福州市八縣（市）協(xié)作校2021-2022學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考高一英語試卷（完卷時(shí)間：120分；滿分：150分）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）請(qǐng)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanliketodrink?A.Tea.B.Water.C.Coffee.2.WhatdoesthemanusuallydoonSundayafternoons?A.Hegoesshopping.B.Hereadsthenewspaper.C.Heworksinthegarden.3.Whenwillthematchbeginaccordingtotheman?A.At4:00.B.At3:00.C.At2:30.4.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Keeponstudying.B.Gotothemovies.C.Checkoutsomebooks.5.Whoisthegirltalkingto?A.Herdentist.B.Thepolice.C.Aguide.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6和第7兩個(gè)小題。6.Whatimpressedthewoman?A.Thetower.B.Theclock.C.Theanimals.7.Whatisthemanconcernedabout?A.Thecostoftheevent.B.Thelackofwarmclothes.C.Thetravelingtime.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8至10題。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atthegym.B.Atagrocerystore.C.Atarestaurant.9.Howmuchwillthemanpayforbeef?A.$15.B.$10.C.$5.10.Whatisthemanlookingfornow?A.Milk.B.Bread.C.Eggs.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Studentandteacher.C.Brotherandsister.12.WhatdoesthemanwanttodoatTyler'shouse?A.Playbasketball.B.Prepareforanexam.C.Attendaparty.13.Whatwillthemanprobablydofirst?A.Leaveforhisfriend'shouse.B.Dothedishes.C.Cleanhisroom.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第14至16題。14.Whywon'tthespeakersgotoOceanBeach?A.It'stoocoldthere.B.It'stoofar.C.It'stoocrowded.15.Whendidthespeakerslastgotothelake?A.Lastweekend.B.Beforetheyweremarried.C.Whentheywerefirstmarried.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Packforthetrip.B.Finishsomepaperwork.C.Dosomewashing.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker'smother?A.Shehascoronavirus.B.Shecan'tcomehomeoften.C.Sheisamemberofhospital.18.Whatdoesthemotherdoafterworktokeepthefamilysafe?A.Shedoesn'ttalkwithanyone.B.Shestaysclosetoeveryone.CSheusesaseparateentrance.19.Howdoesthespeakerfeelabouthismother?A.ProudB.Scared.C.Indifferent.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Hisfamily.B.Hisworriesaboutmom.C.Hismother'scareer.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASanFranciscobetterlocalgardenTheSanFranciscoBotanicalGardenisoneofthemostdiverse(多種多樣的)gardensintheworld.ThegardenisalivingmuseumwithinGoldenGatePark,offering55acres(英畝)ofbothbeautifulgardensandopenspaces.TheSanFranciscoBotanicalGardenisopenduringCOVID-19.ThegardenisfreetoallSanFranciscoresidentsandgardenmembers.Wearealsocontinuingtoofferfreeadmissioneverymorningtoeveryonefrom7:30amto9am---afantastictimeforbirdwatching.ThesecondTuesdayofthemonthisalsofreetoeveryone.SanFranciscoBotanicalGardenFreeDay:SecondTuesdayofeverymonthFreedailyfrom7:30-9amAlwaysfreeforSanFranciscocityandcountyresidentsAlwaysfreeforgardenmembersandschoolgroupsRegularcost:S9/adultsweekdays,S12/foreignadultsweekdays;S7/youthandseniors;S3/children;children4yearsoldandyoungerfreeLastentry:fallandwinterOctoberthroughearlyNovember:Lastentryat5pmIstSundayinNovemberthroughJanuary:Lastentryat4pmFebruarythrough2ndSaturdayinmarch:Lastentryat5pmSpringandSummer2ndSundayinMarchthroughSeptember:Lastentryat6pm(Thegardenclosesonehourafterlastentry.)1.WhatdoweknowabouttheSanFranciscoBotanicalGarden?A.Itisfreeforlocalpeople. B.ItisclosedduringCOVID—19.C.ItisfreeforeveryoneonTuesday. D.ItislocatednearGoldenGatePark.2.Howmuchdoesitcostaforeignadulttovisitthegardenonweekdays?A.$3 B.$7 C.$9 D.$123.Atwhichofthefollowingtimecanvisitorsenterthegarden?A.4pminJune B.5pminDecemberC.7pminMarch D.6pminFebruary4.Whendoesthegardencloseinspringandsummer?A.At4pm. B.At5pm. C.At6pm. D.At7pm.5.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.anewsreport. B.atravelguide.C.Asciencefiction. D.acookinginstruction.【答案】1.A2.D3.A4.D5.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了舊金山更好的本地花園?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ThegardenisfreetoallSanFranciscoresidentsandgardenmembers.”（花園對(duì)所有舊金山居民和花園成員免費(fèi)開放。）可知，舊金山植物園對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝耸敲赓M(fèi)的。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Regularcost部分的“S12/foreignadultsweekdays”，可知一位外國(guó)成年人在工作日參觀花園要花$12。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Lastentry部分的“2ndSundayinMarchthroughSeptember:Lastentryat6pm”（3月至9月的第二個(gè)星期日:最后入場(chǎng)時(shí)間為下午6點(diǎn)）可知，游客可以在六月的下午4點(diǎn)進(jìn)入花園。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Lastentry部分的“2ndSundayinMarchthroughSeptember:Lastentryat6pm”（3月至9月的第二個(gè)星期日:最后入場(chǎng)時(shí)間為下午6點(diǎn)）可知，最晚可進(jìn)入公園的時(shí)間是晚六點(diǎn)。以及“Thegardenclosesonehourafterlastentry”（花園在最后一次進(jìn)入后一小時(shí)關(guān)閉）所以，春天和夏天花園晚7點(diǎn)關(guān)閉。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheSanFranciscoBotanicalGardenisoneofthemostdiverse(多種多樣的)gardensintheworld.ThegardenisalivingmuseumwithinGoldenGatePark,offering55acres(英畝)ofbothbeautifulgardensandopenspaces.”（舊金山植物園是世界上最多樣化的花園之一。這個(gè)花園是金門公園內(nèi)的一個(gè)活生生的博物館，提供55英畝的美麗的花園和開放的空間。）可知，這篇文章可能來自一個(gè)旅游指南。故選B。BWhenKevinDurantgavehistearfulMVPspeechin2014,theNBAstarmadesuretothankonepersonwhohadbeentherewithhimfromtheverybeginning:hismother.HisheartfeltwordsaboutthesacrificesshemadeforDurantandhisbrotherledtoalifetimemovieaboutherjourneyasasingleparent,TheRealMVP:TheWandaDurantStory.Today,theNBAsuperstar’smomtravelsthecountryasamotivationalspeakerandphilanthropist(慈善家).OnMonday,shespokeatThomsonReuters’inNewYorkaboutherpersonalstrugglestoachievefinancialstabilityandsharedthefinancialadviceshegavehersonwhenheenteredtheleaguewithCNBC.“Iwantedhimtorealizehehasworkedhard,”shesays,“AnditisOKforhimtoenjoyhimselfbecauseofhishardwork.Butitisalsoimperativethathepreparesforhisfuture.”Whilesheadvisedhimtoenjoytherewardsofhislabor,shealsowantedtomakesurethathersonknewtheimportanceoffinancialplanning.Shetoldtheaudiencethatwhenshefoundherselfasingleparenttotwochildrenat21,shecouldn’tfollowthefinancialprinciples.Ratherthanplanningforthefuture,shefocusedonlyonhowhermoneycouldmakeendsmeetforthatmoment.Recently,DuranthasteamedupwithLaurenePowellJobsforanewphilanthropicprogramcalledCollegeTrackwhichisaimedathelpingdisadvantagedkidsattendcollege.Aspartoftheprogram,Duranthascommittedtodonating$10milliontohishometown’spublicschoolsystem.Durant’smomsaysthatinadditiontohisfinancialdecisions,sheisproudofhisphilanthropicworkandhisdesiretohelpthecommunity.“Ithoughtgivingbackwasalwaysveryimportant,andsowetalkedaboutthatandhehadseenthatfromusasafamilyandit’soneofthethingsthatItaughthim,”shesays.6.WhatisTheRealMVP:TheWandaDurantStorymainlyabout?A.Durant’scareerpath.B.Durant’shardchildhood.C.Durant’smother’sdevotiontothefamily.D.Durant’smother’sstrugglingtobeindependent.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“imperative”inparagraph3mean?A.Enjoyable. B.Important.C.Unusual. D.Hopeful.8.WhatdoesDurant’smotherdoasamotivationalspeaker?A.Toshareexperienceofherlifeandeducationonherson.B.TomakeDurantrealizetheimportanceoffinancialplanning.CTogivetheaudienceadviceonhowtoachievefinancialstability.D.Toexplainthatwecanenjoyrewardsbyworkinghard.9.WhatarethefinancialprinciplesofDurant’smom?A.Enjoyingnowandplanningforthefuture.B.Sharingrewardsandcreatingacharityprogram.C.Spendinglessmoneyandsavingfortheemergencies.D.Donatingmoneytothecharityandhelpingmoreschools.10.WhatmadeDurantpayattentiontothecharityprogram?A.Hiskindheart. B.Hispoorhometown.C.Hismother’steaching. D.Hisdifficultlifeexperiences.【答案】6.C7.B8.C9.A10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一則新聞報(bào)道，文章報(bào)道了NBA巨星KevinDurant的母親在Durant進(jìn)入聯(lián)盟時(shí)對(duì)他進(jìn)行的金錢觀的教育?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“HisheartfeltwordsaboutthesacrificesshemadeforDurantandhisbrotherledtoalifetimemovieaboutherjourneyasasingleparent,TheRealMVP:TheWandaDurantStory.（他真誠(chéng)地表達(dá)了她為杜蘭特和他弟弟所做的犧牲，這也促成了一部關(guān)于她作為單親母親的一生歷程的電影——《真正的MVP：旺達(dá)·杜蘭特的故事》）”可知，電影TheRealMVP:TheWandaDurantStory主要是關(guān)于杜蘭特母親對(duì)家庭的奉獻(xiàn)。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后“hepreparesforhisfuture（他為他的未來做準(zhǔn)備）”和“shealsowantedtomakesurethathersonknewtheimportanceoffinancialplanning（她也想確保兒子明白財(cái)務(wù)規(guī)劃的重要性）”可推知，Durant母親想讓Durant知道經(jīng)濟(jì)上為未來做好準(zhǔn)備也是很重要的，因此劃線詞的意思是“重要的”，即important，故選B。8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Today,theNBAsuperstar’smomtravelsthecountryasamotivationalspeakerandphilanthropist(慈善家).OnMonday,shespokeatThomsonReuters’inNewYorkaboutherpersonalstrugglestoachievefinancialstabilityandsharedthefinancialadviceshegavehersonwhenheenteredtheleaguewithCNBC.（如今，這位NBA巨星的母親作為一名勵(lì)志演說家和慈善家周游全國(guó)。周一，她在紐約的湯森路透上談到了自己為實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)務(wù)穩(wěn)定所做的努力，并分享了她兒子加入CNBC時(shí)她給他的理財(cái)建議）”可知，作為一個(gè)勵(lì)志演說家，杜蘭特的母親主要做的是為聽眾提供如何實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)務(wù)穩(wěn)定的建議。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Whilesheadvisedhimtoenjoytherewardsofhislabor,shealsowantedtomakesurethathersonknewtheimportanceoffinancialplanning.（雖然她建議兒子享受自己的勞動(dòng)回報(bào)，但她也想確保兒子明白財(cái)務(wù)規(guī)劃的重要性）”可知，杜蘭特媽媽的財(cái)務(wù)原則是享受現(xiàn)在，規(guī)劃未來。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Ithoughtgivingbackwasalwaysveryimportant,andsowetalkedaboutthatandhehadseenthatfromusasafamilyandit’soneofthethingsthatItaughthim（我認(rèn)為回饋社會(huì)總是非常重要的，所以我們討論了這一點(diǎn)，他從我們家看到了這一點(diǎn)，這是我教給他的事情之一）”可知，他母親的教育使杜蘭特關(guān)注慈善項(xiàng)目，故選C。CLivingthelightlifeManyofusliketodineoutandtreatourselvestodeliciousfood.Weareusedtochoosinghearty,fat-filleddishesandsugar-chargeddesserts,whicharenoteasilycookedathome.Therecentriseoflightmeals,however,givesdinesmarterchoice.AccordingtoEconomicDaily,low-calorie,low-fatandhigh-fibermealshavebecomepopularinChina’srestaurantsandonlinedeliveryplatforms.Thecountrysawarapidexpansionofrestaurantsspecializinginlightmeals,fromjust600in2017tomorethan3,500in2018.AccordingtoareportreleasedbyMeituan,amajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform,thenumberoflightmealsorderedonlinealsorose75percentfromthepreviousyear.Havingalightmeal,however,doesn’tmeaneatingonlyvegetables.Differentfromthemeat-freelifestyle,atypicallightdishavoidsoily,saltyandspicyfood.Instead,itcontainsthingslikeboiledmeat,wholegrains,fruitsandvegetables.Healthynutrientsarethethemeofthelightmeal.“Thesedishesareusefulforkeepinghealthyandcontrollingyourweight.That’sprobablywhysomanyyoungpeople,especiallymillennials(千禧一代),areintothem.Dinersseeitasagreatwaytoavoidbloating(變胖),”wrotetheTelegraph.“Aftereatingseverallightmeals,Ifeltmyappetite(胃口)hasshrunk.Inowpreferlightflavors,”ZouJing,acollegeteacherinWuhan,toldChinaDaily.Shesharedapictureofherlunch:amixtureofbeef,eggs,corn,mushroomsandcherrytomatoes.Thesechangesineatingbehaviorareconnectedtodeeperchangesinhowpeoplethinkaboutfood,saysWalterWillett,chairofthenutritiondepartmentattheHarvardT.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,US.“Dietquality,notquantityisimportantforbothweightcontrolandlong-termwell-being,”WilletttoldTheNewYorkTimes.Sothenexttimeyouhaveapartywithfriends,tryalightmeal.Itwillsatisfynotonlyyourstomachsbutmaybealsoyourhearts.11.Whatarelightmeals?A.Fat-filleddishes.B.Meat-freedishes.C.Sugar-chargeddesserts.D.Low-calorieandhigh-fibermeals.12.Whatisthemainwaythattheauthorusedtoprovethepopularityoflightmeals?A.Listingnumbers.B.Givingexamples.C.Givingdescriptions.D.Showingotherpeople’sopinions.13.What’sthemainideaofparagraph4?A.Thetypicalfeatureoflightmeals.B.Differenteatinglifestyles.C.Healthynutrients.D.Theimportanceofvegetables.14.Whydomanyyoungpeopleenjoylightmeals,accordingtothearticle?A.Lightmealsareusuallycolorful.B.Lightmealscanhelppeoplecontroltheirweight.C.Lightmealsarecheaperthanothermeals.D.Lightmealsaresimpleandconvenient.15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Lightmealswillstaypopularforashorttime.B.One’seatinghabitshowstheirpersonality.C.It’simportanttoeattherightamountofgoodfood.D.Thereisachangeinattitudetowardhealthyeating.【答案】11.D12.A13.A14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要向我們描述了低熱量、低脂肪、高纖維的清淡飲食（輕食）正在興起，介紹了其原因和好處。【11題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“AccordingtoEconomicDaily,low-calorie,low-fatandhigh-fibermealshavebecomepopularinChina’srestaurantsandonlinedeliveryplatforms.(據(jù)《經(jīng)濟(jì)日?qǐng)?bào)》報(bào)道，低熱量、低脂和高纖維膳食在中國(guó)的餐館和在線配送平臺(tái)上已經(jīng)很受歡迎)”和第三段中的“Thecountrysawarapidexpansionofrestaurantsspecializinginlightmeals(該國(guó)的輕食餐廳迅速擴(kuò)張)”可知，lightmeals指低熱量和高纖維膳食。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段“Thecountrysawarapidexpansionofrestaurantsspecializinginlightmeals,fromjust600in2017tomorethan3,500in2018.AccordingtoareportreleasedbyMeituan,amajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform,thenumberoflightmealsorderedonlinealsorose75percentfromthepreviousyear.(該國(guó)的輕食餐廳迅速擴(kuò)張，從2017年的600家增加到2018年的3500多家。根據(jù)大型在線食品配送平臺(tái)美團(tuán)發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告，網(wǎng)上訂購(gòu)的便餐數(shù)量也比前一年增長(zhǎng)了75%)”可知，作者用列出數(shù)字的方式來證明輕食的傳播和受歡迎度。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。由第四段“Havingalightmeal,however,doesn’tmeaneatingonlyvegetables.Differentfromthemeat-freelifestyle,atypicallightdishavoidsoily,saltyandspicyfood.Instead,itcontainsthingslikeboiledmeat,wholegrains,fruitsandvegetables.Healthynutrientsarethethemeofthelightmeal.(然而，吃一頓輕食并不意味著只吃蔬菜。與不吃肉的生活方式不同，一道典型的輕食菜是避免油膩、咸味和辛辣的食物。相反，它含有煮熟的肉、全谷物、水果和蔬菜。健康的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素是輕食的主題)”可知，第四段主要講輕食的典型特征是什么。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段““Thesedishesareusefulforkeepinghealthyandcontrollingyourweight.That’sprobablywhysomanyyoungpeople,especiallymillennials(千禧一代),areintothem.Dinersseeitasagreatwaytoavoidbloating(變胖),”wrotetheTelegraph.(《每日電訊報(bào)》寫道：“這些菜對(duì)保持健康和控制體重很有用。這可能就是為什么這么多年輕人，尤其是千禧一代，都喜歡吃。食客們認(rèn)為這是避免腹脹的好方法?！?”可知，許多年輕人喜歡吃輕食是因?yàn)檩p食可以幫助人們控制體重、保持健康。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thesechangesineatingbehaviorareconnectedtodeeperchangesinhowpeoplethinkaboutfood,saysWalterWillett,chairofthenutritiondepartmentattheHarvardT.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth,US.(美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)陳氏公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院營(yíng)養(yǎng)系主任沃爾特·威利特說，飲食行為的這些變化與人們對(duì)食物的看法的更深層次的變化有關(guān))”可知，人們現(xiàn)在喜歡吃輕食，與人們對(duì)健康飲食的態(tài)度發(fā)生了變化有關(guān)。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowiseatinginspacedifferentfromeatingonEarth?Ifyousendastronautsintospace,youhavetosendalongfoodaswell.Butwhatdoastronautseat,andhowdotheyeatit?Scientiststakeseveralfactorsintoconsiderationastheyplanmealsforspace.First,andpossiblymostimportant,isnutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng)).____16____Providingjunkfoodtoeat,suchaspotatochips,sodas,andpizza,wouldmaketheastronautsunhealthy.____17____Ifthefoodthathasbeenprovidedisdistasteful,thentheastronautsmayavoideatingit.Ifyou’veevertriedtoconcentrateonsomethingimportantwhileyourstomachdoesn’tfeelwell,you’llknowwhythescientistsinchargeofaspacemission(task)wanttheirastronautstoeatregularly.Thelack(缺少)ofgravity(pull)inaspacecraftalsodetermineswhatfoodscanorcannotbeeateninspace.Mealsmustbepackagedcarefullysotheywon’tspill(灑落/溢出)intothecabin(oneoftheareasinsideaspacecraft).Waterortinybitsoffoodcouldgetinsideamachineorelectronicdeviceanddamageit.____18____Alooseknifebouncing(彈起)aroundinsidethecabinwouldbedangerous.____19____Theweightofeveryobjectincludedinaspacecraftmustbecalculated(計(jì)算)inordertoensurethatthereisenoughfuelandpowertocarrythecraftsafelyintospaceandbackhomeagain.____20____Mostfoodsarestoredinplasticbags,andoften,thefoodsaredehydrated(使脫水).Whenanastronautisreadytoeat,hotwaterisaddedtothemealandwarmitup.Despitealltheserequirements,muchofthefoodeateninspaceisactuallysimilartowhatyoumighteatonanygivenday.A.Tasteisalsoimportant.B.Finally,weightisanimportantconcern.C.Foodpackagingismadetobeaslightaspossible.D.Believeitornot,theyalsohavefreshfruitsandvegetables.E.Nutritionandpracticality(實(shí)用)areimportantthingstoconsider.F.Forthesamereason,sharpknivesandfolksareneverusedonboard.G.Keepingastronauts’physicalhealthisatoptaskforanyspacemission.【答案】16.G17.A18.F19.B20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹決定宇航員在太空中吃什么以及怎樣吃需要考慮的幾個(gè)因素?！?6題詳解】上文“First,andpossiblymostimportant,isnutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng)).”是本段的主旨句，說明了營(yíng)養(yǎng)是科學(xué)家在規(guī)劃宇航員用餐時(shí)需要重點(diǎn)考慮的因素；下文“Providingjunkfoodtoeat,suchaspotatochips,sodas,andpizza,wouldmaketheastronautsunhealthy.(提供垃圾食品吃，如薯片、蘇打水和披薩，會(huì)使宇航員不健康)”說明了垃圾食品會(huì)使得宇航員不健康；G選項(xiàng)“保持宇航員的身體健康是任何太空任務(wù)的首要任務(wù)”與本文主旨一致，且與后文形成對(duì)比關(guān)系，其中的healthy與后文的unhealthy相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】設(shè)空句為本段主旨句，根據(jù)后文“Ifthefoodthathasbeenprovidedisdistasteful,thentheastronautsmayavoideatingit.”(如果提供的食物很難吃，宇航員可能會(huì)避免食用)說明了食物味道的重要性；A選項(xiàng)“味道也很重要”中的taste與后文的distasteful相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】本段主旨句“Thelack(缺少)ofgravity(pull)inaspacecraftalsodetermineswhatfoodscanorcannotbeeateninspace.”(宇宙飛船缺乏重力(拉力)也決定了在太空中什么食物可以吃，什么食物不能吃)說明了重力也是宇航員飲食中需要考慮的因素之一；后文“Alooseknifebouncing(彈起)aroundinsidethecabinwouldbedangerous.”說明了刀在太空艙到處彈跳是危險(xiǎn)的；F選項(xiàng)“同樣的原因，鋒利的刀和人在船上從不使用”中的knife與后文的knife相對(duì)應(yīng)，thesamereason就是指開頭的Thelack(缺少)ofgravity(pull)，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】后文“Theweightofeveryobjectincludedinaspacecraftmustbecalculated(計(jì)算)inordertoensurethatthereisenoughfuelandpowertocarrythecraftsafelyintospaceandbackhomeagain.”(必須計(jì)算航天器中每個(gè)物體的重量，以確保有足夠的燃料和動(dòng)力將航天器安全送入太空并返回地球)說明了重量也是宇航員飲食中要考慮的因素；B選項(xiàng)“最后，重量是一個(gè)重要的問題”與后文的weight相對(duì)應(yīng)，且finally與前文也形成了并列關(guān)系，符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】后文“Mostfoodsarestoredinplasticbags,andoften,thefoodsaredehydrated(使脫水).Whenanastronautisreadytoeat,hotwaterisaddedtothemealandwarmitup.”(大多數(shù)食物都儲(chǔ)存在塑料袋里，而且這些食物經(jīng)常是脫水的。當(dāng)宇航員準(zhǔn)備吃東西時(shí)，就會(huì)把熱水加到飯里并把它加熱)說明了宇航員食物的包裝方式；C選項(xiàng)“食品包裝要盡可能的輕”中的packing與后文的stored相對(duì)應(yīng)，light與本段的論點(diǎn)weight相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Halfayearbeforegraduationfromcollege,mysonbegantolookforajob.Duetothefinancialcrisis(危機(jī)),fewercompanieswouldliketo____21____newstaff.Mysontargetedacompanythatwas____22____tohireonlyonepersonwhileovertwentypeoplewere____23____thejob.Aftertheinterview,onlythreepeoplecouldenterthefinalround,whichwouldlater____24____thepersonthatwasfitforthejob.Andmysonenteredthefinalround.Unexpectedly,thefinalinterviewwasunbelievably____25____.Theintervieweronlysaidtothem,“Allofyouareveryexcellent.Pleasegohomeandwaitforour____26____.Wewilltellyouthe____27____inthreedays.Goodlucktoallofyou!”O(jiān)nthemorningofthethirdday,mysonreceivedatextfromthecompanythathewasnothired.Weallfeltvery____28____.Atnightfallthatday,mysonsuddenlytoldme____29____onhisphone,“Dad,Ihavebeenofferedthejob!”_____30_____thetextsenttomysonwasalsopartofthetestintheinterview.Threemenreceivedthesametextthismorningandonlymyson’sreplywas“Thankyou”_____31_____theothertwosaid“Goodbye”.OnlythendidIknowthatmyson’shopecameinthatway.Thatis,whenyoufeeldisappointed,donot_____32_____tosay“thankyou”totheonewhodisappointsyou.Sayingthankyoushows_____33_____forothers’workandshowsyour_____34_____.Therefore,whileunderthesamecondition,youwillgetmore_____35_____comparedwithothers!21.A.promote B.train C.hire D.discover22.A.encouraged B.allowed C.supposed D.intended23.A.applyingfor B.takingup C.lookingfor D.carryingout24.A.meet B.attract C.decide D.represent25.A.formal B.funny C.simple D.strange26.A.suggestion B.reply C.order D.return27.A.result B.truth C.requirement D.income28.A.annoyed B.puzzled C.disappointed D.shocked29.A.patiently B.worriedly C.calmly D.excitedly30.A.Finally B.Especially C.Actually D.Usually31.A.after B.while C.until D.unless32.A.expect B.forget C.pretend D.regret33.A.concern B.love C.admiration D.respect34.A.generosity B.power C.bravery D.culture35.A.problems B.strengths C.challenges D.opportunities【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.C25.C26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.B32.B33.D34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的兒子參加面試，在收到讓人失望的信息時(shí)，仍然禮貌地說“謝謝”，也因此獲得工作機(jī)會(huì)，作者由此感悟：說“謝謝”是對(duì)他人工作的尊重，也是自己慷慨大方的表現(xiàn)，能讓自己比別人得到更多的機(jī)會(huì)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：由于金融危機(jī)，愿意雇傭新員工的公司越來越少。A.promote促進(jìn)，提倡；B.train培訓(xùn)，訓(xùn)練；C.hire聘用；D.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到。根據(jù)上文“Duetothefinancialcrisis”可知，愿意聘用newstaff(新員工)的公司越來越少。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我兒子看上了一家公司，這家公司打算只招聘一個(gè)人，而有20多人申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位。A.encouraged鼓勵(lì)；B.allowed允許；C.supposed認(rèn)為；D.intended打算。根據(jù)上文可知，兒子在找工作，他留意的公司一定是打算招聘員工的公司。beintendedtodo...“打算做……”。故選D項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我兒子看上了一家公司，這家公司打算只招聘一個(gè)人，而有20多人申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位。A.applyingfor申請(qǐng)；B.takingup開始從事；C.lookingfor尋找；D.carryingout執(zhí)行。根據(jù)上文可知，由于金融危機(jī)，愿意雇傭新員工的公司越來越少，所以同一份工作，有20多人申請(qǐng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：面試結(jié)束后，只有三個(gè)人可以進(jìn)入最后一輪，最后一輪將決定誰適合這份工作。A.meet見面；B.attract吸引；C.decide決定；D.represent代表。根據(jù)“thefinalround”可知，最后一輪面試將決定誰適合這份工作。故選C項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：出乎意料的是，最后的面試非常簡(jiǎn)單。A.formal正式的；B.funny滑稽的；C.simple簡(jiǎn)單的；D.strange奇怪的。根據(jù)下文“Theintervieweronlysaidtothem,“Allofyouareveryexcellent.Pleasegohomeandwaitforour6.”可知，最后一輪面試非常簡(jiǎn)單，幾乎什么都沒做。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：請(qǐng)回家等待我們的回復(fù)。A.suggestion建議；B.reply回答；C.order命令；D.return回來。根據(jù)“gohomeandwaitfor”可知，公司要求回家等回復(fù)。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：三天后我們會(huì)告訴你結(jié)果。A.result結(jié)果；B.truth真相；C.requirement要求；D.income收入。根據(jù)上文“gohomeandwaitfor”和“Wewilltellyou”可知，公司將會(huì)通知參加面試者最終結(jié)果。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都感到非常失望。A.annoyed煩惱的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.disappointed失望的；D.shocked吃驚的。根據(jù)上文“Onthemorningofthethirdday,mysonreceivedatextfromthecompanythathewasnothired.”可知，兒子被告知未被錄用，所以感到失望。故選C項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：那天傍晚，兒子突然在電話里興奮地告訴我：“爸爸，我被錄用了!”。A.patiently耐心地；B.worriedly擔(dān)心地；C.calmly冷靜地；D.excitedly興奮地。根據(jù)下文“Dad,Ihavebeenofferedthejob!”可知，突然得知被錄用的消息，兒子感到興奮。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：實(shí)際上，發(fā)給兒子的短信也是面試的一部分。A.Finally終于；B.Especially尤其；C.Actually實(shí)際上；D.Usually。根據(jù)下文“thetextsenttomysonwasalsopartofthetestintheinterview.”可知，作者和兒子最后得知真相：之前告知未被錄用的信息也是面試的一部分。最后弄清真實(shí)情況，用副詞actually“實(shí)際上”。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)天上午，有3名男子收到了同樣的短信，但只有兒子回答說“謝謝”，另外2人回答說“再見”。A.after在……之后；B.while當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；C.until到……時(shí)；D.unless除非。根據(jù)“onlymyson’sreplywas‘Thankyou’”和“theothertwosaid‘Goodbye’”可知，兒子與其它人的回復(fù)不一樣，形成對(duì)比。故選B項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：也就是說，當(dāng)你感到失望的時(shí)候，別忘了對(duì)讓你失望的人說聲“謝謝”。A.expect期待；B.forget忘記；C.pretend假裝；D.regret懊悔。結(jié)合上文可知，兒子在收到讓人失望的信息時(shí)，仍然禮貌地說“謝謝”，也因此獲得工作機(jī)會(huì)，所以作者感悟，當(dāng)你感到失望的時(shí)候，也別忘了對(duì)讓你失望的人說聲“謝謝”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：說謝謝是對(duì)他人工作的尊重，也是你慷慨大方的表現(xiàn)。A.concern擔(dān)心；B.love喜愛；C.admiration欽佩；D.respect尊敬。結(jié)合常識(shí)和“forothers’work”可知，說謝謝是對(duì)他人工作的尊重。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：說謝謝是對(duì)他人工作的尊重，也是你慷慨大方的表現(xiàn)。A.generosity慷慨；B.power控制力；C.bravery勇氣；D.culture文化。結(jié)合上文，在你感到失望的時(shí)候，也別忘了對(duì)讓你失望的人說聲“謝謝”，這既體現(xiàn)了對(duì)他人工作的尊重，也是體現(xiàn)了你的慷慨大方。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，在同樣的條件下，你會(huì)比別人得到更多的機(jī)會(huì)！。A.problems問題；B.strengths優(yōu)勢(shì)；C.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；D.opportunities機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)上文可知，兒子在收到讓人失望的信息時(shí)，仍然禮貌地說“謝謝”，也因此獲得工作機(jī)會(huì)，所以作者認(rèn)為在同樣的條件下，說聲謝謝，能讓你比別人得到更多的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。HaveyoueverbeentoNewYorkCity?Therearemanyexcitingthingstosee.OnesightisthefamousBrooklynBridge.It____36____(build)morethan100yearsago.AnotheristheEmpireStateBuilding.Itisoneofthe____37____(tall)buildingsintheworld.Youcantakealiftridetothetopofthebuilding.Fromthere,youcanseeformiles.Oneofthebestthings____38____(see)inNewYorkistheStatueofLiberty.ItstandsonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarbor.ThebestwaytoseethestatueistogotoBatteryPark,____39____whereyoucantakeaboattoLibertyIsland.TheStatueofLibertyis151feetin____40____(high).ItwasgiventotheUnitedStatesbyFrancein1884.Thestatueisawoman____41____(hold)atorch,andshestandsforfreedom.Since1886,millionsofpeople____42____(visit)theStatueofLiberty.Formanypeople____43____cameherebyshipfromothercountries,theStatueofLiberty____44____(be)thefirstthingtheysaw.Itis_____45_____importantsymbolofAmerica.【答案】36.wasbuilt37.tallest38.tosee39.from40.height41.holding42.havevisited43.who##that44.was45.an【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了紐約的幾個(gè)著名景點(diǎn)——布魯克林大橋、帝國(guó)大廈和自由女神像?！?6題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：它建于100多年前。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語morethan100yearsago可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)。主語it和build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞用was。故填wasbuilt?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：另一個(gè)是帝國(guó)大廈，它是世界上最高的建筑之一。結(jié)合“intheworld”可知句子符合“oneof+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填tallest?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：紐約最值得一看的景點(diǎn)之一是自由女神像，它矗立在紐約港的自由島上。形容詞最高級(jí)修飾名詞，后跟不定式作后置定語。故填tosee?！?9題詳解】考查介詞。句意：參觀這座雕像最好的方式是去炮臺(tái)公園，從那里你可以乘船去自由島。本句為“介詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，句中先行詞為BatteryPark，結(jié)合句意可知，表示“從炮臺(tái)公園可以乘船去自由島”，所以用介詞from。故填from?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：自由女神像高151英尺，1884年由法國(guó)贈(zèng)送給美國(guó)。作介詞的賓語，所以用名詞height，表示抽象概念，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填height?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這座雕像是一個(gè)手持火炬的女人，她代表著自由。句子謂語動(dòng)詞是is，空格處填入非謂語動(dòng)詞，名詞woman與hold之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填holding。【42題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：自1886年以來，數(shù)百萬人參觀了自由女神像。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Since1886可知，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，主語是millionsofpeople，助動(dòng)詞用have。故填havevisited?！?3題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：對(duì)于許多從其他國(guó)家坐船來到這里的人來說，自由女神像是他們看到的第一件東西。句中先行詞為people，指人，在定語從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)。故填who/that。【44題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：對(duì)于許多從其他國(guó)家坐船來到這里人來說，自由女神像是他們看到的第一件東西。根據(jù)前后句子的時(shí)態(tài)可知，描述過去的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主語為專有名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)was。故填was。【45題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：它是美國(guó)的一個(gè)重要象征。泛指一個(gè)，所以用不定冠詞，important以元音音素開頭的，所以用不定冠詞an。故填an。第四部分課內(nèi)知識(shí)（共三節(jié)，滿分25分）第一節(jié)（共7小題；每小題1分，滿分7分）根據(jù)語境，選擇下框中的單詞替換句中劃線部分的單詞或短語，使之意思一致。retireincomesescapeseeksufficientexternaldesire46.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthestrongwishtoexploretheuniverseneverdie.47.DrLinQiaozhididnotstopdoingherjobuntilthedayshedied.48.Weshouldn'tjudgethevalueofsomethingjustbasedonitsoutsideappearance.49.Willscientistsfigureoutawaytostoreasmuchfoodandwateraspossibleforthelongjourneytootherplanets?50.AftervisitingthesouthernpartofYunnan,IhavetoadmitthatitisthebestregionofChinatogetawayfromthecoldwinter.51.AlthoughHenryhadgonetotheAmericanconsulatetoaskforhelp,hehadnotreceivedany.52.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,themajorityofdoctorsbelievedtheirmoneythattheyearnedfromworkdid