THEDOMESTICATIONOFANIMALS

1ThedomesticationofwiIdspeciesleddirectlytodenserhuman

populationsbyyieldingmorefoodthanthehunter-gathererIifestyle

couldprovide.Insocietiesthatpossesseddomesticanimals,Iivestock

heIpedtofeedmorepeopIebyprovidingmeat,milkfandfertiIizer,and

bypullingplows.Largedomesticanimalsbecamethesocieties'main

sourceofanimalprotein,replacingwiIdgame,andtheyalso

{{U}}furnished{{/U}}woolrleather,andlandtransport.Humanshave

domesticatedonlyafewspeciesoflargeanimals,with"large“defined

asthoseweighingover100pounds(45kilograms).Fourteensuchspecies

weredomesticatedbeforethetwentiethcentury,alIofthemterrestrial

mammaIsandherbivores.Thefivemostimportantofthesearesheep,goats,

pigs,horses,andcattIeoroxen.

2SmalIanimalssuchasducks,geese,rabbits,dogs,cats,mink,bees,

andsiIkwormshavealsobeendomesticated.ManyofthesesmalIanimals

providedfood,cIothing,orwarmth.However,noneofthempulledplows

orwagons,nonecarriedriders,andnoneexceptdogspulledsleds.

Furthermore,nosmalIdomesticanimalshavebeenasimportantforfood

ashavelargedomesticanimals.

3EarlyherdingsocietiesquicklydomesticatedalIlargemammal

speciesthatweresuitablefordomestication.Thereisarchaeological

evidencethatthesespeciesweredomesticatedbetween10r000and4,500

yearsagorwithinthefirstfewthousandyearsoftheoriginsof

farming-herdingsocietiesafterthelastIceAge.Thecontinentof

Eurasiahasbeentheprimarysiteoflargemammaldomestication.Having

themostspeciesofwiIdmammaIstobeginwith,andlosingthefewest

toextinetioninthelast40,000years,Eurasiahasgeneratedthemost

candidatesfordomestication.

4DomesticationinvolvestransformingwiIdanimalsintosomething

moreusefultohumans.Trulydomesticatedanimalsdifferinmanyways

fromtheirwiIdancestors.Thesedifferencesresultfromtwoprocesses:

humanseIectionofindividuaIanimalsthataremoreusefuItohumansthan

otherindividualsofthesamespecies,andevolutionaryresponsesof

animalstotheforcesofnaturalseIectionoperatinginhuman

environmentsratherthaninwildenvironments.

5Tobedomesticated,awiIdspeciesmustpossessseveraI

characteristics,{{U}}Acandidatefordomesticationmustbeprimarily

aherbivorebecauseittakeslessplantbiomasstofeedaplanteater

thanitdoestofeedacarnivorethatconsumesplanteaters{{/U}}.No

carnivorousmammaIhaseverbeendomesticatedforfoodsimplybecause

itwouldbetoocostly.Acandidatemustnotonlyweighanaverageof

over100poundsbutaIsogrowquickIy.Thateliminates{{U}}goriIlasand

elephants{{/U}},eventhoughtheyareherbivores.Moreover,candidates

fordomesticationmustbeabletobreedsuccessfuIIyincaptivity.

6SinceaImostanysufficientIylargemammalspeciesiscapableof

killingahuman,certainquaIities{{U}}disquaIify{{/U}}awildanimal

fordomestication.Theanimalcannothaveadispositionthatisnasty,

dangerous,orunpredictable—characteristicsthateliminatebears,

Africanbuffaloes,andsomespeciesofwiIdhorses.Theanimalcannot

besonervousthatit{{U}}panics{{/U}}aroundhumans.Largeherbivorous

mammalspeciesreacttodangerfrompredatorsorhumansindifferentways.

Somespeciesarenervous,fast,andprogrammedforinstantfIightwhen

theyperceivedanger.Othersarelessnervous,seekprotectioninherds,

anddonotrununtiInecessary.MostspeciesofdeerandanteIopeare

oftheformertype,whilesheepandgoatsareofthelatter.

7AImostalIdomesticatedlargemammaIsarespecieswhosewiId

ancestorssharethreesociaIcharacteristics:Iivinginaherd,

maintainingadominancehierarchyintheherd,andhavingherdsthat

occupyoverIappinghomerangesinsteadofmutuaIIyexclusiveterritories.

Humanshavetakenadvantageofthesecharacteristicsinkeepingdomestic

animalstogetherwithothersoftheirspeciesandincloseproximityto

otherspeciesofdomesticanimals.

Glossary:

terrestrial:livingonlandratherthaninwater

herbivores:animalsthatfeedmainlyonplants

Accordingtothepassage,whatbenefitoflargedomesticanimalsisnot

alsoprovidedbysmalIanimals

A.Asourceoffood

B.Asourceofclothing

C.Theabilitytopullaplow

D.Theabilitytoberidden

5.({BUSet3{{/B}}

THESENSEOFSMELL

1SmelIisthemostdirectofalIthesenses.Itisthoughttobethe

oldestsenseintermsofhumanevolution,whichmayexplainwhysmelI

is{{U}}hard-wired{{/U}}intothebrain.Theolfactorynerve,which

managestheperceptionofsmeIIs,isessentiallyanextensionofthebrain.

TheolfactorynerveprovidesadirectIinkfromreceptorsatthetopof

thenosetotheportionofthebrainthatcontrolsmemory,emotion,and

behavior.

2TheoIfactorysystem{{U}}detects{{/U}}certainairbornechemicals

thatenterthenoseandthentransmitsthischemicaIinformationtothe

Iimbicsysteminthebrain.Theolfactoryregionattheupperendofeach

nostriIisyeIIowymoist,andfulIoffattysubstances.Theshadeof

yeIlowindicatesthestrengthofthesenseofsmelI:thedeepertheshade,

thekeenerandmoreacuteitis.AnimalshaveaverystrongsenseofsmeIIr

sotheirolfactoryregionsaredarkyeIlowtoreddishbrown,whilethose

ofhumansareIightyeIIow.

3Whenanodoroussubstanceentersthenose,itbindstoolfactory

receptorcells,theneuronsliningtheyellowupperportionofthenasal

cavity.01factoryreceptorcellscontainmicroscopichairscalledciIia

thatextendintothelayerofmucuscoatingtheinsideofthenose.Odor

moIecuIes{{U}}diffuse{{/U}}intothisregionandareabsorbedbythe

ciliaoftheolfactoryreceptorcelIs.Whatthismeansisthatwhenwe

holdarosetoournoseandinhale,odormoleculesfloatupintothenasal

cavity,wheretheyareabsorbedbyfivemiIIionoIfactoryreceptorcelIs.

Thereceptorcellsalerttheolfactorynerve,whichsendsimpulsesto

thebrain5solfactorybulb,orsmeIIcenter.Thus,olfactoryinformation

abouttheroseentersthebrain,sIimbicsystem,where,inmostofus,

itstimulatesafeelingofpleasure.

4Thelimbicsystemofthebrain{{U}}iintegrates{{/U}}memory,

emotion,andbehavior.Thesystemiscomposedofagroupofrelated

nervoussystemstructuresthatarethefunctionaIcenterofemotionssuch

asanger,fear,pleasure,andsadness.ThecomponentsoftheIimbicsystem

areIinkedtothecerebralcortex,thepartofthebraininvoIvedin

compIexlearning,reasoning,andpersonality.Thecerebralcortexmakes

decisionsabouttheemotionaIcontentoftheseuniquehumanquaIities

after"consulting"theIimbicsystemandotherbraincentersin

processingandretrievingmemories.Itmay,inturn,usememoriesto

modifybehavior.

5Scentmaybethestrongesttriggerofmemoryandemotions.Whenwe

inhaleascent,receptorsinthebrain'sIimbiccentercomparetheodor

enteringournosetoodorsstoredinourmemory.Alongtheway,memories

associatedwiththoseodorsarestimulated.Asme11canbeoverwhelmingly

nostalgicbecauseittriggerspowerfulimagesandemotions.Thewaxy

fragranceof{{U}}crayons{{/U}}caninstantlytransportustoour

second-gradeclassroom,orthescentof{{U}}freshlymowngrass{{/U}}

canflooduswiththejoyofsummerfreedom.{{U}}Whatweseeandhear

mayfadequicklyinshort-termmemory,butwhatwesmeIIissentdirectIy

tolong-termmemory.{{/U}}

6SmeIIscanincreaseaIertnessandstimuIateIearningandretention.

Inonestudy,chiIdrenmemorizedawordIist,whichwaspresentedboth

withandwithoutaccompanyingscents.ThechiIdrenrecalledwordsonthe

IistmoreeasilyandwithhigheraccuracywhentheIistwasgivenwith

scentsthanwithout,showingtheIinkbetweensmeIIandtheabilityto

retaininformation.Inanotherstudy,researchersexaminedhowvarious

sme11scanincreasealertnessanddecreasestress.Theyfoundthatthe

scentofIavendercouIdwakeupthemetaboIismandmakepeopIemoreaIert.

TheyalsofoundthatthesmeIIofspicedapplescouldreduceblood

pressureandavertapanicattackinpeopIeunderstress.

Glossary:

nostalgic:causingadesireforthings,persons,orsituationsofthe

past;causinghomesickness

retention:theactofretaining;keeping,holding,ormaintaining

Theword{{U}}detects{{/U}}inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto

A.notices

B.destroys

C.fights

D.compares

6.

LISTENINGSECTIONDIRECTIONS

TheListeningsectionmeasuresyourabilitytounderstand

conversationsandlecturesinEnglish.YouwiIIneareachconversation

andlectureonlyonetime.Aftereachconversationorlecture,youwi11

hearsomequestionsaboutit.Answerthequestionsbasedonwhatthe

speakersstateorimply.

YoumaytakenoteswhileyouIisten.Youmayuseyournotestohelp

youanswerthequestions.Insomequestions,youwiIIseethisicon:This

meansthatyouwiIIhear,butnotsee,partofthequestion.

SomequestionshavespeciaIdirections,whichappearinagraybox.

Mostquestionsareworthonepoint.Ifaquestionisworthmorethanone

point,thedirectionswiIIindicatehowmanypointsyoucanreceive.

YouwiIInowbeginthefirstpartoftheListeningsection.

{{B}}Set1Conversation{{/B}}

Whydoesthemantalkabouthisdog

A.Hisdogenjoysvisitingthecampus.

B.Heneedstobuyspecialfoodforhisdog.

C.HisdogdestroyedhisstudentIDcard.

D.Heisworriedabouthisdog'shealth.

7.{{B}}Set4{{/B}}

THETRICKSTERFIGUREINMYTHOLOGY

1Inthestudyofmythology,thecharacterknownasthetricksteris

agodrspirit,human,oranimalwhobreakstheruIesofthegodsornature,

sometimesmaIiciouslybutusuallywithresultsthatarepositive.The

rulebreakingoftentakestheformof{{B}}mischief{{/B}}or

{{B}}thievery{{/B}}.ThetricksterisusuallymalebutoccasionaIIy

disguiseshimselfinfemaIeform.Hecanbecunningorfoolish,orboth,

andoftenveryhumorous.Hiscuriosityleadshimintotrouble,buthe

rescueshimselfwithhisslywit.{{U}}Whenheplaystricks,heperforms

importantculturaltasksthatbenefithumans,andforthisreasonthe

tricksterisasignificantfigureinworldmythoIogy.{{/U}}

2Indifferentcultures,thetricksterandtheheroarecombinedin

variousways.InGreekmythology,PrometheussteaIsfirefromthegods

andgivesittohumans,afeatmakinghimmoreofaherothanatrickster,

andheisusuallyportrayedasaninteIIectuaI.InmanyNativeAmerican

stories,CoyotealsosteaIsfirefromthegods,butCoyoteisusually

moreofajokesterorapranksterthananinteIIectuaI.

3Thetricksterisbothcreatoranddestroyer,giverandtaker,one

whotricksothersandistrickedinreturn.The{{11}}pranks{{/U}}ofthe

tricksterarecompuIsiveanduncontroIIable.HedoesnotactconsciousIy;

heactsoutofpassionandimpulse.Heknowsneithergoodnorevil,yet

heisresponsiblefor{{11}}both{{/U}}.Hepossessesnomorals,yet

throughhisbehaviormoraIitycomesintobeing.AccordingtopsychoIogist

CarIJung,thetricksteris"aprimitivecosmicbeingofdivine-animal

nature,ontheonehandsuperiortomanbecauseofhissuperhuman

quaIities,andontheotherhandinferiortohimbecauseofhisunreason

andunconsciousness.n

4InNativeAmericanmythoIogy,themajorityoftrickstermyths

concernthecreationortransformationoftheearth.Suchstorieshave

atricksterwhoisalwayswandering,whoisalwayshungry,whoisnot

guidedbynormalideasofgoodandevil,andwhopossessessomemagicaI

powers.Insomestoriesheisadeity,andinothersheisananimalor

humansubjecttodeath.SeveralofthesemythsfeatureRavenorCoyote

asthetrickster-hero.

5InmanycreationmythsofthePacificNorthwest,RaveniIlustrates

thetransformationalnatureoftricksters.Ravenisthegreatest

shapeshifterofalIandcanchangeintoanythingtogetwhathewants.

Inonestory,thereisdarknessatthebeginningoftheworld,soRaven

decideshewillfindIight.Hefliesfarfromtheearth,searchingin

thedarkness,untiIhespotsaglimmerofIightcomingfromawindowin

thehouseofthegods.Ravenknowsthegodsareprotectiveoftheir

possessions,sohedevisesatrick.Heperchesonapinebranchnextto

thehouseandwatcheseachdayasthechiefgod,sdaughterdrawswater

fromanearbylake.HemagicaIIytransformshimselfintoa{{B}}pinyon

seed{{/B}}andfallsintothegirl'sdrinkingcup.ThegirlswaIIows

theseed,whichgrowswithinherbody,andsheeventuaIIygivesbirth

toaboy.ThechilddeIightshisgrandparents,andhislaughtertricks

theeldergodsintorevealingwheretheyhideashiningballofIight.

ThegodsgivethechildthebaIItoplaywith,andthenRaventransforms

backtoabirdandfliesoffcarryingthebaIIofIightinhisbeak.He

hangsthebaII-thesun-inthesky,bringingIighttotheworld.

6CoyoteJscharacterissimilartothatofRaven's,andbothappear

instoriescarryingoutsimilarroles.Inseveralstoriesfromthe

AmericanSouthwest,CoyotesteaIsfirefromagroupofMfirebeings”and

givesittohumans.InsometalesCoyotewantstomakehumanIifemore

interesting,soheintroducessickness,sorrow,anddeath.Heoften

teachesthroughnegativeexampIebyempIoyingthehumanvicesoflying,

cheating,andsteaIing.HistricksoftenbringaboutdestructivenaturaI

phenomena,suchasagreatfloodthatdestroystheearth.However,by

causingtheflood,Coyoteleadsthehumanracetoanewandbetterwo