(鄭家順)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)模擬預(yù)測PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledWillTourismBringHarmtotheEnvironment?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:Statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.Provideoneortworeasonstosupportyouropinion.Bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.PartIII ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SomehistoriansaythatthemostimportantcontributionofDwightEisenhower’spresidency(總統(tǒng)任期)inthe1950swastheU.S.interstatehighwaysystem.Itwasa26project,easilysurpassingthescaleofsuchprevioushuman27asthePanamaCanal.Eisenhower'sinterstatehighwaysboundthenationtogetherinnewwaysand28majoreconomicgrowthbymakingcommerceless29.Today,aninformationsuperhighwayhasbeenbuilt-anelectronicnetworkthatconnectslibraries,corporations,governmentagenciesand30.ThiselectronicsuperhighwayiscalledtheInternet,anditisthebackbone(主干)oftheWorldWideWeb.TheInternethadits31ina1969U.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledARPAnet,whichstoodforAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork.ThePentagonbuiltthenetworkformilitarycontractorsanduniversitiesdoingmilitaryresearchto32information.In1983theNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),whosemissionistopromotescience,tookover.ThisnewNSFnetwork33moreandmoreinstitutionalusers,manyofwhichhadtheirowninternalnetworks.Forexample,mostuniversitiesthat34theNSFnetworkhadintracampuscomputernetworks.TheNSFnetworkthenbecameaconnectorforthousandsofothernetworks.Asabackbonesystemthatinterconnectsnetworks,internetwasanamethatfit.SowecanseethattheInternetisthewiredinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)onwhichwebmessagesmove.Itbeganasamilitarycommunicationsystem,whichexpandedintoagovernment-funded35researchnetwork.Today,theInternetisauser-financedsystemtyingintuitionsofmanysortstogetherintoan“informationsuperhighway.”A)facilitatedF)expensiveK)connectsB)switchG)joinedL)radicalC)attractedH)civilianM)messages

N)exchangeO)massiveN)exchangeO)massiveE)endeavors J)originsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HelicopterMomsvs.Free-RangeKidsWouldyouletyourfourth-graderridepublictransportationwithoutanadult?Probablynot.Still,whenLenoreSkenazy,acolumnistfortheNewYorkSun,wroteaboutlettinghersontakethesubwayalonetogetbacktoherManhattanhomefromadepartmentstoreontheUpperEastSide,shedidn,texpecttogethitwithawaveofcriticismfromreaders.“Longstoryshort:Mysongothome,overjoyedwithindependence,”SkenazywroteonApril4intheNewYorkSun.“Longstorylonger:HalfthepeopleI,vetoldthisepisodetonowwanttoturnmeinforchildabuse.Asifkeepingkidsunderlockandkeyandcellphoneandcarefulwatchistherightwaytorearkids.It,snot.It,sdebilitating(使虛弱)-forusandforthem.”O(jiān)nlinemessageboardsweresoonfullofpeoplebothapplaudingandcondemningSkenazy,sdecisiontolethersongoitalone.ShewoundupdefendingherselfonCNN(accompaniedbyherson)andonpopularblogsliketheHuffingtonpost,whereherfollow-uppiecewasironicallyheadlined“MoreFromAmerica'sWorstMom.”Theepisodehasignitedanotheroneofthosedebatesthatdividesparentsintovocalopposingcamps.AreModernparentsneedlesslyoverprotective,oristheworldamorecomplicatedanddangerousplacethanitwaswhenpreviousgenerationswereallowedtowanderaboutunsupervised?Fromthe“she,sanirresponsiblemother”campcame:“Shameonyouforbeingsocarelessabouthissafety,”incommentsontheHuffingtonpost.Andtherewasthisfromamotheroffour:“Howwouldyouhavefeltifhedidn,tcomehome?”ButSkenazygotalotofsupport,too,withwomenandmenwritinginwithstoriesabouthowtheywereallowedtotaketripsallbythemselvesatsevenoreight.Shealsogotheapsofpraiseforbuckingthe“helicopterparent”trend:“GoodforthisMom,”onecommenterwroteontheHuffingtonpost.“Thisisamuch-neededrealitycheck.”Lastweek,encouragedbyalltheattention,Skenazystartedherownblog-FreeRangeKids-promotingtheideathatmodernchildrenneedsomeofthesameindependencethathergenerationhad.Inthegoodolddaysnine-year-oldbabyboomersrodetheirbikestoschool,walkedtothestore,tookbuses-andevensubways-allbythemselves.Herblog,shesays,isdedicatedtosensibleparenting.“AtFreeRangeKids,webelieveinsafekids.Webelieveincarseatsandsafetybelts.WedoNOTbelievethateverytimeschool-agechildrengooutside,theyneedasecurityguard.”Sowhyaresomeparentssonervousaboutlettingtheirchildrenoutoftheirsight?Arecitiesandtownslesssafeandkidsmorevulnerabletocrimeslikechildkidnapandsexualabusethantheywereinpreviousgenerations?Notexactly.NewYorkCity,forinstance,issaferthanit,severbeen;it,sranked136thincrimeamongallAmericancities.Nationwide,strangerkidnapsareextremelyrare;there,saone-in-a-millionchanceachildwillbetakenbyastranger,accordingtotheJusticeDepartment.And90percentofsexualabusecasesarecommittedbysomeonethechildknows.Mortalityratesfromallcauses,includingdiseaseandaccidents,forAmericanchildrenarelowernowthantheywere25yearsago.AccordingtoChildTrends,anonprofitresearchgroup,between1980and2003deathratesdroppedby44percentforchildrenaged5to14and32percentforteensaged15to19.Thenthere,sthewholequestionofwhethermodernparentsaremorewatchfulandnervousaboutsafetythanpreviousgenerations.Yes,someare.PartoftheproblemisthatwithwalltowallInternetandcablenews,everymissingchildcasegetssomuchairtimethatit,snotsurprisingevennormalparentalanxietycanbeamplified.Andmanymiddle-classparentshavegottenusedtomanagingtheirchildren,stimeandshuttlingthemtovariousenrichingactivities,sotheideaoflettingthemoutontheirowncanseemlikearisk.Backin1972,whenmanyoftoday'sparentswerekids,87percentofchildrenwholivedwithinamileofschoolwalkedorbikedeveryday.Buttoday,theCentersforDiseaseControlreportthatonly13percentofchildrenbike,walkorotherwisegetthemselvestoschool.Theextrasupervisionisbothacityandasuburbanphenomenon.Parentsareworriedaboutcrime,andtheyareworriedaboutkidsgettingcaughtintrafficinacitythat,snotusedtopedestrians.Ontheotherhand,therearestillplentyofkidswhoseparentsgivethemalotofindependence,bychoiceorbynecessity.TheAfterSchoolAlliancefindsthatmorethan14millionkidsaged5to17areresponsiblefortakingcareofthemselvesafterschool.Only6.5millionkidsparticipateinorganizedprograms.“Manychildrenwhohaveworkingparentshavetotakethesubwayorbustogettoschool.Manydothisbythemselvesbecausetheyhavenootherwaytogettotheschools,”saysDr.RichardGallagher,directoroftheParentingInstituteattheNewYorkUniversityChildStudyCenter.Forthoseparentswhowonderhowandwhentheyshouldstartallowingtheirkidsmorefreedom,there'snoclear-cutanswer.Childexpertsdiscourageaone-size-fits-allapproachtoparenting.WhafsrightforSkenazy,snine-year-oldcouldbeinappropriateforanotherone.Italldependsondevelopmentalissue,maturity,andthepsychologicalandemotionalmakeupofthatchild.Severalfactorsmustbetakenintoaccount,saysGallagher.“Theabilitytofollowparentguidelines,thechild,slevelofcomfortinhandlingsuchsituations,andachild,sgeneraljudgmentshouldbeweighed.”GallagheragreeswithSkenazythatmanynine-year-oldsarereadyforindependenceliketakingpublictransportationalone.“Atcertaintimesoftheday,oncertainroutes,thesubwaysaregenerallysafeforthesechildren,especiallyiftheyhavegrownupinthecityandhavebeentaughthowtobesafe,howtoobtainhelpiftheyareconcernedfortheirsafety,andhowtoavoidunsafesituationsbybeingwatchfulandontheirtoes.”Butevenwithmoretrafficandfewersidewalks,modernparentsdohaveoneadvantagetheirparentsdidn't:thecellphone.Beingabletocheckinwithachildanytimegoesalongwaytowardrelievingparentalanxietyandmayhelpparentsloosentheircontrolalittlesooner.Skenazygotalotofcriticismbecauseshedidn,tgiveherkidhercellphonebecauseshethoughthe,dloseitandwantedhimtolearntogoitalonewithoutdependingonmom-amajorprincipleoffree-rangeparenting.Butmostparentsaremorethanhappytousecellphonestokeeptrackoftheirkids.Andforthosewholiketheideaoffree-rangekidsbutstillstrugglewiththeirinnerhelicopterparent,theremaybeamiddleway.AnewgenerationofGPScellphoneswithtrackingsoftwaremakeiteasierthanevertofollowachild,severymovementviatheInternet——withoutseemingtointerfereorhover.Ofcourse,whentheygotocollege,theymightstartobjectingtobeingmonitoredasifthey,reonparole(假釋).Accordingtochildexperts,howandwhenkidsmaybeallowedmorefreedomdependsontheirmaturityandpersonalqualities.LenoreSkenazybelievesthatkeepingkidsundercarefulwatchhinderstheirhealthygrowth.38.Accordingtotheauthor,NewYorkCityismuchsafethanbefore.Parentstodayaremorenervousabouttheirkids,safetythanpreviousgenerationsbecausetheirfearisamplifiedbymediaexposureofcrime.Skenazy,sdecisiontolethersontakethesubwayalonehasmetwithsomewhatmixedresponse.Skenazystartedherownblogtopromotesensibleparenting.WhenLenoreSkenazy,ssonwasallowedtotakethesubwayalone,heenjoyedhavingtheindependence.Beingabletofindoutwhereachildisanytimehelpslessenparentsanxiety.AccordingtoGallagherandSkenazy,childrenwhoarewatchfulwillbebetterabletostayawayfromunsafesituations.NowadayswiththehelpofGPScellphones,parentscan,fromadistance,tracktheirchildren,severymovement.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetWithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免役學(xué)家)MarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon'tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists7suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In2010psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned(使形成條件反射)micetoavoidsaccharin(糖精)bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderre-exposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity.A)wasstrengthenedB)wasnotaffectedC)wasaltered D)wasweakenedAccordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto.A)trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli B)turnofftheelectricityC)behavepassivelyincontrollablesituationsD)becomeabnormallysuspicious48.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder,sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat.A)theydislikeditstaste B)itaffectedtheirimmunesystemsC)itledtostomachpains D)theyassociateditwithstomachesThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder'sexperimentwasthat.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharinthesweetenerwaspoisonoustothemtheirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemindtheyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioningItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals.A)canbeweakenedbyconditioningcanbesuppressedbydruginjectionscanbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharincanbealteredbyelectricshocksPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountrysidetherearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasrftanycrimetoworryabout.Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld'sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhacking(黑客的)tricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Farmerhasmadetheprogrampubliclyavailable,amidmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle(|闖入……行竊).ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsiteyourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.NowtheWebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.Atthesametime,theNetisincreasinglypopulatedwithspiders,worms,agentsandothertypesofautomatedbeastsdesignedtopenetratethesitesandseekoutandclassifyinformation.Allthesemakewonderfultoolsforantisocialpeoplewhowanttoinvadeweaksitesandcausedamage.Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld ’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn'tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalism(惡意破壞)isn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveapeculiardislikeforsomeone.Whateverthereason,let'senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.Bysaying”…ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors”(Lines3-4,Para.2),theauthormeansthat.thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithustheresimplywasn'tanycrimetoworryaboutmanysitesarenotwell-protectedhackerstryouttricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakinginSATAN,aprogramdesignedbyDanFarmer,canbeused.toinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsitestoimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystemtopreventhackersfrombreakingintowebsitestodownloadusefulprogramsandinformationFarmer'sprogramhasbeencriticizedbythepublicbecause.itcausesdamagetoNetbrowsersitcanbreakintoInternetsitesitcanbeusedtocausedisorderonallsitesitcanbeusedbypeoplewithevilintentTheauthor'sattitudetowardSATANis.A)enthusiastic B)critical C)positive D)indifferentTheauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthat.weshouldmakefulluseoftheInternetbeforesecuritymeasuresarestrengthenedweshouldalertthemostinfluentialbusinessmentotheimportanceofsecurityinfluentialbusinessmenshouldgiveprioritytotheimprovementofNetsecuritynetinhabitantsshouldnotletsecuritymeasuresaffecttheirjoyofsurfingtheInternetPartIV Translation (30minutes)Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet.2筷子可以用各種不同的材料制成：竹子、木頭、銀、象牙、錫鉛合金和塑料。筷子的橫截面可以是圓形也可以是方形的。有些筷子上都刻有彩色圖片或書法做裝飾。中國家庭用的普通的筷子一般是木制的或竹子的，象牙筷通常宴會(huì)上才會(huì)，而金筷子