12月英語四級真題（第一套）PartI

Writing

(30minutes)Directions:

Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayon

thechallengesofstartingacareeraftergraduation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡ

ListeningComprehension

(25minutes)關(guān)注公眾號“春秋大道”，無償?shù)玫饺坑⒄Z四六級歷年真題（更新至12月）+聽力原頻SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthenquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Landaspacevehicleonthemoonin.B)Designanewgenerationofmobilephones.C)Setupamobilephonenetworkonthemoon.D)Gatherdatafromthenoonwithatinydevice.2.A)Itisstable.B)Itisdurable.C)Itisinexpensive.D)Itissophisticated.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Itlastedmorethansixhours.B)Noinjurieswereyetreported.C)Nobodywasinthebuildingwhenitbrokeout.D)Ithadburnedfor45minutesbythetimefirefightersarrived.4.A)Recruitandtrainmorefirefighters.B)Pulldownthedesertedshoppingmall.C)Turntheshoppingmallintoanamusementpark.D)Findmoneytorenovatethelocalneighborhood.Questions5and6arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Shrinkingpotatofarming.B)Heavyrelianceonimport.C)Widespreadplantdisease.D)Insufficientpotatosupply.6.A)Itintendstokeepitstraditionaldiet.B)Itwantstoexpanditsownfarming.C)Itisafraidofthespreadofdisease.D)Itisworriedaboutunfaircompetition.7.A)Globalwarning.B)Ever-risingprices.C)Governmentregulation.D)Diminishinginvestment.SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,

youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.

Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.

Afteryouhearaquestion,

youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C)andD).

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.

A)Informative.B)Inspiring.C)Dull.D)Shallow.9.

A)Shetypesonakeyboard.B)Shedoesrecording.C)Shetakephotos.D)shetakenotes.10.A)Itkeepshermindactive.B)Itmakesherstayawake.C)Itenableshertothinkhard.D)Ithelpsherkilltime.11.A)Itenableshertoimproveherpronunciation.B)Ithelpsherbetterrememberwhatshelearns.C)Itturnsouttobeanenjoyablewayoflearning.D)Itprovestobefarmoreeffectivethanwriting.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Tospendherhoneymoon.B)TotryautbenticIndianfood.C)TotakephotosoftheJajMahal.D)Totracetheoriginofalovestory.13.A)Inmemoryofaprincess.B)Inhonorofagreatcmperor.C)Tomarkthedeathofanemperorofthe1600s.D)Tocelebratethebirthofaprincess’s14th

child.14.A)Itlooksolderthanexpected.B)Itisbuiltofwoodandbricks.C)Itstoreslotsofpricelessantiques.D)Ithaswallsdecoratedwithjewels.15.A)Theirstreetsarenarrow.B)Eachonhasauniquecharacter.C)Theyaremostlycrowded.D)Lifecanbetediousinsomeplaces.SectionCDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.

Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhelpspreadthelatesttechnology.B)Theygreatlyenrichpeople’sleisurelife.C)TheyprovideresidentswiththeD)Theyallowfreeaccesstodigitalbooksandvideos.17.A)Byhelpingthemfindjobs.B)Bykeepingthemoffthestreets.C)Byinspiringtheircreativity.D)Byprovidingaplaceofrelaxation.18.A)Theirinteractionwithteenagersprovedfruitful.B)Theyusedlibrarieslessoftenthanteenagers.C)Theytendedtovisitlibrariesregularly.D)Theirnumberincreasedmodestly.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itisthecleverestcatintheworld.B)Itisanunusualcrossbreed.C)ItisthelargestcatinAfrica.D)Itisalarge-sizedwildcat.20.A)Theyareasloyalasdoges.B)Theyarefondofsleepingincabinets.C)Theyhaveunusuallylongtails.D)Theyknowhowtopleasetheirowners.21.A)Theyshaketheirfrontpaws.B)Theyshowerwiththem.C)Theyteachthemtodive.D)Theyshoutatthem.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Contentedandrelieved.B)Anxiousanddepressed.C)Proudbutabitnervous.D)Excitedbutsomewhatsad.23.A)Itstartsthemomenttheyareborn.B)Itdependsontheirparentsforsuccess.C)Itisgainingincreasingpublicattention.D)Itisbecomingparents’biggestconcern.24.A)Choosetherightschoolforthem.B)Helpthemtolearnbythemselves.C)Readbooksandmagazinestothem.D)Setagoodexampleforthemtofollow.25.A)Theirintelligence.B)Theirhomelife.C)Thequalityoftheirschool.D)Theefforttheyputinlearning.Part

Ⅲ

ReadingComprehension

(40minutes)SectionADirections:

Inthissection,

thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgivenin

a

wordbankfollowingthepassage.

Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoicein

thebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious

26

occurringinthedevelopingworld.Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts

27

withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes

28

likehomeheatingandcooking,hasremained

29

overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryandtransportation.DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray

30

itasan“urgentcalltoaction.”“Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle

31

,”hesaid.Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome

32

nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswherethey

33

experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.Buttheproblemisnotlimited

34

tothedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultofrelatedillnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel(柴油)

35

havebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachestensofthousands.A)ability

I)exclusivelyB)associated

J)innovatedC)consciously

K)regularlyD)constant

L)relatesE)control

M)sourcesF)damage

N)undermineG)described

O)vehiclesH)equals

SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress[A]Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph’smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy.

“Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?”heasksher.

“Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeandhaveitreadythenextmorning.”[B]ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllenDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter’s

‘ShopwithYourDoc’programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupfortheservice,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni(通心粉)-and-cheeseboxesinScott’sshoppingcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese.

“SoI’dhavetomakeit？”sheasks,herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit.

“I’mnotsurethey’deatit.Theyjustwon’teatit.”[D]Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren.

“InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,”Nadeautellsher.

“Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat.”

Scottagreestotrymorefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor,zerofordiabetes.[E]NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaroundfordecades,butit’smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications(藥品).Byprescribingnutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas‘ShopwithyourDoc’,theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat.“There’snoquestionpeoplecantakethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoices,”Nadeausays.[F]Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfable,CEOandpresidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcareorganization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeuticFoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowtocookit.“Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood,”saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital’smedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives.“Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey’reeating,howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives.”[G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine—thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodto

treatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnotmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:

thatthesalt,sugar,

fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation’shighratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.[H]“It’sadifferentparadigm（范式）

ofhowtotreatdisease,”saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrunthefamilyandpreventivemedicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,bychangingpatients’nutritionalhabits.ThemedicalcenterandschoolatLomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboardandkitchenforpatients.Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy,

butalsohowtopreparethemathome.[I]Manypeopledon’tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransformapatient’slife.Andbeyondthat,itmight

transformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient’sfamily.“Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison,”Reasays.“Asaphysician,nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucanchangetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.”[J]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation（炎癥）,forexample,ormakethebodyinhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.[K]“Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireaculturalshift,butthatcanhappen,”saysNguyen.“Inthesamewayphysiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscanhaveabiggervoiceinit.”36.MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.37.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.38.

Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.39.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.40.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.41.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshow

tocookit.42.Scottisnotkeenon

cookingfoodherself,

thinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.43.Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfood.44.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,

butthemovementismakingheadwaythesedays.45.Americans’highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthewaytheyeat.SectionCDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Californiahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow,withcertainareasevenhavingtopumpfreshwaterhundredsofmilestotheirdistributionsystem.Theproblemisgrowingasthepopulationofthestatecontinuestoexpand.Newresearchhasfounddeepwaterreservesunderthestatewhichcouldhelpsolvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrillingofwellscouldonlyreachdepthsof1,000feet,butduetonewpumpingpractices,waterdeeperthanthiscannowbeextracted（抽?。?TheteamatStanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers（地下蓄水層）belowthisdepthandfoundthatreservesmaybetriplewhatwaspreviouslythought.Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethan1,000feetforoilandgasextraction,butonlyrecentlyinCaliforniahasitbecomeprofitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifersrangefrom1,000to3,000feetbelowtheground,whichmeansthatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereareotherconcerns.Thebiggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthisdeepinthegradualsettlingdownofthelandsurface.Asthewaterispumpedout,thevacantspaceleftiscompactedbytheweightoftheearthabove.Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive,itisstillcheaperthandesalinating（脫鹽）theoceanwaterinthelargelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible,buttheyarecostlytorunandcanneedconstantrepairs.Wellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,andCaliforniaishopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybetheanswertotheirseverewatershortage.Oneproblemwiththesesourcesisthatthedeepwateralsohasahigherlevelofsaltthanshalloweraquifers.Thismeansthatsomewellsmayevenneedtoundergodesalinationafterextraction,thusincreasingthecost.Researchfromtheexhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drillinglogshasjustbeenpublished.Newestimates

ofthewaterreservesnowgoupto2,700billioncubicmetersoffreshwater.46.HowcouldCalifornia’sdroughtcrisisbesolvedaccordingtosomeresearchers?A)Bybuildingmorereservesofgroundwater.B)Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.C)Bydevelopingmoreadvanceddrillingdevices.D)Byupgradingitswaterdistributionsystem.47.Whatcanbeinferredaboutextracting

waterfromdeepaquifers?A)Itwasdeemedvitaltosolvingthewaterproblem.B)Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpense.C)Itmaynotprovidequalityfreshwater.D)Itisboundtogainsupportfromthelocalpeople.48.Whatismentionedasaconsequenceofextractingwaterfromdeepunderground？A)Thesinkingoflandsurface.

C)Thedamagetoaquifers.B)Theharmtotheecosystem.

D)Thechangeoftheclimate.49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdeepwells?A)Theyrunwithoutanyneedforrepairs.B)Theyareentirelyfreefrompollutants.C)Theyaretheultimatesolutiontodroughts.D)Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.50.Whatmayhappenwhendeepaquifersareusedaswatersources?A)People’shealthmayimprovewithcleanerwater.B)People’swaterbillsmaybeloweredconsiderably.C)Thecostmaygoupduetodesalination.D)Theymaybeexhaustedsoonerorlater.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheAlphaGoprogram’svictoryisanexampleofhowsmartcomputershavebecome.Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethically,meaningcantheybehonestandfair?OneexampleofAIisdriverlesscars.TheyarealreadyonCaliforniaroads,soitisnottoosoontoaskwhetherwecanprogramamachinetoactethically.Asdriverless

carsimprove,theywillsavelives.Theywillmakefewermistakesthanhumandriversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillfaceachoicebetweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhittingachildrunningacrosstheroad,evenifthatwillputtheirpassengersatrisk?Whataboutmakingasuddenturntoavoidadog?Whatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothecaritself,nottothepassengers?Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,buttheyarenotsuper-intelligentbeings.Teachingethicstoamachineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerchallenge.AboutthesametimeasAlphaGo’striumph,Microsoft’s‘chatbot’tookabadturn.Thesoftware,namedTaylor,wasdesignedtoanswermessagesfrompeopleaged18-24.Taylorwassupposedtobeabletolearnfromthemessagesshereceived.Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilitytohandleconversations,butsomepeoplewereteachingTaylorracistideas.WhenshestartedsayingnicethingsaboutHitler,Microsoftturnedheroffanddeletedherugliestmessages.AlphaGo’svictoryandTaylor’sdefeathappenedatabou