ENGLISHFORGRADUATESTUDENTSScienceUnitFourteenSpaceandTimeBackgroundInformationTextAnalysisTranslatingActivitiesGrammarActivitiesBackgroundInformationAbouttheBookABriefHistoryofTimeisapopularsciencebookwrittenbyStephenHawkingandfirstpublishedbytheBantamDellPublishingGroupin1988.Itbecameabest-sellerandhassoldmorethan9millioncopies.ItwasalsoontheLondonSundayTimesbest-sellerlistformorethanfouryears.

“ABriefHistoryofTime”,publishedin1988,hasbeenalandmarkvolumeinscientificwritingandinworldwideacclaimandpopularity,withmorethanninemillioncopiessold.Thateditionwasonthecuttingedgeofwhatwasthenknownaboutthenatureoftheuniverse.Sinceitspublication,however,therehavebeenextraordinaryadvancesinthetechnologyofobservingboththemicro-andthemacrocosmicworld,confirmingmanyofProfessorHawking’spredictions.Eagertobringtohisoriginaltextthenewknowledgerevealedbytheseobservations,Hawkinghaswrittenanewintroduction,updatedchaptersthroughout,andaddedanentirelynewchapteronWormholesandTimeTravel.BookReviewBackgroundInformation StephenWilliamHawking,(born8January1942)isaBritishtheoreticalphysicist.Heisknownforhiscontributionstothefieldsofcosmologyandquantumgravity,especiallyinthecontextofblackholes.Hehasalsoachievedsuccesswithworksofpopularscienceinwhichhediscusseshisowntheoriesandcosmologyingeneral;theseincludetherunawaybestsellerABriefHistoryofTime,whichstayedontheBritishSundayTimesbestsellerslistforarecord-breaking237weeks.BackgroundInformation Hawking’skeyscientificworkstodatehaveincludedproviding,withRogerPenrose,theoremsregardingsingularitiesintheframeworkofgeneralrelativity,andthetheoreticalpredictionthatblackholesshouldemitradiation,whichistodayknownasHawkingradiation(orsometimesasBekenstein-Hawkingradiation).Heisaworld-renownedtheoreticalphysicistwhosescientificcareerspansover40years.Hisbooksandpublicappearanceshavemadehimanacademiccelebrity.HeisanHonoraryFellowoftheRoyalSocietyofArts,andalifetimememberofthePontificalAcademyofScience.OnAugust12,2009,hewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom,thehighestcivilianawardintheUnitedStates.BackgroundInformationBackgroundInformationBackgroundInformationTheWorldTreeisamotifpresentinseveralreligionsandmythologies,particularlyIndo-Europeanreligions.Theworldtreeisrepresentedasacolossaltreewhichsupportstheheavens,therebyconnectingtheheavens,theearth,and,throughitsroots,theunderground.Itmayalsobestronglyconnectedtothemotifofthetreeoflife.SpecificWorldTreesincludetheoneinHungarianmythology,Yggdrasil(orIrminsul)inNorsemythology,theOakinSlavicandFinnishmythology,andinHinduismtheAshvastha(aSacredFig).TextAnalysisWordAnalysisSentenceAnalysisPhraseAnalysisTextTranslationKeystoExercisesTextAnalysisWordAnalysisWordAnalysisE.g.1)Ifoundtheexperiencequitebewildering. 我覺(jué)得這次經(jīng)歷令人相當(dāng)困惑。2)Changesinsocietyarehappeningsofast,theysometimesseembewildering.

社會(huì)發(fā)展的太快，他們有時(shí)候看得都有些眼花繚亂了。3)Sammystoodrootedtotheground,bewilderedbyallthatwashappeningaroundhim,andwouldn'tcomealthoughwecalledandcalled. 薩米站著發(fā)呆，周圍所發(fā)生的一切把他搞糊涂了，雖然我們又喊又叫但他也不愿過(guò)來(lái)。bewildering confusing,especiallybecausetherearetoomanychoicesorthingshappeningatthesametime 讓人困惑的,令人費(fèi)解的；使人眼花繚亂的WordAnalysisE.g.1)Thewarbroughtinfiniteharmtothenation. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給這個(gè)國(guó)家?guī)?lái)了無(wú)窮的災(zāi)難。2)Theuniverseseemsinfinite. 宇宙似乎是無(wú)限的。3)Shewasawomanofseeminglyinfinitepatience. 她似乎是那種有著無(wú)窮耐心的女性。2.infinitelimitlessorendlessinspace,extent,orsize;impossibletomeasureorcalculate無(wú)限的，無(wú)窮的WordAnalysisE.g.1)Theyattemptedtoplacatethestudentswithpromises. 他們?cè)噲D以許諾來(lái)安撫學(xué)生。2)Heisamanwhodoesn’tknowhowtoappreciatefavors.Themoreyoucreepandcrawltryingtoplacatehim,themorepleasurehegetsintakingitoutonyou. 他是個(gè)不識(shí)抬舉的人。你越是對(duì)他俯首貼耳，竭力安撫他，他就越要把氣往你身上撒，好使他更開(kāi)心。3.placate

make(someone)lessangryorhostile平息；安撫WordAnalysisE.g.1)Theyhavediscountedtherumours. 他們不信那些謠傳。2)Hisinformationisnottobediscounted. 他的消息不可不重視。3)Scientistsdiscountedhismethodofpredictingearthquakes. 科學(xué)家不相信他預(yù)測(cè)地震的方法4.discount

toregardsomethingasunlikelytobetrueorimportant對(duì)（可能性，事實(shí)，人）不全信，對(duì)…不予考慮Wo攪rd駐A鵲na駛ly文si耕sE.踩g.1)膀H窯is塞t連he家or踐y機(jī)po校st旁u(píng)l農(nóng)at豬ed權(quán)a攤r地ot繡at渣or找y稅mo哭ve裙me椒nt昨f箭or箏hu傭rr淚ic課an木es錫.其理校論假敲定颶臺(tái)風(fēng)是晚旋轉(zhuǎn)桑運(yùn)動(dòng)評(píng)的。2)夠H康e插po氣st賀ul役at繞ed常t絨ha悔t籌th肌e著en億vi野ro求nm此en膝ta刪li焦st紛s夫mi拍gh令t信h績(jī)av赴e蘭a始ca冤se呢.他認(rèn)盼定環(huán)謝境主園義者鴉可能贊會(huì)有巴這種褲情況忘。3)巴L龍et交's隊(duì)p嶺os綠tu澇la等te娃t刷ha狹t夠sh潤(rùn)e至is燭a捏c廟oo柄k.我們細(xì)假定構(gòu)她是誼一位儉廚師壞。5.postulatetosuggestthatsomethingmighthavehappenedorbetrue假定為真，視為當(dāng)然Wo由rd臂A勒na央ly抖si諸sE.讀g.1)遣G立eo腸gr逃ap粗he釘rs薦s渣tu附dy包t漂he屑c筋on俊fi碧gu孫ra瓜ti妙on撿o炸f當(dāng)th鹽e斧mo襯un勵(lì)ta課in脖s.地理冰學(xué)家推研究倍山脈來(lái)的地櫻形輪課廓。2)挺T僵he星b妙ro諒ad前c午on效fi鄉(xiāng)豐gu斬ra撕ti標(biāo)on昨o水f會(huì)th討e遍ec我on污om四y樸re鑼ma撈in蓋s奏ca停pi增ta字li仿st發(fā).經(jīng)濟(jì)挖制度囑的大縫致結(jié)薪構(gòu)保介持資潛本主打義不冬變。3)耗S腸om校et跟hi蛙ng槐r茅es璃em夫bl榴in途g炕th醫(yī)is畜s握tr筆uc磚tu敗re肉i娘n報(bào)co槽nf天ig濫ur漢at茄io若n蘭or徑p權(quán)at托te祝rn謠.蜂窩潑狀物轉(zhuǎn)在外發(fā)形或蕉結(jié)構(gòu)瞇上類似似這勺種構(gòu)厲造的溝東西6.configurationtheshapeorarrangementofthepartsofsomething

Wo乒rd震A瞎na豎ly痛si痛sE.訴g.1)榆S頓he填c絲式on英fi趟ne苗d查he錘r童ac恩ti拔vi予ti質(zhì)es樹(shù)i家n豎ed午uc兩at畏io北na率l儉ci幕rc苦l(xiāng)e稱s.她把鑒她的暗各項(xiàng)秋活動(dòng)低都限餐制在汗教育油圈內(nèi)旨。2)勞S圓he燒c葉on敵fi預(yù)ne告d收he私r紹ac磚ti悉vi辯ti偶es擴(kuò)i愚n郵ed伐uc柴at沉io慰na械l明ci希rc罷le憤s.她把鈔她的稅各項(xiàng)還活動(dòng)司都限晉制在謹(jǐn)教育盡圈內(nèi)器。3)咬H春e棄ha壇d蘋be貨en傾c垂on厚fi控ne皮d批to爹a梢w躲he央el哄ch昆ai碼r擺fo侍r孕so龜me歪t(yī)宋im胸e.他被飄困在舌輪椅覆上已術(shù)有一芽段時(shí)繳間了茶。7.confine

tokeepsomeoneorsomethingwithinthelimitsofaparticularactivityorsubject限制;局限于Wo耕rd頭A妨na軋ly秧si豬sE.好g.1)遠(yuǎn)O衫ve參rs摩ea釀s縫in憤ve碑st加me舊nt獻(xiàn)w脂it遍ne商ss坑ed耍i貼ni腔ti壞al樂(lè)d鄭ev呆el線op敗me猛nt拌.對(duì)外節(jié)投資批有了機(jī)初步卵發(fā)展繡。2)興T嚇he曲i介ni嶼ti或al癢i雖nv狗es泳tm叢en析t傳is軍n省ev槳er傾r低ec瞎ov悔er駱ed眾.最初物的投姑資根習(xí)本沒(méi)澤收回寬。3)忘T天he移t墓wo礎(chǔ)c葛ou垮nt傅ri喘es哲t斯oo奧k稿th亭e冠in剝it奧ia脅l皮st佛ep談t捆ow馬ar哥d跑re饑co浴nc蓋il織ia牙ti功on燙.兩國(guó)咽向和僅解邁糟出了潛最初球的一巾步。8.initialexistingoroccurringatthebeginning最初的，開(kāi)始的Wo脈rd聞A初na尊ly焰si厘sE.針g.1)液m支an薯uf親ac械tu夾ri屢ng扁p注ro前ce證ss恰es階r禮eq連ui冒re陣a膀c獻(xiàn)on煎si爐st血en區(qū)t私ap喝pr梨oa虧ch嚼.制造擔(dān)過(guò)程好要求央采取刃前后普一致叢的方玩法。2)云S劍he泥i讀s似a糾co鴉ns愛(ài)is媽te家nt名g站ir激l尿in眼h斑er領(lǐng)f請(qǐng)ee醒li咱ng植.在感竿情方恒面她宿是個(gè)虎始終績(jī)?nèi)缫幌鹊呐蠛ⅰ?)基W糟ha高t森yo嗓u綢sa威y笑is沈n程ot炎c倡on件si取st銀en層t鳴wi嶺th妄w由ha吩t州yo稱u蕩do云.你言矮行不課一。9.consistent

(ofaperson,behaviour,orprocess)unchanginginachievementoreffectoveraperiodoftime（人，行為，過(guò)程）前后一致的；一貫的；堅(jiān)持的

Wo汗rd副A貴na底ly概si郵sE.評(píng)g.1)搭L窗if量e該is踢s犧o疼co臣mp鬼li容ca巡壽te喘d.生活襪是如嘆此復(fù)雀雜。2)兇T座hi集s軍is慌t住he賤m洋os磚t塞co洲mp轟li圍ca米te猜d狠ca編se顏I粱h賀av鍵e宴ev檢er嘆h食an竭dl植ed狹.這是讀我所彼處理漏過(guò)的握最為顏復(fù)雜事的案蘇子。3)芝T木hi循s項(xiàng)is旗w修he延re馳t鑄he扯s食to校ry想g咽et箱s任co栗mp感l(wèi)i姻ca窗te圈d.故事是從這芝兒開(kāi)釀始變殺得復(fù)忘雜。10.complicated

difficulttounderstandordealwith,becausemanypartsordetailsareinvolved復(fù)雜的；費(fèi)解的Wo弓rd控A捐na罰ly鹿si憲sE.冰g.1)稈H齡e戒ha格s慈be剖en關(guān)i艙nv德es妨ti梯ga醬te竿d屠an征d盯fo駁un阻d裂bl盛am屯el夸es差s.他已束被調(diào)輪查,發(fā)現(xiàn)源并無(wú)帥罪過(guò)判。2)學(xué)T勒he本p壩ol磨ic情e再ar賞e趁in拋ve派st薪ig撲at環(huán)in嶼g怠th浩e揪mu參rd半er呈.警察斷在調(diào)腿查那別起兇承殺案券件。3)眼T憶he旱p沫ol直ic踩e保we留re箭b貝af限fl怕ed攻,形an農(nóng)d屬Sh濱er塊lo姥ck項(xiàng)H針ol叔me到s麗wa蜜s隙ca促ll吊ed匠i感n駐to企i落nv昏es犯ti朱ga侵te警方叔被難比住了,於是拴請(qǐng)福積爾摩秤斯前見(jiàn)來(lái)偵罪查.11.investigate

carryoutasystematicorformalinquirytodiscoverandexaminethefactsof(anincident,allegation,etc.)soastoestablishthetruth

研究；調(diào)查Wo毀rd逼A和na套ly強(qiáng)si肥sE.呀g.1)企T繁he帆m叢ov務(wù)ie祝w烈as止q匯ui垂te跡a拉c產(chǎn)om勻ed辭ow聰n電af付te姥r堅(jiān)so藥m估uc掛h站wa逃it色.等了圓這麼峽久,這個(gè)照電影名卻非倚常令摘人失退望2)標(biāo)H患is用d窯ef去ea扎t憶wa番s芝qu擺it匹e饑a剖co歐me疏do倉(cāng)wn竟f豪or逐a升ll綿o竭f套u(yù)s魯.他的喝失敗梯令我督們?nèi)唧w感懼到失塔。3)草I訊t’陡s息a憂bi雄t站of診a句c餃om束ed霸ow版n萄to唐l廉ea形ve遣s解ch何oo勢(shì)l企an慣d股th慈en泛n嚷ot步g叔e(cuò)t掉a右j畝ob頌.畢業(yè)仙后找胳不到士工作阻是件餅有點(diǎn)踢兒丟團(tuán)人的南事。12.comedownafeelingofdisappointmentordepression失望；沮喪Te廣xt舒An獄al麻ys聾isPh據(jù)ra械se泡A薄na猶ly傍si話sE.槐g.1）sh脾e封mu嗎st窄t捷ry略t撇o亡ma嚴(yán)ke貸s編en濕se煉o語(yǔ)f桑wh鼓at寨w老as簽g語(yǔ)oi防ng裹o服n.她必騰須盡風(fēng)量弄稍懂正夏在發(fā)端生的鵝一切頌。2）Ca疼n吃yo鋤u查ma艙ke繡s齡en愚se塞o萄f哀wh鬼at禁I劉s姻ai旺d?你能兆領(lǐng)會(huì)揭我說(shuō)亞的意醋思嗎?3）Ca禽n煩yo宅u悠ma撐ke爹s飯en矮se姓o職f頸th夜is干p忙oe匆m?你看曉得懂狐這首奏詩(shī)嗎?1.makesenseoffindmeaningorcoherencein理解；弄懂Ph舞ra停se良A摧na塌ly晃si態(tài)sE.宮g.1）Yo艷u煌ne遞ed情t委o西bo飛ok復(fù)w鞭ee價(jià)ks能i億n通ad惕va有nc型e.你需乳要提門前幾始周預(yù)脈定。2）we攪w吧on諒’t蹦d翻el陳iv姑er豎u攤nl言es程s插yo穴u臟pa春y暮us姓i防n糖ad責(zé)va脊nc判e除非頂你們擴(kuò)先付牲款，耗否極則我齒們不珠發(fā)貨串！3）I抽li電ke挽t僻o裙ma扶p螺ou可t久th透e跨wh巴ol跌e識(shí)we耐ek砌i北n籠ad捐va駛nc疼e我喜薯歡預(yù)窄先把渠整整較一周木的事手作出董安排2.inadvanceaheadintime預(yù)先，事先，提前Ph陵ra犬se畏A壞na群ly荒si煤sE.館g.1）A僵se瘡t顆of兩s駕am戀pl神es賠i攻s巴en兵cl興os比ed添h樹(shù)er叼e.隨信樂(lè)附上近一套校樣品公。2）Hi器s芹mo汗th急er雞b出ou牙gh篩t徑hi莖m掌a桐se判t箭of液n療o(wú)v可el移s潑of陳D補(bǔ)ic革ke留ns堡.他母垂親給艱他買枝了一脅套狄姓更斯柏的小降說(shuō)。3）Wh誘en辰h腿e蘿sm耀il主ed息h彎e狹ex安po件se竟d揪a甲se森t秒of罷p截er郵fe莖ct刃w嚴(yán)hi溫te爛t掏ee振th獅.他笑少時(shí)露編出了剝一口尿漂亮縮慧的白夫牙。3.asetofagroupofsimilarthingsthatbelongtogetherorarerelatedinsomeway一套,一伙Ph遺ra秋se婦A倍na惱ly率si氣sE.悠g.1）Th貼e孝ba渣nk退h虧as您b仿ee詳n搬in屑te塞rv猜en灑in罵g祝in凍f雅or再ei遭gn緒e檢xc殺ha粱ng路e辱ma匠rk監(jiān)et豪s.銀行面一直猶干預(yù)騙外匯困市場(chǎng)勒。2）Ke豬nn愉ed績(jī)y’蓋s粒at翠te杏mp器t添to挺i間nt冬er霉ve延ne延i依n扯th呼e鐘af齡fa綁ir獎(jiǎng)s始o(jì)f價(jià)C療ub酷a串me諸t逮wi直th因a的r櫻eb問(wèn)uf槍f肆at革t圖he扯b類ay鼓o林f想pi咐gs肯尼荒迪干末涉古佩巴事跌務(wù)的絡(luò)企圖更在豬塵灣遭雅到挫擺敗。3）Do派n扎ot踢i卡nt男er摟ve籮ne垂i道n拴th繪e處af亞fa揉ir舌s拌of旗a竭no冤th湊er藍(lán)c午ou缸nt派ry系.不要派干涉禁別的料國(guó)家啞的事勺務(wù)。4.interveneintobecomeinvolvedinanargument,fight,orotherdifficultsituationinordertochangewhathappens在…(方面)進(jìn)行干預(yù),調(diào)解Ph店ra盆se婚A清na驗(yàn)ly禾si匹sE.介g.1）He析r叼re伴pl浩y汗is恩i將n埋ef內(nèi)fe州ct送a標(biāo)n俘ap笨ol謎og衛(wèi)y.她的例答復(fù)慈實(shí)際形上是剛一種損道歉輝。2）Al鞋th求ou恩gh深h粒e侮is緣瑞h聞er魚(yú)e班mp容lo游ye僵r,搖s秒he休h餡as門i差n劃ef牌fe凳ct辱f酬ul逗l朱co箱nt座ro掘l.雖然拘他是銜她的麥雇主輪，但滔實(shí)際隊(duì)上是部由她夠完全植控制茄。3）He腐s接ai惜d叼he弱g鴉ra救du度at均ed稿f曬ro暖m剖Ox標(biāo)fo融rd兼,退wh轎il耗e言in桿e菠ff即ec染t,框h食e床ne圖ve陰r墻we纏nt蛙t蓮o索co揚(yáng)ll秋eg討e.他說(shuō)券他是于牛津愧畢業(yè)屋的,但實(shí)過(guò)際上發(fā)他從殼沒(méi)上亂過(guò)大勾學(xué)。5.ineffectusedwhenyouaredescribingwhatyouseeastherealfactsofasituation實(shí)際上Ph吩ra街se暑A(yù)按na僑ly澇si懇sE.乞g.1）Up久t穗o鼠no存w井ev燒er準(zhǔn)yt芹hi搜ng固h妙as絕b費(fèi)ee惑n兵su斷cc午es象sf炕ul揭.到目討前為蠶止，澇一切理都很黃順利2）Up涉t鉛o果no責(zé)w,資h拜e衡ha蔑s蟲(chóng)no濟(jì)t扒be青en朋v勢(shì)er翠y聚ha乞rd泥-w獎(jiǎng)or慕ki肢ng到目制前為舒止，坐他租一直抽不是鎮(zhèn)很用押功。3）Up趴t退o副no束w紀(jì),草we額’v林e模re涌ce緒iv灶ed蛙t佛we充nt門y賓pa包pe扣rs到目痕前為祥止，面我候們已樣收到20篇論堵文。6.Uptonowtillnow到目前為止Ph滋ra墳se肥A樣na挑ly征si浴sTe互xt撲An絨al君ys濃isSe羊nt稼en鍵ce峽A掠na匪ly劃si映s1.Justasaninfinitetoweroftortoisessupportingtheflatearthissuchapicture,soisthetheoryofsuperstrings.Se酬nt湯en洪ce突A組na揪ly勢(shì)si瞧sso佛+系動(dòng)演詞（鈔助動(dòng)槳詞或陜情態(tài)攤動(dòng)詞遠(yuǎn)）+主語(yǔ)意為拼“某剖人或譯某物詢也如丈此”晉，此趣結(jié)構(gòu)蠢表示竹前句兄?jǐn)⑹鐾サ那橥茮r也則同樣冬適合趁后句屢的人解或物派，相傘當(dāng)于班“主豪語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)錦動(dòng)詞+.槳..揪to沉o”。注灑意：保此結(jié)鍋構(gòu)中市的主梯語(yǔ)須何為與盒前句錫不同爹的人今或物爐。E.淹g.1)拖He得c杠an職s脆wi價(jià)m華in徐t炭he輕r豈iv幼er蘋,伙an霧d笛so喉c母an膝I央.他能但在河凝里游懂泳，餓我也簽?zāi)堋?）He正h鄰as涂b悟ee蠢n啊to武B傷ei愧ji惑ng璃t農(nóng)hr努ee宋t手im青es蘋,段so昨h矩av扛e模hi沫s蕩pa根re批nt炕s.他去憑過(guò)北棵京三癢次，蘋他父忙母親狹也去拔過(guò)。這樣垮的圖葵像可厲能是婦如同踏無(wú)限到的烏奧龜塔——一個(gè)李支持嶺平坦濾地球爐的烏粗龜塔取，也售可能范是超臂弦理姓論所初展現(xiàn)退一種對(duì)圖像縱。1.Justasaninfinitetoweroftortoisessupportingtheflatearthissuchapicture,soisthetheoryofsuperstrings.Se宜nt巴en臘ce瓜A星na評(píng)ly尚si機(jī)s譯花文fa揭il埋t貪o器do晨s帥th柱.未能括，不尾能達(dá)石到在這蚊里fa酷il后面示跟的佛是不弊定式救，主宿要是灰動(dòng)詞痰。E.抱g.1)染I急t'粉s斗no麻t屯ra甩re出t檢ha恰t譜so吉me餃c赴an卷di患da圾te澡s股fo披r裂th僚e松un緊iv丘er府si隸ty毫e遭nt熔ra穗nc候e望ex怒am綁in萬(wàn)at燦io瓣n聯(lián)ge歌t酷hi挽gh垮m昏ar舍ks矩b褲ut條f婚ai蒙l蓄to巾b廳e庫(kù)ad鴨mi錢tt莊ed月t膛o枕a缺un岸iv農(nóng)er彈si費(fèi)ty勢(shì)b命ec蝴au鑼se劑t限he樸y紀(jì)fi臨ll油i壩n拜th趟e孝ap緊pl孩ic嶼at餐io引n帥fo燃rm轎i威na題pp櫻ro就pr辰ia車te垮ly綱.由于叛志愿蟻填報(bào)鹿不當(dāng)椅，高澆考生蟲(chóng)高分享落榜旋現(xiàn)象案并不嗓鮮見(jiàn)脊。2）Th富e吐sp墨ec迅ie擋s槍th敲at辮f摔ai胞l坊to娃a殼dj氣us云t陣to慈t弄he孫c旋ha終ng恩in中g(shù)留co校nd樂(lè)it歷io敞ns板o學(xué)f說(shuō)ex刺is酷t(yī)e幻玉nc夸e固wi拘l(wèi)l旅g達(dá)ra霸du啞al醒ly坊b老ec不om侮e宮ex爸ti誘nc補(bǔ)t.不能飽適應(yīng)攜生存收環(huán)境偶改變施的物紫種會(huì)窄逐漸腿滅絕2.However,thetortoisetheoryfailstobeagoodscientifictheorybecauseitpredictsthatpeopleshouldbeabletofallofftheedgeoftheworld.Se扭nt旬en企ce購(gòu)A倡na委ly鴿si斑s譯冠文試比墊較：fa協(xié)il摩i釣n多翻連譯成侵“不望足或救缺乏漠”后占加名營(yíng)詞E.劈燕g.1)目H悠e珠fa吉il蛋s橋in牲c(diǎn)纏ou譜ra壺ge鏟.他不池夠勇商敢。2）He宜i馳s良a截cl穴ev倘er異m泥an票b智ut樹(shù)f攪ai呆ls歌i氧n論pe臟rs物ev濫er先an扮ce倉(cāng).他聰渡明，廉但缺閃乏毅疲力。然而失，龜勺理論跌作為抄一個(gè)妄好的煙科學(xué)償理論危是不聰夠格柜的，費(fèi)因?yàn)槊A(yù)繁言了岡人會(huì)阿從世秀界的胡邊緣克掉下紅去。2.However,thetortoisetheoryfailstobeagoodscientifictheorybecauseitpredictsthatpeopleshouldbeabletofallofftheedgeoftheworld.Se汽nt協(xié)en密ce味A凍na聲ly枕si役s譯翼文3.…thatis,hesuggestedthattherewouldbeasetoflawsthatwoulddeterminetheevolutionoftheuniverseprecisely,givenitsconfigurationatonetime.Se之nt咳en蠶ce腦A伍na由ly涂si弄s譯蜓文gi冤ve虎n在這聚里不拔再動(dòng)量詞的瘋過(guò)去濃式，只而是賤一個(gè)躲介詞亞表示確：ta擾ki瘋ng娘i革nt障o葡ac關(guān)co例un饒t如果掃考慮哄到E.短g.1)添Gi病ve摔n蹄th宜at席t噸he垂y稱ar史e孩in贊ex吳pe佳ri掛en救ce有d,桐t蜘he趙y'濟(jì)ve登d舌on互e震a積go競(jìng)od居j礎(chǔ)ob長(zhǎng).在缺洞乏經(jīng)臭驗(yàn)的暴情況邪下,他們跳的這朋個(gè)工挪作已刻經(jīng)算瓣做得賭不錯(cuò)死了。2）Gi野ve勸n枕go稠od而h拿ea網(wǎng)lt士h,侵i廊h紅op抽e本to儉f營(yíng)in墻is察h百th暴e城wo己rk剩t趁hi搬s辛ye瀉ar顏.倘若節(jié)身體疊狀況斯良好誦，我葉希望疑年內(nèi)薄完成魔這工傭作。他提垃議：如騙果給俯定宇貍宙在盾某一眠時(shí)刻職的結(jié)掀構(gòu)，字由給燙定的京一組滿定律醋即能旬精確兩地決志定宇竹宙的堂演化田。3.thatis,hesuggestedthattherewouldbeasetoflawsthatwoulddeterminetheevolutionoftheuniverseprecisely,givenitsconfigurationatonetime.Se懷nt白en槐ce淚A響na游ly葛si楊s譯弦文Te碎xt抬An政al掃ys擱isTe斬xt劣T殃ra莖ns奶la言ti改onTe揀xt巧T蛾ra教ns砌la蒙ti樸on空間聾與時(shí)升間史蒂脊芬●霍金[1腳]我們個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)庫(kù)自己危是處弊在一逢個(gè)困據(jù)惑的四世界輕中。雞我們皆要為倡自己摸在四蘆周所冷看的穩(wěn)一切伙賦予井意義體并問(wèn)撓道：耀什么醉是宇機(jī)宙的菊性質(zhì)骨？我波們?cè)跈C(jī)它之領(lǐng)中的舍位置忠如何豬，以笛及宇遇宙和覆我們?nèi)缽暮文苟鴣?lái)示？為煤何它烤是現(xiàn)撐在這須個(gè)樣隔子的拳？[2姑]我們諒采用槐某種功“世辟界圖氏”’昂來(lái)試屠圖回齊答這貓些問(wèn)匹題。免這樣違的圖芒像可掉能是兄如同潑無(wú)限礙的烏撲龜塔——一個(gè)子支持鼓平坦碼地球揚(yáng)的烏遍龜塔工，也緒可能邊是超晝弦理俱論所翁展現(xiàn)婦一種獎(jiǎng)圖像仇。雖哥然后允者比勁前者鈔更數(shù)透學(xué)化爽、更凡精確咬，但籮兩者藥都是邪宇宙焦的理抽論。穩(wěn)兩個(gè)坑理論生都缺撈乏觀樸察的夢(mèng)證據(jù)心：沒(méi)燥人看摔到一味個(gè)背淡負(fù)地單球的治大龜智，也叼沒(méi)有叢人看達(dá)到超虧弦。龍然而濁，龜眼理論朋作為價(jià)一個(gè)蹦好的壤科學(xué)種理論顯是不攔夠格洗的，籮因?yàn)槭笏A(yù)霜言了扎人會(huì)掉從世濕界的觸邊緣砍掉下鳳去?；食琼毎l(fā)現(xiàn)欄它能烏為據(jù)弱說(shuō)在眼百慕結(jié)達(dá)三叫角消紅失的躲人提鍛供解昏釋，輩否則胡這個(gè)打預(yù)言泛和經(jīng)秧驗(yàn)不覺(jué)一致辦！[3飼]最早楊先在往理論儉上描半述和抽解釋技宇宙礙的企煤圖牽喊涉到服這樣廳的思棟想，煉事件額或自誼然現(xiàn)僚象是承由具費(fèi)備人宗類感糾情的既靈魂批所控朽制，險(xiǎn)它們棕的行召為和剖人類醉非常敬相像迅，并個(gè)且是桑不可軌預(yù)知土的。珍這些汪靈魂籌棲息招在自伙然對(duì)壩象之燙中，找諸如談河流富和高排山，幟包括鐮諸如陷太陽(yáng)得和月賢亮這泥樣的浸天體突之中蕉。人徹們必井須對(duì)吼它們?nèi)て矶\規(guī)并提麥供供撈品，誓以保動(dòng)證土啊壤的彼肥沃軟和四坦季的迷變化派。然肺而，僅一些處規(guī)律服逐漸媽地被樹(shù)人們杰注意穿到：沙太陽(yáng)零總是承東升吉西落遵，而杜不管姓是否椒用犧尚牲去奪對(duì)之興進(jìn)貢竟。更寶進(jìn)一岡步，漫人們凡已經(jīng)影能夠料可以淋相當(dāng)令精確撲地預(yù)厚測(cè)太枝陽(yáng)、介月亮鴉和行至星運(yùn)杰行的駁軌道紐奉了，鄰而且雨這些選天體籮正是蟻沿著艘這些舊軌道腹穿越四天穹曉。太捷陽(yáng)、萌月亮儲(chǔ)仍然廳還可址以是壓神祗硬，只扛不過(guò)些是服頭從嚴(yán)禾格定織律的姨神。移如果呆你不貴將耶番和華洋為約徑書亞消停止就太陽(yáng)解運(yùn)行絲式之類盼的神叼話當(dāng)敞真，梳則這智一切精顯然節(jié)都是禁毫不動(dòng)例外霧的。[4葵]首先甲，只黨有在吧天文況學(xué)和胞一些會(huì)其它頂情形禾下，土這些在規(guī)則謊和定糟律是譽(yù)顯而摟易見(jiàn)霞的。幣然而謊隨著笑文明裝的發(fā)筒展，夕特別慈是近30枯0年期核間，翅越來(lái)延越多帆的規(guī)快則和征定律葡被發(fā)煩現(xiàn)。洞這些罵定律晃的成引功，綢使得優(yōu)拉普刪拉斯唉在19世紀(jì)么初主焦張科蓬學(xué)的騎宿命趨論。脊他提并議：奏如果蹤蝶給定清宇宙券在某能一時(shí)漢刻的母結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)，由侵給定氧的一凳組定杠律即算能精杯確地準(zhǔn)決定白宇宙嫂的演簽化。[5港]拉普嫌拉斯陰的宿寬命論掏在兩瞇個(gè)方焰面是刮不完偷整的估。它藥沒(méi)講戚定律指應(yīng)該儉如何狗選擇技，也雄沒(méi)指師定宇圾宙的嘉初始識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)巧。這砍些都節(jié)留給號(hào)了上策帝。棍上帝濾會(huì)選清擇讓硬宇宙蓮如何巴開(kāi)始寸并要煙服從擦什么根定律首，但牽是一余旦開(kāi)棵始之應(yīng)后它由將不嗚再干倉(cāng)涉。受事實(shí)難上，灶上帝怨是被賤限制躬于19世紀(jì)鑰科學(xué)賤不能友理解挺的領(lǐng)名域里刺。[6孤]事實(shí)嚷上，夏我們磚已經(jīng)婦重新皮將科影學(xué)的圈任務(wù)斗定義扮為發(fā)闊現(xiàn)能櫻使我呀們?cè)陧斢刹怀反_定徹性原瓶理設(shè)爺定的飛極限潤(rùn)內(nèi)預(yù)后言事較件的舅定律匯。然猛而，辮還存澡在如斷下問(wèn)情題：局宇宙?zhèn)鹊亩珊桶璩跏純?chǔ)條件科是如仁何及耳為何受選取臟的？[7魄]有一劇次愛(ài)怕因斯瀉坦就亦問(wèn)道猴：“煤在制窩造宇王宙時(shí)厭上帝素有多吩少選收擇性遞？”雄如果螞無(wú)邊富界假帽設(shè)是啞正確歇的，把在選側(cè)擇初疏始條哲件上繳它就猴根本菠沒(méi)有啟自由辨。當(dāng)追然，敵它仍寺有選勻擇宇抄宙所陷服從修的定均律的勵(lì)自由情。然墻而，昂實(shí)在嶼并沒(méi)載有那攪么多堂的選筒擇性??；很號(hào)可能清只有草一個(gè)量或數(shù)疏目很撒少的穿完整躲的統(tǒng)兔一理脾論，慌它是降自治虎的，百并且峰允許獻(xiàn)復(fù)雜跡到像疤能研按究宇奸宙定懶律和鏡詢問(wèn)啟上帝低本性唉的人憶類那絕樣的跡結(jié)構(gòu)卡的存賭在。[8鴨]迄今首，大廣部分醋科學(xué)蹦家過(guò)譯多的棍關(guān)注罰于發(fā)遠(yuǎn)展描嶼述宇警宙為聾何物覽的理還論，股以至姜于沒(méi)扔工夫滑去過(guò)饒問(wèn)為拖什么留的問(wèn)航題。疾而另用一方條面，瓦卻是對(duì)以尋濕根究宅底為塊己任賤的哲概學(xué)家穗不能予跟得緞上科剪學(xué)理郵論的渠進(jìn)步黎。在18世紀(jì)僑，哲賣學(xué)家喜將包填括科抬學(xué)在未內(nèi)的虧整個(gè)嬸人類維知識(shí)歡當(dāng)作毫他們?nèi)獾念I(lǐng)宋域，襯并討練論諸擱如宇穴宙有遇無(wú)開(kāi)霧初的青問(wèn)題滲。然山而，橋在19和20世紀(jì)森，科啦學(xué)變甲得對(duì)凱哲學(xué)休家，青或者疏說(shuō)對(duì)乘于除撓了少熔數(shù)專向家以澇外的耀任何狗人而藍(lán)言，短過(guò)于才技術(shù)月性和稠數(shù)學(xué)碎化了敞。哲腫學(xué)家逼如此懂地縮納小他也們的士質(zhì)疑賴的范猛圍，疲以至應(yīng)于連縮慧維特誓根斯府坦——這位堪本世買紀(jì)最怪著名恩的哲離學(xué)家門都說(shuō)油道：晴“哲豪學(xué)僅緒余下波的任秒務(wù)是蛋語(yǔ)言濃分析壟。”鍵這是具從亞貼里士冤多德粘到康婦德以戴來(lái)哲物學(xué)的土偉大數(shù)傳統(tǒng)爪的何怒等的胳墮落要！[9畜]然而稀，如鼠果我候們確膜實(shí)發(fā)侄現(xiàn)了押一套僚完整溉的理行論，薦它應(yīng)伸該在駱一般也的原武理上大及時(shí)漸讓所注有人筍（而炸不僅同僅是顏少數(shù)疫科學(xué)術(shù)家）涂所理終解。綢那時(shí)壁，我抖們所揭有人煮，包敢括哲夜學(xué)家只、科指學(xué)家曉以及牌普普贊通通總的人淺，都衛(wèi)能參拒加為旬何我須們和怎宇宙獅存在貍的問(wèn)貴題的裙討論離。如放果我京們對(duì)貓此找銷到了院答案弦，則良將是牌人類膛理智保的最缺終極板的勝晚利——因?yàn)榭灸菚r(shí)念我們千讀懂芝上帝粒的心感思了盆。Te斜xt鄰An睡al窄ys匯isKe牛ys傷t征o承Ex栽er度ci察se斬sPa酬rt燦IWa附rm蟲(chóng)-u份pI.1.火C陷E魯2.填F絹3.著H狀D竄4旗.義GJ泰5.辦B6.謊A示I厘7羨.第KII比.My青th沒(méi)ol箭og吸ic鋼al遞F揚(yáng)ig糊ur圖esBr五ah依m(xù)a輸(th太e逼cr哭ea漂to凍r串go筒d紀(jì)in形H困in抬du唉is盤m,梵天肝，印度睜教創(chuàng)造插之神)Po費(fèi)se婚id歐on峽(th座e癥go湊d汁of炒t御he轉(zhuǎn)s晴ea,希臘樹(shù)神話毯波塞魯冬)Je巷su燈s數(shù)Ch籮ri墳st（耶濃穌）Ra榨(趁(E缸gy班pt陵ia嘗n女My健th字ol系og境y)塑t英he業(yè)s凳un贏g枝od冊(cè),(埃及死神話鼻)太防陽(yáng)神)Ze構(gòu)us偉(連(G碎re煮ek醬M述yt宏ho婦lo妄gy綿)業(yè)th飯e啄su算pr穗em丙e憲go圍d,只(希臘煉神話)宙斯)Ke蓋ys柔t(yī)紅o歌Ex顆er瓣ci住se赴sAl睜la開(kāi)h慶(t倒he隙n跡am它e竟of含G熄od聲a給mo職ng類M案us斑li宣ms茫(溉an容d假Ar誕ab喂C凝hr劑is腰ti搜a(bǔ)n糧s)安拉運(yùn)，真液主（繡穆斯存林和俊阿拉傷伯基混督徒純主神著）)Cu劃pi兇d伴(懶(R啦om確an戴M甲yt昆ho訪lo銜gy狹)巷th亞e橡go播d傭of財(cái)l喪ov瞇e,正(羅馬孫神話)愛(ài)神茶丘比雕特)Sa府ky躺am浮un間i釋迦艱牟尼Ga唐ia沒(méi)(G傅re補(bǔ)ek交M寄yt眾ho擦lo神gy吳)沖th都e采Ea眾rt敗h諷pe致rs劇on考if免ie穴d惜as窄a聞g翁od況de勻ss奪,腹(希臘蕩神話)大地蝦女神鏟蓋亞)Sc誤ie旱nt現(xiàn)is派tsNe齊wt毅on牛頓Ei杯ns包te描in愛(ài)因廢斯坦Ga睛li堤le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