EnglishBasicTenses2021/5/91他每天都來(lái)。他昨天來(lái)了.他已經(jīng)來(lái)了.他明天來(lái).

漢語(yǔ)借助詞匯手段而非詞的形態(tài)變化來(lái)表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生,而英語(yǔ)主要通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化來(lái)表現(xiàn).任何句子都要先注意時(shí)態(tài).Hecameyesterday.Hehascome.Hewillcometomorrow.Hecomeseveryday.2021/5/92

語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí).過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)v./v-s/esV-edwill+vwould+v.had+donehave/has+donehave/hasbeen+V-ingam/is/are+V-ingwas/were+V-ing2021/5/93

語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)willbedoing將來(lái)完成時(shí)willhavedone2021/5/94導(dǎo)入之一：Howisyourdailylifeasahighschoolstudent?(using3sentencesormore,使用實(shí)意動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞,注意動(dòng)詞形式變化)2021/5/95

2.用法:

1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如often,usually,always,everyday/year,sometimes,onSunday等。2)表示不受時(shí)間限制的科學(xué)事實(shí)或客觀真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.IstudyhardeverydayandIgetalongwellwithmyclassmates,butsometimesImissmyfamilies.一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(TheSimplePresenttense)1.結(jié)構(gòu):do/does

2021/5/963）汽車、飛機(jī)、會(huì)議等按時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生的事。

Thetrain

leaves

atthreethisafternoon.Themeetingstartsat2:00p.m.4）在時(shí)間、條件、方式、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),即主將從現(xiàn)。

Ifit___(be)finetomorrow,we_______(go)tothecountryside.Ifhe______(come)thisafternoon，we__________(have)ameeting.

iswillgocomeswillhave2021/5/97Example:

I_______(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways________(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe_______(not)havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow.We_______(be)happyatthattime.spentplayeddidn’twere導(dǎo)入之二：Howdidyouspendyourchildhood?2021/5/98二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)(TheSimplePastTense)1.結(jié)構(gòu):謂動(dòng)用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(V-ed)2.用法:在過(guò)去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,in1982等。2021/5/99examples:HewasinBeijingsomeyearsago.ShetraveledinEuropelastyear.WhenIwasatcollage,Iwrotehomeonceaweek.Hewettotown,boughtsomebooksandvisitedhisdaughterlastSunday.Hesaidhewouldgoforaholidaywhenhe

finishedhiswork.2021/5/910猶如picture導(dǎo)入之三：Howwillyouspendyourwinterholiday?Iwill…I’mgoingto…2021/5/911三.一般將來(lái)時(shí).表示將來(lái)時(shí)的四種形式①will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形②begoingtodo③beabouttodo④betodo2021/5/912begoingto

有很強(qiáng)的計(jì)劃性，打算干什么，而will表示談話時(shí)臨時(shí)決定的意圖，具有臨時(shí)性和偶然性。①----Thetelephoneisringing.----I_____answerit.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto

②---Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?---I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.didbegoingto可用來(lái)表達(dá)某種跡象要發(fā)生的事。而will不能表示

Lookattheclouds!It__________rain.isgoingto√√2021/5/9133.beto

表示因約定、計(jì)劃，職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,或客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。

begoingto

表示主觀的打算或計(jì)劃。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.2021/5/9144．beabouttodo表示“正要干什么…”，1)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2)常與when連用，when此時(shí)意思：就在這時(shí)，是并列連詞.構(gòu)成句型：…beabouttodo…when….

Eg:Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained.2021/5/915四.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(ThepastfuturesimpleTense)1.用法:過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中.2.結(jié)構(gòu):should/would+動(dòng)詞原形Theboypromisedhewouldworkhard.ItoldmyparentsIshouldreturnearly.2021/5/916導(dǎo)入之五：Whataretheydoingnow?

Theyareplayingbasketball.2021/5/917五.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1．表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行而尚未完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)①Idon’treallyworkhere.I’mhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.②Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology___sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchangebe(am,are,is)+doing√2021/5/9182.與always，constantly(不斷地；時(shí)常地)等連用，表示贊成或厭惡的感情色彩。如：他總是幫助別人。

Heisalwayshelpingothers.2021/5/919六.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(ThePastContinuousTense)1.結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing2.用法:表示過(guò)去某時(shí)或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

attenyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when…,while…,atthattime…IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She____ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked√2021/5/9203.與always，forever，constantly連用，表示贊成或厭惡的感情色彩。如：他總是考慮別人，從未考慮自己。Hewasalwaysthinkingofothers，never

thinkingofhimself.Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskey.2021/5/921七.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(ThepresentPerfectTense)

1.結(jié)構(gòu):have(has)+done2.用法:1).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),通常用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.常與表示延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:sofar,uptonow,recently,since,for,overtime等．IhavelivedinZhuhaifor3years.2021/5/922Hehaslivedhere

sincelastsummer.時(shí)間線現(xiàn)在過(guò)去lived延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在:haslivedlastsummersince…2021/5/9231.----WhendidhegotoAmerica?---Oh,he______theresincehalfayearago.A.wentB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.was2.Shelly_____CaliforniaforTexasand____thereeversince.YoucangoandpayheravisitonyourwaytoMexico.A.left,workedB.hasleft,hadworkedC.left,hasworkedD.hasleft,worked√√2021/5/924比較一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1).一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),不涉及對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的造成的影響。

Myfamily

livedinZhuhai10yearsago.

（現(xiàn)在不在珠海了)

Myfamily

havelivedinZhuhai

for10years.(目前還在珠海)

2021/5/9252).過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與不確定的或包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).I______(study)inZhongshanuniversityin2000.I___________(study)inZhongshanuniversitysince2000.I_____just_______(buy)anapartment.(just表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）studiedhavestudiedhavebought2021/5/926八.過(guò)去完成時(shí)

(ThepastperfectTense)結(jié)構(gòu):had+done

概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去

----|--------------|---------|---->過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去現(xiàn)在將來(lái)

導(dǎo)入之八：Yougraduated(畢業(yè))fromJuniorMiddleSchoolinJuly2013.Youhadstayedtherefor3yearswhenyougraduated.2021/5/927Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearnt20units.現(xiàn)在過(guò)去過(guò)去的過(guò)去theendoflasttermhadlearnt時(shí)間線用法(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。句中常用by，before，until，when等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：2021/5/9282.表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算(“本想”;“本來(lái)打算”)。

IhadhopedtoseemoreofShangHai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.2021/5/9291).Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_________________(runaway).2).WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents______________(begin)reading.

Hewalkedinasifhe__________(buy)theschool

.hadrunawayhadrunawayhadrunawayhadbegunhadbought

2021/5/9303.I_____totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.

A.hopeB.havehoped C.hadhopedD.hoped

4.Helen_____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comes B.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome

cc2021/5/931導(dǎo)入之九：

---Howlonghaveyoubeen

studyinginthisschool?

---Almostthreemonths.2021/5/932九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

主語(yǔ)+has/have+been+doing….表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)作未完成），動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Hehasbeenworkinghereforthreeyears.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitieshasbeenrisingsteadilysince1990.2021/5/933

---Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?---Yes,that’whyI____toworkbytrain.A.havebeengoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingD.willhavegone

√2021/5/934現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):表到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，也可表示延續(xù)性；

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):往往強(qiáng)調(diào)仍將繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作。Ihavewrittenaletter.

（已完成）Ihavebeenwritingaletter.（未完成）過(guò)去現(xiàn)在時(shí)間線havewrittenhavebeenwriting2021/5/93510將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)（willbedoing）表將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻，某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Iwillbesleepingatthistimetomorrow.2021/5/93611．將來(lái)完成時(shí)（willhavedone）表將來(lái)某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)做完某事Wewillhavelearnt1000wordsbytheendofthisterm.2021/5/937最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)often,always,usually,sometimes,onSunday,every…,atweekends,onceinawhile,threetimesaday…(right)now,atthismoment,atpresent,forthetimebeing,thisyear,always,…for,since,sofar,in/over/duringthepast/lastfewyears,lately,recently,just,uptonow,uptillnow,already,yet,ever,never,twice,threetimes,before,…allthetime,allthismorning,for,since,inthepastfewyears,…2021/5/938最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)yesterday,last…,thedaybeforeyesterday,…ago,in2000,inthepast,theotherday,justnow,onceuponatime,…

at10lastnight,then,thismorning,atthattime/moment,thistimeyesterday,lastyear,always,…by+過(guò)去時(shí)間，bythen,bytheendof+過(guò)去時(shí)間，bythetimeyoudidsth,…..2021/5/939最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配一般將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,in2020,inafewyears,infuture,inthefuture,soon,next…,anotherday,…at10tomorrow,then,thistimetomorrow,nextyear,…by+將來(lái)時(shí)間,bythen,bytheendof+將來(lái)時(shí)間,bythetimeyoudosth,…2021/5/940ExercisesIusually____upat6:00,butyesterdayI______upat7:00andtomorrowI_________upat6:30.(get)Listen!Someone____________(knock)atthedoor.I___________(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.Howoften_____Andy_______(surf)theinternet?Hefellasleepwhilehe___________(read)abook.groupcompetitiongetwillgetgotisknocking

havebeen

doessurfwasreading2021/5/9416.I________never_______(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_________(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_______(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9.______thestory________(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What______hismother______(do)whenheopenedthedoor?haveheardwentwouldputDidhappenwasdoing2021/5/94211.Ifit______________(notrain)tomorrow,they___________(go)fishing.12.______yourmother________thepianoeverySunday?13.They_______(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_____________(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_________(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher___________(start)teaching.doesn’trainwillgoDoeshasworkedwon’twalkedhadstartedplay2021/5/943JennyJenny_____(be)aforeigngirl.She_______(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she_____________(draw)picturesinthelivingroom.Twoyearsago,herparents_________(move)toChina.Jenny____________(nothave)anyfriends,soshe_______(feel)lonely.Butnow,she_______(have)manyChinesefriendsand_______(study)withthemeveryday.Jenny___________(visit)hergrandparentsintheUnitedStatesnextmonth.iscomesisdrawingmoveddidn’thavefelthasstudieswillvisit2021/5/944OnegoodturndeservesanotherI_____________(have)dinneratarestaurantwhenTonySteelecamein.Tony_______(work)inalawyer'sofficeyearsago,buthe____________(work)atabanknow.He______(get)agoodsalary,buthealways_______(borrow)moneyfromhisfriendsandnever______(pay)itback.Tony_____(see)meand_____(come)and____(sit)atthesametable.He___never____________(borrow)moneyfromme.Whilehe______________(eat),I_____(ask)himtolendmetwentypounds.Tomysurprise,he_____(give)methemoneyimmediately.'Ihaveneverborrowedanymoneyfromyou,'Tonysaid,'sonowyoucanpayformydinner!'washavingworkedisworkingaskedsawcamehassatgavewaseatingborrowsgetspaysborrowed2021/5/945動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)(voices)

動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)部分結(jié)構(gòu)：be

+

v.pp

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)一覽表(以do為例）時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone一般過(guò)去時(shí)did過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone一般將來(lái)時(shí)willdo將來(lái)完成時(shí)willhavedoneam/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendonewillbedonewillhavebeendone類別構(gòu)成形式例句時(shí)態(tài)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+doneEnglishiswidelyusedintheworld.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+doneWewereaskedtohelpthem.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+bedoneAclassmeetingwillbeheldnextMonday.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

should/would+bedoneShesaidthoseflowersshouldbewatered.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/am/are+beingdoneTheblackboardisbeingpaintednow.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+beingdoneThoseflowerswerebeingwateredwhenIleft.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+beendoneAlltheseflowershavebeenwatered.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+beendoneThebuildinghadbeencompletedbeforeIarrived.

主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義

Thesteelfeelscold. Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Theyogurtinthefridge______________(已經(jīng)變質(zhì)）.hasgonebad1.連系動(dòng)詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj.

構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。2021/5/949 2.表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。如:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move

等主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。

Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.

Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.3.need/want/requiredoing,beworthdoing,betoblame主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。Theequipmentinthecorner________________(需要修理).requiresrepairing2021/5/950AIfeelitisyourhusbandwho______forthespoiledchild.A.istoblame B.isgoingtoblame C.istobeblamed D.shouldblameWhodoyouthink____forthefailureoftheirmarriage?A.to