大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解試

題及答案（四）十六Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodand

clearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuch

reasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayof

obergrownandunwantedbranches’andtheinexperienced

gardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmore

damageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleaving

thetreetogrowinitsownway.First’pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshave

adesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeofthe

rightheight’andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmall

sidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveita

specialshape.Secondly’pruningmaybedonetomakethe

treehealthier.Youmaycutdiseaedordeadwood’or

branchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscause

wounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremoving

branchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventing

thefreemovementofair.Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease’butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthedeseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducewhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesand

alsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyumakewillbleed.Ifthis

doeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthem

properly..Pruningshouldbedoneto.a.makethetreegrowtaller

b.improvetheshapeofthetree

c.getridofthesmallbranches

d.makethesmallbranchesthicker.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener.a.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddleb.doesnotprotectthemfromwindc.forcesthemtogrowtooquicklyd.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?a.Tomakeawoundsmoothb.Topreventdiseaseenteringawoundc.Tocoveraroughsurfaced.Tohelpawoundtodry4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree.a.atintervalsthroughouttheyearb.asquicklyaspossiblec.occasionallywhennecessaryd.regulareverywinter5.Whatwastheauthor'spurposewhenwritingthis

passage?a.Togivepraticalinstructionforpruningatree.b.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning

c.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases

d.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.答案：babca十七OnThursdayafternoonMrs.Carke,dressedforgoingouttookherhandbagwithhermoneyandherkeyinit,pulledthedoorbehindhertolockitandwenttotheover60sClub.ShealwayswentthereonThursdays.Itwasaniceoutingforanoldwomanwholivedalone.Atsixo,clockshecanehome,letherselfinandatoncesmeltcigarettesmoke.Cigarettesmokeinherhouse?How?How?Hadsomeonegotin?Shecheckedthebackdoorandthewindows.Allwerelockedorfastened,asusual.Therewasnosignofforcedentry.Overacupofteashewonderedwhethersomeonemighthaveakeythatfittedherfrontdoor-"amasterkey“perhaps.SoshestayedathomethefollowingThursday.Nothinghappened.Wasanyonewatchinghermovements?OntheThursdayafterthatshewentoutatherusualtime,dressedasusual,butshedidn,tgototheclub.Insteadshetookashortcuthomeagain,lettingherselfinthroughhergardenandthebackdoor.Shesettleddowntowait.Itwasjustafterfouro,clockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.Mrs.Clarkewasmakingacupofteaatthetime.Thebellrangagain,andthensheheardherletter-boxbeingpushedopen.Withthekettleofboilingwaterinherhand,shemovedquietlytowardsthefrontdoor.Alongpieceofwireappearedthroughtheletter-box,andthenahand.Thewireturnedandcaughtaroundtheknobonthedoor-lock.Mrs.Clarkeraisedthekettleandpouredthewateroverthehand.Therewasashoutoutside,andtheskinseemedtodropoffthefingerslikeaglove.Thewirefelltothefloor,thehandwaspulledback,andMrs.Clarkeheardthesoundofrunningfeet.l.Mrs.ClarkeloodedforwardtoThursdaybecause.a.sheworkedataclubonthedayb.shesaidvisitorsonThursdaysc.shevisitedaclubonThursdayd.aspecialvisitorcameonThursdayfsomeonehadmadeaforcedentery,.a.Mrs.Clarkewouldhavefoundabrokendoororwindowb.heorshewasstillinthehousec.thingswouldhavebeenthownaboutd.heorshewouldhaveneededamasterkeynthethirdThursdayMrs.Clarkewentout.a.becauseshedidn,twanttomisstheclubagainb.toseeifthethiefwashngingaboutoutsidec.totheclubbutthenchangedhermindd.inanattempttotrickthethief.Thelockonthefrontdoorwasonewhich.a.neededapieceofwiretoopenitb.couldheopenedfrominsidewithoutakeyc.could,tbeopenedwithoutakeyd.usedaknobinsteadofakey.Thewirefeeltothefloor.a.becauseMrs.Clarkerefusedtoopenthedoorb.whentheman,sglovedroppedoffc.becauseitwastoohottoholdd.becausethemanjustwantedtogetaway答案：cadbd十八Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindnenss.Yet,darkglassesornot,theyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyes,andevensnowblindness,whenexposedtoseveralhoursof“snowlight".TheUnitedStatesArmyhasnowdeterminedthatglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowblindnessintroopsinasnow-coveredcountry.Rather,aman,seyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofoucsoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchoftsomethingtolookat.Findingnothing,hourafterhour,theeyesneversotpsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesache.Natureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandfluidwhichcoverstheeyeball.Thefluidcoverstheeyeballinincreasingquantityuntilvisionblurs,thenisobsured,andtheresultistotal,eventhoughtemporary,snowblindness.ExperimentsledtheArmytoasimplemethocbfovercomingthisproblem.Scoutsaheadofamainbodyoftroopsaretrainedtoshakesnowfromevergreenbushes,creatingadottedlineastheycrosscompletelysnow-coveredlandscape,Eventhescoutsthemselvesthrowlightweight,darkcoloredobjectsaheadonwhichtheytoocanfocus.Themenfollowingcanthenseesomething.Theigazeisarrested.Theireyesfocusonabushandhavingfoundsomethingtosee,stopscouringthesnow-blanketedlanscape.Byfocusingtheirattentionononeobjectatatime,themencancrossthesnowwithoutbecominghopelesslysnowblindorlost.Inthiswaytheproblemofcrossingasolidwhiteterrainisovercome..Topreventheadaches,wateringeyesandblindnesscausedbytheglarefromsnow,darkglassesare.a.indispensibleb.usefulc.ineffectived.available.Whentheeyesaresoretearsareproducedto.a.clearthevisionb.remedysnowblindnessc.easetheirritationd.loosenthemuscles.Svidingtheeyeswithsomethingtofoucsond.coveringtheeyeballswithfluid.Thescoutsshakesnowfromevergreenbushesinorderto.a.bivethemenbehindsomethingtoseeb.beautifythelandscapec.warmthemselvesinthecoldd.preventthemenbehindfromlosingtheirway.Asuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe，a.snowblindnessandhowtoovercomeitb.natrue,scureforsnowblindnessc.soldiersinthesnowd.snowvision答案：CCCAA十九Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomenoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantialytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals,Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto“disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,orefflunets,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Efflunetsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeonomicusesforwasteproducts..Thepurposeofthispassageis.a.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupplyb.toexplainindustrialusesofwaterc.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblemsd.todemostratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?a.Industrialdevelopmentincudesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.b.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwaterc.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulationd.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals.Thereadercanconcluedthat.a.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpolutionproblemsb.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplacec.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersuppliesd.someindustriesarenow,akingeconomicuseofwastes.Terviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrolsb.opinionsandpersonalobservationsc.definitionswhichclarifyimportanttermsd.strongargumentsandpersuasions.Thewords"priorto"(para.2)probablymean,a.afterb.duringc.befored.beyond答案:cadbc二十Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone,smistakes.Itisextremelyhardsometimestosayasimplethinglike”Iwaswrongaboutthat,“anditisevenhardertosay,“Iwaswrong,andyouwererightaboutthat."Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.HetoldmehehadbeenthemanagerofacertaingrocerystoreintheneighbourhoodwhereIgrewupandheaskedmeifIrememberedtheeggcartons.ThenherelatedanincidentandIbegantoremembervaguelytheincidenthewasdescribing.Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime,andIhadgomeintothestorewithmaymothertodotheweeklygroceryshopping.Onthatparticularday,Imusthavefoundmywaytothedairyfooddepartmentwheretheincidenttoodplace.Theremusthavebeenaspecialsaleoneggsthatdaybecausetherewasanimpressivedisplayofeggsindozenandhalf-dozencartons.Thecartonswerestackedthreeorfourfeethigh.Imusthavestoppedinfrontofadisplaytoadmirethestacks.Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.Forsomereason,Idecideditwasuptometoputthedisplaybacktogether,soIwanttowork.Themanagerheardthemoiseandcamerushingovertoseewhathadhappened.Whenheappeared,Iwasonmykneesinspectingsomeofthe